Basic SELECT Statement
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
SELECT with WHERE Clause
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT with ORDER BY
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 ASC|DESC;
SELECT with GROUP BY
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SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1;
SELECT with HAVING Clause
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SELECT column1, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1 HAVING COUNT(*) > value;
JOINs
INNER JOIN
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SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2 FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON
table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
LEFT JOIN
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SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2 FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON
table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
RIGHT JOIN
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SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2 FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON
table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
FULL OUTER JOIN
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SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2 FROM table1 FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON
table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
CROSS JOIN
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SELECT table1.column1, table2.column2 FROM table1 CROSS JOIN table2;
SELF JOIN
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SELECT a.column1, b.column2 FROM table_name a, table_name b WHERE a.common_column =
b.common_column;
Subqueries
Subquery in SELECT
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SELECT column1, (SELECT column2 FROM table2 WHERE table2.common_column =
table1.common_column) AS alias_name FROM table1;
Subquery in WHERE
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column3 FROM table2 WHERE
condition);
Subquery in FROM
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SELECT sub.column1 FROM (SELECT column1 FROM table2 WHERE condition) sub;
Aggregate Functions
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SELECT COUNT(*), SUM(column1), AVG(column2), MIN(column3), MAX(column4) FROM
table_name;
INSERT Statement
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INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);
UPDATE Statement
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UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2 WHERE condition;
DELETE Statement
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DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
Data Definition Language (DDL)
CREATE TABLE
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CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 datatype CONSTRAINT, column2 datatype CONSTRAINT,
... );
ALTER TABLE
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ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
DROP TABLE
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DROP TABLE table_name;
Triggers
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CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name AFTER INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN -- trigger logic END;
Transaction Control Language (TCL)
COMMIT
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COMMIT;
ROLLBACK
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ROLLBACK;
SAVEPOINT
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SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
These are the fundamental SQL query syntaxes and their variations, including different types of
joins and other essential SQL operations.