Instructional Module for the Course

Math 2111- Calculus II

Module 4
Applications of Integral

Overview

Module 4 will explore the different applications of definite integral.

Section 4.1 focuses on the use of definite integral to find the area under a
curve as well as area between two curves. In Section 4.2, definite integral is
used to find volumes of three-dimensional solids using three methods - disk,
washer, cylindrical shell, depending on the characteristics of the solid and axis
of revolution. In Section 4.3, definite integral is used to solve problems
involving work.

Objectives

After going through this module, you are expected to be able to do the
following:
1. Use definite integrals to determine the area of a bounded region on a
plane.
2. Apply definite integrals to determine volumes of revolution using disks,
washers, and cylindrical shells.
3. Must be able to identify the easiest method to apply in solving for the
volume of a solid of revolution.
4. Apply definite integrals to calculate work done by a variable force acting
on a line.

.
 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
Prepared by: Dr. Angelita V. Seeping

Learning Activities

4.1 Area Between the Graph of a Curve and the Coordinate Axis

Suppose that the function 𝑓 is continuous on the closed interval [𝑎, 𝑏] with
𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 for all 𝑥 in [𝑎, 𝑏], and that R is the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥),
the 𝑥 − axis, and the lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏. First, we take a rectangular element
(vertical) with

length = 𝑓(𝑥)
width = 𝑑𝑥

The area of this vertical element (refer to Figure 1) is

Length × width =𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

R 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑎 𝑑𝑥 𝑏

(To sum the areas of the rectangles is to integrate from 𝑎 to 𝑏)

Figure 1.

Then sum up the areas of all these rectangles within the region by integrating
from 𝑎 to 𝑏. Thus, the area of the region R is given by

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

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Note: The length of the rectangular element can be remembered easily as 𝑦𝑢 −

𝑦𝐿 , where 𝑦𝑢 is the 𝑦-value of the upper curve and 𝑦𝐿 is the 𝑦-value at the
𝑥-axis, which is always equal to zero. Thus, the length of the vertical
rectangular element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 0 = 𝑓(𝑥)

The following steps should be done in solving for the area of a plane region:
1. Draw a sketch of the graph.
2. If not given, determine the boundaries 𝑎 and 𝑏,
3. Set up the definite integral then integrate.

Example 1: Find the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the
parabola 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 and the coordinate axes.

Solution:

STEP 1: Determine the vertex and opening of the parabola and draw a sketch of
the graph.

𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥2
𝑥2 = 4 − 𝑦
𝑥 2 = −(𝑦 − 4) ⟹ the parabola opens downward; vertex at (0,4)

𝑥 = 0 (𝑦-axis)

𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥2

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿
𝑦 = 0 (𝑥- axis)

Figure 2.

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STEP 2: Determine the boundaries.

To find the boundaries, we find the 𝑥-intercept by setting 𝑦 = 0 and solving for
𝑥. Thus,

0 = 4 − 𝑥2
0 = (2 + 𝑥)(2 − 𝑥) ⟹ 2 + 𝑥 = 0 or 2 − 𝑥 = 0

So the 𝑥-intercepts are (2,0) and (−2,0). Considering only the region in the First
Quadrant, the vertical element will start from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 2

STEP 3: Set up the definite integral then integrate.

The length of the rectangular element is 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 where 𝑦𝑢 = 4 − 𝑥 2 and

𝑦𝐿 = 0. Thus, the length of the rectangular element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = 4 − 𝑥 2

and the width of the rectangular element is 𝑑𝑥. The area of the rectangular
element is

length × width = (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

Therefore, the area is

2
𝐴 = ∫0 (4 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
1 2
= [4𝑥 − 3 𝑥 3 ]
0
8
= 4(2) −
3
16
= square units
3

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Example 2. Solve the area in Example 1 by taking horizontal rectangular

elements.

𝑥 = 0 (𝑦-axis)

𝑥 = √4 − 𝑦 (right half of the parabola

𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥2)

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 0 (𝑥- axis)

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿
Figure 3.

