C#.
NET Complete Study Guide
This guide contains complete chapter-wise explanations, definitions, examples, and
programs for C#.NET exam preparation.
1. Introduction to C#.NET
Introduction to C# and .NET
C# is a modern object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. .NET is a
framework used to build applications such as desktop software, web applications, games,
and enterprise systems.
Features of C#
<br/>• Simple and modern language<br/>• Object-oriented<br/>• Platform independent
using .NET Core<br/>• Secure and type-safe<br/>• Automatic garbage collection
Applications of C#
C# is used in web development, game development using Unity, desktop applications, cloud
applications, and database systems.
Structure of C# Program
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
[Link]("Hello World");
}
}
Variables and Data Types
Variables store data values. Common data types include int, float, double, char, string, and
bool.
Type Conversion
Type conversion changes one data type into another. It can be implicit or explicit.
Operators
Operators perform operations on values and variables such as arithmetic, relational, logical,
assignment, and bitwise operators.
2. Control Statements
Introduction
Control statements control the flow of execution in a program.
if Statement
if(age >= 18)
{
[Link]("Eligible");
}
if-else Statement
if(mark >= 40)
{
[Link]("Pass");
}
else
{
[Link]("Fail");
}
switch Statement
switch(day)
{
case 1:
[Link]("Sunday");
break;
}
Loops
Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. Types include for, while, and do-
while loops.
Loop Control Statements
break terminates the loop and continue skips the current iteration.
3. Arrays
Introduction to Arrays
An array stores multiple values of the same data type in a single variable.
Declaration and Initialization
int[] numbers = {1,2,3,4,5};
Multidimensional Arrays
Multidimensional arrays contain rows and columns.
Jagged Arrays
A jagged array is an array of arrays.
Param Arrays
public int Sum(params int[] values)
{
int total = 0;
foreach(int x in values)
total += x;
return total;
}
Array Class
The Array class provides methods such as Sort(), Reverse(), IndexOf(), and Copy().
4. Strings
Introduction to Strings
A string is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotation marks.
Creating String Objects
string name = "Mahesh";
Methods of String Class
Common methods are Length, ToUpper(), ToLower(), Substring(), Replace(), and
Contains().
5. Structures
Introduction to Structures
A structure is a value type used to group related variables.
Defining Structures
struct Student
{
public int id;
public string name;
}
Features of Structures
<br/>• Value type<br/>• Faster memory allocation<br/>• Cannot inherit another structure
Class vs Structure
Class is reference type while structure is value type.
6. Pointers
Introduction to Pointers
Pointers store memory addresses of variables. They are mainly used in unsafe code blocks.
Advantages of Pointers
<br/>• Faster execution<br/>• Direct memory access
Disadvantages of Pointers
<br/>• Complex to use<br/>• Security risks
Pointer Example
unsafe
{
int x = 10;
int* p = &x;
[Link](*p);
}
7. Working with Database
Introduction to Database
A database is an organized collection of related data.
Database Environment Setup
Install SQL Server and Visual Studio to work with databases in C#.
Connecting C# with Database
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("connection_string");
[Link]();
Read and Write Operations
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Student", con);
SqlDataReader dr = [Link]();
Exam Preparation Tips
Practice syntax, revise definitions, understand programs, and focus on database
connectivity.