Unit-1
AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics
1 What are the three domains of AI ?
Ans Computer Vision: is an AI domain that works with videos and images enabling
machines to interpret and understand visual information.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): is an AI domain focused on textual data
enabling machines to comprehend, generate, and manipulate human language.
Statistical Data or Data Science: refers to statistical techniques to analyse,
interpret and draw insights from numerical/tabular data
2 List out few AI applications and their uses in everyday life
Ans Some AI Applications:
[Link] Lock in Smartphones the front camera detects and captures the face and
saves its features during initiation. Next time onwards, whenever the features
match, the phone is unlocked.
[Link] assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns in
speech, then infer meaning and provide a useful response
[Link] and Risk Detection:Over the years, banking companies learned to divide
and conquer data via customer profiling, past expenditures, and other essential
variables to analyse the probabilities of risk and default.
Medical Imaging: For the last decades, computer supported medical imaging
applications have been a trustworthy help for physicians. It doesn’t only create and
analyse images, but also becomes an assistant and helps doctors with their
interpretation. The application is used to read and convert 2D scan images into
interactive 3D models that enable medical professionals to gain a detailed
understanding of a patient’s health condition.
3 How many stages do we have in the AI project Cycle? What are they?
Ans There are six stages in the AI project cycle. They are problem scoping, data
acquisition, data exploration, modelling, Evaluation and deployment.
4 What is problem scoping?What is the 4W canvas of problem scoping?
Ans Problem scoping is to identify the problem.
The 4W canvas are:
Who are the stakeholders - Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and
would be benefited with the solution.
What is the problem and how do you know that it is a problem? you also gather
evidence to prove that the problem you have selected actually exists. Newspaper
articles, Media, announcements, etc. are some examples.
Where context/situation/location of the problem. This block will help you look into
the situation in which the problem arises, the context of it, and the locations where
it is prominent. and why
Why canvas, think about the benefits which the stakeholders would get from the
solution and how it would benefit them as well as the society.
5 Write Problem Statement Template
6 What is Data Acquisition
This stage is about acquiring data for the [Link] can be a piece of information
or facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis. Whenever we
want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to train it first using
data.
7 What is training and testing data?
In machine learning, datasets are typically split into two subsets: training data and
testing data. Here's what each one is used for:
● Training data: Used to teach the machine learning models to identify desired
patterns or perform a particular task.
● Testing data: Used to evaluate how effective the training was or how accurate
the model is
Note: training data should be different from testing data.
8 What are data features?
Data features refer to the type of data you want to collect
9 Where do you collect data from?
Data is collected from authenticated websites and government portals.
example:[Link], [Link]
10 What are the different ways you collect data?
Surveys, Web Scraping, Sensors, Cameras, Observations API (Application
Program Interface)
11 What is data exploration?
Data Exploration involves organizing and analyzing the gathered data to understand
it better. This can be done through charts, tables, or databases to visualize patterns
and relationships within the data.
12 Defining the terms Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning.
1. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, refers to any technique that enables computers to
mimic human intelligence. The AI-enabled machines think algorithmically and
execute what they have been asked for intelligently.
2. Machine Learning, or ML, enables machines to improve at tasks with experience.
The machine learns from its mistakes and takes them into consideration in the next
execution. It improvises itself using its own experiences.
3. Deep Learning, or DL, enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast
amounts of data. In deep learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of
data which helps it into training itself around the data. Such machines are
intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves.
13 Write about Modeling?
Classification of Models into Rule-based approach and Learning approach.
A Rule based approach is generally based on the data and Artificial Intelligen
Machine Learning Deep Learning rules fed to the machine, where the machine
reacts accordingly to deliver the desired output.
Under learning approach, the machine is fed with data and the desired output to
which the machine designs its own algorithm (or set of rules) to match the data to
the desired output fed into the machine”
Generally, AI models can be classified as follows:
14 What is evaluation?
Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on
outputs by feeding a test dataset into the model and comparing with actual
answers. There can be different Evaluation techniques, depending on the type and
purpose of the model.
15 How is the efficiency of the model calculated ?
The efficiency of the model is calculated on the basis of the parameters mentioned
below:
Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-Score
16 What is prediction and reality in evaluation?
The prediction is the output which is given by the machine and the reality is the real
scenario
17 Write confusion matrix.
Reality Precision
Yes No
Yes True Positive False Negative
No False Positive True Negative
18 What is deployment?
Deployment as the final stage in the AI project cycle where the AI model or solution
is implemented in a real-world scenario.
19 Ethical vs Morals
Morals refer to a sense of right or wrong. Ethics, on the other hand, refer more to
principles of "good" versus "evil" that are generally agreed upon by a community.
Examples of morals and ethics?
Examples of morals can include things such as not lying, being generous, being
patient, and being loyal.
Examples of ethics can include the ideals of honesty, integrity, respect, and loyalty.
20 Ethics with Personal Data
▪There are around 5.34 billion smartphone users in the world as of July 2022, with
their information available on the internet.
▪ AI can help us find out data related to a particular person, from all the available
data.
▪ Such AI solutions are used by organizations to give us customized
recommendations for products, songs, videos, etc.
▪ In this way, AI can influence our decision-making at times
▪ This calls for a need for ethical principles that govern AI and people who are
creating AI.
21 What are the principles of AI Ethics?
The following principles in AI Ethics affect the quality of AI solutions
▪ Human Rights
▪ Bias
▪ Privacy
▪ Inclusion