This time, the length of the rectangular element can be remembered easily
as 𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 , where 𝑥𝑅 is the 𝑥-value of the curve on the right and 𝑥𝐿 is the 𝑥-
value at the 𝑦-axis, which is always equal to zero. Thus, the length of the horizontal
rectangular element is

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 = √4 − 𝑦 − 0

= √4 − 𝑦

and the width is 𝑑𝑦. The area of the rectangular element is

length × width = √4 − 𝑦𝑑𝑦

The horizontal element will start from 𝑦 = 0 to 𝑦 = 4. Therefore, the area is

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4
𝐴 = ∫ √4 − 𝑦𝑑𝑦
0

4
= ∫0 (4 − 𝑦)1/2𝑑𝑦

2 4
= − 3 (4 − 𝑦)3/2 |
0

16
= square units
3

Example 3: Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥

from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 5.

Solution:

STEP 1: Determine the vertex and opening of the parabola and draw a sketch
of the graph.

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) − 4 completing the square
2
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) − 4
(𝑥 − 2)2 = 𝑦 + 4 ⟹ the parabola opens upward, vertex at (2, −4).

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿

𝐴1

Figure 4.

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STEP 2: Find the 𝑥-intercept by setting 𝑦 = 0 then solve for 𝑥.

0 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥
0 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) ⟹ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 − 4 = 0

So the 𝑥-intercepts are (0,0) and (4, 0).

STEP 3: Set up the definite integral then integrate.

Notice that the region from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 4 is bounded above by the 𝑥-axis

and below by the parabola while the region from 𝑥 = 4 to 𝑥 = 5 is bounded
above by the parabola and below by the 𝑥-axis. Thus, we evaluate the two areas
separately. Let us denote the area below the 𝑥-axis as 𝐴1 and the area above the
𝑥-axis as 𝐴2 .

For 𝐴1 , the length of the vertical element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = 0 − (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)

= 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

and the width is 𝑑𝑥. The area of the rectangular element is

length × width = (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥

Hence,
4
𝐴1 = ∫0 (4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

4
𝑥3
= 2𝑥 2 − |
3 0

32
= square units
3

For 𝐴2 , the length of the vertical element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ) − 0

= 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥

and the width is 𝑑𝑥. The area of the rectangular element is

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length × width = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

Hence,
5
𝐴2 = ∫4 (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

5
𝑥3
= − 2𝑥 2 |
3 4

7
= 3 square units

Therefore, the total area is

32 7
𝐴𝑇 = + 3 = 13 square units
3

Note: When solving the area between a curve and the 𝑥-axis, you should carry
out separate calculations for the part of the curve above the axis, and the
part of the curve below the axis.

4.2 Area Between Two Curves

Let R be the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥), the lines
𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 where 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥) for all 𝑥 in [𝑎, 𝑏] (see Figure 5).

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

R 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑑𝑥

𝑎 𝑏

Figure 5.

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
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First, we take a vertical rectangular element with

length = 𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿
= 𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)
width = 𝑑𝑥

The area of this vertical element is

Length × width =[𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥

Then sum up the areas of all the rectangular elements by integrating from 𝑎 to
𝑏. Hence,

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓 (𝑥 ) − 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥

You may also take horizontal elements and use 𝑦 as the variable of
integration. Suppose R is bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑝(𝑦) and 𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑦), the lines
𝑦 = 𝑐, 𝑦 = 𝑑 where 𝑝(𝑦) ≥ 𝑞(𝑦) on the interval [𝑐, 𝑑 ] (see Figure 6). Then
𝑑
𝐴 = ∫𝑐 [𝑝(𝑦) − 𝑞(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦

where 𝑝(𝑦) is the 𝑥 value of the curve on the right (𝑥𝑅 ) and 𝑞(𝑦) is the 𝑥 value of
the curve on the left (𝑥𝐿 ).

𝑥 = 𝑞(𝑦) 𝑥 = 𝑝(𝑦)

𝑑𝑦

𝑝(𝑦) − 𝑞(𝑦)
𝑐

Figure 6.

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
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Example 4: Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑦 2 = 32𝑥.

Solution: First, we find the intersection of the two curves by substitution

method.

𝑦 = 𝑥3 (1); cubic function

𝑦 2 = 32𝑥 (2); parabola with vertex at (0,0) and opens to the right

Substitute 𝑥 3 for 𝑦 in (2):

(𝑥 3 )2 = 32𝑥

𝑥 6 − 32𝑥 = 0 Make one side equal to zero

𝑥 (𝑥 5 − 32) = 0 Factor the left side

This implies that

𝑥=0 or 𝑥 5 − 32 = 0
5
𝑥 = √32
𝑥=2

Thus, the intersection points are (0,0) and (2, 8) (Figure 7). To compute for the
area, we can use either 𝑥 as the variable of integration (take vertical rectangular
element) or 𝑦 as the variable of integration (take horizontal rectangular element).
Using 𝑥 as the variable of integration, the limits of integration will correspond to
the 𝑥-coordinates of the points of intersection.

𝑦 = √32𝑥

Upper half of the

parabola

𝑦 = 𝑥3

Figure 7.

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Note: 𝑦 2 = 32𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 = ±√32𝑥 where the positive radical represents the upper
half of the parabola, and the negative radical represents the lower half of the
parabola. We ignore the negative radical because the area is in the First Quadrant.

Figure 7 shows that the region from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 2 is bounded above by

𝑦 = √32𝑥 and below by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 . Thus, the length of the vertical element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = √32𝑥 − 𝑥 3 = 4√2 𝑥 1/2 − 𝑥 3

and the width is 𝑑𝑥. Therefore,

2
𝐴 = ∫0 (4√2 𝑥 1/2 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥

2 1 2
= 4√2 (3) 𝑥 3/2 − 4 𝑥 4 |
0

4√ 2 ( 2 ) √ 8 16
= −
3 4

32
= −4
3

20
= square units
3

The choice of rectangular element (vertical or horizontal) can affect the difficulty
of the integration. To guide you in choosing the rectangular element, consider the
following definitions.

Definition 1. Vertically Simple Region

A vertically simple region is a region where every vertical line drawn share the
same upper function 𝑔2 (𝑥) and bottom function 𝑔1 (𝑥) (Veitch, 2015).

Figure 8. Vertically Simple Region

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Source:
[Link]
serCtl%[Link]%3Fmisc_id%3D6116&psig=AOvVaw3UFuhSpun73lOh1Z9tHDXi&ust=
1651196785424000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCKjItMTRtfcCFQAAAAAdAAA
AABAT

Definition 2. Horizontally Simple Region

A horizontally simple region is a region where every horizontal line drawn share
the same right function ℎ2 (𝑦) and left function ℎ1 (𝑦) (Veitch, 2015).

Figure 9. Horizontally Simple Region

Source:
[Link]
serCtl%[Link]%3Fmisc_id%3D6116&psig=AOvVaw2viDygxkWpkS0Sw5oW_jlf&ust=
1651197484870000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCKj3zJLUtfcCFQAAAAAdAAAA
ABAD

Example 5. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and
the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3.

Solution

STEP 1: Put the equation of the parabola in standard form to determine its
vertex and opening.

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1
𝑥2 = 𝑦 − 1 ⟹ the parabola opens upward, vertex at (0,1).

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STEP 2: Next, we find the intersection of the line and the parabola by
substitution method.

𝑦 = 𝑥+3 (1); line

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1 (2); parabola

Substitute 𝑥 2 + 1 for 𝑦 in (1):

𝑥2 + 1 = 𝑥 + 3

𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0 Make one side equal to zero

(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 Factor the right side

This implies that

𝑥−2= 0 or 𝑥+1=0
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −1

Thus, the points of intersection are (−1, 2) and (2,5) (see Figure 10). Notice
that it is easier to compute the area using a vertical rectangular element because
the region from 𝑥 = −1 to 𝑥 = 2 is bounded above by the line only and below by
the parabola only (a vertically simple region).

12

10
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1

8
𝑦 = 𝑥+3

(2,5)
4
𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿
2
(-1, 2)

0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Figure 10.

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STEP 3: Figure 10 shows that the region from 𝑥 = −1 to 𝑥 = 2 is bounded above

by the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 and below by the parabola. Thus, the length of the
vertical rectangular element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = (𝑥 + 3) − (𝑥 2 + 1)

= −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2

and the width is 𝑑𝑥. Therefore,

2
𝐴 = ∫−1(−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥

1 1 2
= − 3 𝑥 3 + 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥|
−1

9
= 2 square units

Example 6. Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑥 = −𝑦 2 and

𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6.

Solution:

STEP 1: First, we determine the vertices and openings of the parabolas.

• 𝑥 = −𝑦 2 ⟹ the parabola opens to the left; vertex at (0,0)

• 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6
𝑥 = (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4) − 6 − 4 completing the square
𝑥 + 10 = (𝑦 − 2)2 ⟹ the parabola opens to the right; vertex at (−10,2)

STEP 2: Next, we find the intersection of the two curves by substitution method.

𝑥 = −𝑦 2 (1)
𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6 (2)

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Substitute 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6 for 𝑥 in (1):

𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6 = −𝑦 2

2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6 = 0 Make one side equal to zero

2(𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 1) = 0 Factor the left side

This implies that

𝑦−3= 0 or 𝑦+1= 0
𝑦=3 𝑦 = −1

Thus, the points of intersection are (−9,3) and (−1, −1). We can see from Figure
11 that it is easier to compute the area using a horizontal rectangular element
because there is only one curve on the right side of the region and only one curve
on the left side of the region from 𝑦 = −1 to 𝑦 = 3 (a horizontally simple region).
The limits of integration will correspond to the 𝑦-coordinates of the points of
intersection.

6 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6

4
(-9,3)
3

𝑥 = −𝑦 2
1

0
-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
-1
(-1,-1)
-2

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿

Figure 11.

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The region from 𝑦 = −1 to 𝑦 = 3 is bounded on the right by the parabola

𝑥 = −𝑦 2 and on the left by the parabola 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6. Thus, the length of the
rectangular element is

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 = −𝑦 2 − (𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 6)

= −2𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 6

and the width is 𝑑𝑦. Therefore,

3
𝐴 = ∫−1(−2𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 6)𝑑𝑦

2 3
= − 3 𝑦 3 + 2𝑦 2 + 6𝑦|
−1

2
= (−18 + 18 + 18) − (3 + 2 − 6)

64
= square units
3

Example 7. Find the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
from 𝑥 = 𝜋/4 to 𝑥 = 5𝜋/4.

Solution

The left and right endpoints of the region are the points of intersection of
𝜋 √2 5𝜋 √2
the two curves, which are (4 , ) and ( 4 , − ), respectively.
2 2

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𝑦𝑈 − 𝑦𝐿

Figure 12. (Source: [Link]

[Link])

Using 𝑥 as the variable of integration, the length of the vertical

rectangular element is

𝑦𝑢 − 𝑦𝐿 = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥

and the width is 𝑑𝑥. Thus,

5𝜋/4
𝐴 = ∫𝜋/4 (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥

5𝜋/4
= − cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 |𝜋/4

5𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= (− cos − sin ) − (− cos 4 − sin 4 )
4 4

√2 √2 √2 √2
= ( 2 + 2 ) − (− − 2)
2

= 2√2 square units

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SAQ 4.1

1. Solve Example 4 using horizontal elements.

2. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 2 and the
line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5.
3. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 and
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 over the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.

Do the exercises on your own before looking at the solution.

If you have no further

questions, you can now
answer the assignment.

References

Corral, Michael (2020). Elementary Calculus. Retrieved from

[Link]

Heinbockel, J. H. (2012). Introduction to Calculus Volume I. Retrieved from

[Link]

Peterson, Thurman. S. (1969). Calculus with Analytic Geometry. New York

Harper & Row

Leithold, L. (2002). The Calculus with Analytic Geometry (7th ed.). Pearson
Education Asia Pte. Ltd.

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Protter, M. H. & Protter, P. E. (1988). College Calculus with Analytic Geometry

(4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston.

Strang, G. (1991). Calculus. Retrieved from

[Link]
df

ASAQ 4.1

a. Solve Example 4 using horizontal elements.

30

25 𝑦 = 𝑥3 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3√𝑦

20

15 𝑦2
𝑦 2 = 32𝑥 ⟹ 𝑥 =
32
10 (2,8)

0
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-5

-10

-15

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿

Figure 13.

Figure 13 shows that the region from 𝑦 = 0 to 𝑦 = 8 is bounded on the

right by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 and on the left by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 32𝑥. Thus, the length of the
horizontal rectangular element is

𝑦2
𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 = 3√𝑦 − 32

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and the width is 𝑑𝑦. Therefore, the area of the region is

8 𝑦2
𝐴 = ∫0 ( 3√𝑦 − 32) 𝑑𝑦

8 1 8
= ∫0 𝑦 1/3 𝑑𝑦 − 32 ∫0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

3 1 8
= 4 𝑦 4/3 − 96 𝑦 3 |
0

3
3 √84 83
= − 96
4

16
= 12 − 3

20
= square units
3

b. Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 2 and the line
𝑦 =𝑥−5

Solution

First, we determine the vertex and opening of the parabola.

𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 2
𝑦 2 = 2(𝑥 − 1) ⟹ the parabola opens to the right; vertex at (1,0)

Next, we determine the points of intersection of the line and the parabola by
substitution method.

𝑦 = 𝑥−5 (1)
𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 2 (2)

Substitute 𝑥 − 5 for 𝑦 in (2):

(𝑥 − 5)2 = 2𝑥 − 2

𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 = 2𝑥 − 2

𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 27 = 0 Make one side equal to zero

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
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(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 9) = 0 Factor the left side

This implies that

𝑥−3=0 or 𝑥−9= 0
𝑥=3 𝑥=9

Thus, the points of intersection are (3, −2) and (9,4) (see Figure 14).
Notice that it is easier to compute the area if we integrate with respect to 𝑦 (using
horizontal rectangular element) because integrating with respect to 𝑥 (using
vertical rectangular element) will require us to divide the entire region into two
parts. One part will be from 𝑥 = 1 to 𝑥 = 3 and the other one will be from 𝑥 = 3
to 𝑥 = 9.

(9,4)

(3,-2)

𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿

Figure 14.

Figure 14 shows that from 𝑦 = −2 to 𝑦 = 4, the region is bounded on the

right by the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 5 and on the left by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 2. Thus, the
length of the horizontal rectangular element is

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
Prepared by: Dr. Angelita V. Seeping

𝑦2
𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝐿 = (𝑦 + 5) − ( 2 +1)

𝑦2
= 𝑦+4− 2

and the width is 𝑑𝑦. Therefore,

4 𝑦2
𝐴 = ∫−2 (𝑦 + 4 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑦

1 1 4
= 2 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 6 𝑦 3 |
−2

32 4
= (8 + 16 − ) − (2 − 8 + 3)
3

= 18 square units

3) Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 and 𝑦 =

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 from 𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 1.

Solution

First, we determine the vertex and opening of the parabola.

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑦 = −(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 4
𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4 ⟹ the parabola opens downward; vertex at (2,4)

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) − 4
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 ⟹ the parabola opens upward; vertex at (3, −4)

Next, we determine the points of intersection of the two parabolas by

substitution method.

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 (1)
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 (2)

Substitute 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 for 𝑦 in (1):

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
Prepared by: Dr. Angelita V. Seeping

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥

2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 5 = 0

10 ± √100 − 40
𝑥=
4

5 ± √15
𝑥=
2

5− √15
The intersection we want is 𝑥 = ≈ 0.56
2

This is the whole region

bounded by the two parabolas
however, the problem
considers only the region from
𝑥 = 0 to 𝑥 = 1 (see Figure 15).

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5

𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥

Figure 15.

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 Math 2111 (Calculus II)
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Thus, the total area is

5− √15
1
𝐴 = ∫0 2 [(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5) − (−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫5− √15 [(−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) − (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5)]𝑑𝑥
2

5− √15
1
= ∫0 2 [2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 5)]𝑑𝑥 + ∫5− √15 [−2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 5)]𝑑𝑥
2

5− √15
2𝑥 3 2𝑥 3 1
= − 5𝑥 2 + 5𝑥| 2
0
+ (− + 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥)| 5− √15
3 3
2

≈ 2.0316

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