Chapter one

Introduction to
Emerging Technologies

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OUTLINE

 Evolution of Technologies
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution
 The role of data for emerging technology,
 Enabling devices and networks for technologies
(programmable devices),
 Human to Machine Interaction (HCI) &
 Future trends of technologies
What is Emerging Technologies

 Emerging technology is a term generally

used to describe a new technology,
• But it may also refer to the continuing
development of existing technology;
• New technology that will substantially alter
the business and social environment.
• Is new technology that is currently being
developed or will be developed with in the
next 5 to 10 years.
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Cont.
 It can have slightly different meanings when
used in different areas, such as media,
business, science, or education.
• Emerging technologies include a variety of
technologies such as
Educational technology,
Information technology,
Nanotechnology,
Biotechnology,
Cognitive science, psycho-technology, robotics, and
Artificial intelligence.
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What is the root word of technology and
evolution
 Technology:
◦ Means 1610 "discourse or treatise on an art or
the arts," from Greek tekhnologia
"systematic treatment of an art, craft, or
technique,"
◦ The meaning "science of the mechanical and
industrial arts“ 1859.
 Evolution: from Latin
◦ Evolution means the process of developing by
gradual changes.(step by step).
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Cont.
 Listof some currently available emerged technologies
Artificial Intelligence: creation of intelligent machines
that work and react like humans.
 Block chain : e.g.(cryptocurrency, bitcoin)
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 [Link] (development and operations)
 Internet of Things (I.o.T)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)

 IR was a period of major industrialization and

innovation that took place during the late 1700s
and early 1800s
 It occurs when society shifts from using tools to
make products to use new sources of energy, such
as coal, to power machines in factories.
 manufacturing of goods moved from small shops
and homes to large factories.
 The revolution started in England, with a series
of innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
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Cont.
 The following industrial revolutions(IR)
fundamentally changed and transfer the
world around us into modern society.
The steam engine,
The age of science and mass production,
The rise of digital technology
Smart and autonomous systems fueled
by data and machine learning.

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Cont.

 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial

Revolution
◦ Transportation: The Steam Engine, The
Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
◦ Communication : The Telegraph. The
Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The
Telephone.
◦ Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing
Machine. Electric Lights

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Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)

The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s

before spreading to the rest of Europe.(England Belgium
France and German)
• The four types of industries are:
• The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
• The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
• The tertiary industries provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries. e.g. IT.
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Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

• The IR is described as a transition to new

manufacturing processes 1760.
The transitions in the first IR included going
 From hand production methods to machines,
 The increasing use of steam power
 The development of machine tools and the rise
of the factory system.
 Water and steam-powered machine were
developed

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Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

 Also known as the Technological Revolution,

 Began somewhere in the 1870s.
 Included the development of methods for
manufacturing interchangeable parts
 Began using mass production and assembly
line.
 new technological systems were introduced,
such as electrical power and telephones

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Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
 Began from the late 1950s.
 Introduced the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronics.
 IR 3.0 was given the nickname, “Digital
Revolution”
 The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic
circuits and
 its resulting technologies such as the computer,
hand phones and the Internet.

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Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

• IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the

founder and executive chairman of World
Economic Forum, in the year 2016.
Now with advancements in various technologies
such as robotics IOT additive manufacturing
and autonomous vehicles. These technologies are
called cyber physical system
• A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a
mechanism that is controlled or monitored by
computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated
with the Internet and its users. E.g. AI
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Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and
strategic asset since we are living in the age
of big data,
 And drives or even determines the future
of science, technology, the economy, and
possibly everything in our world today and
tomorrow

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Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
 In the world of digital electronic systems,
there are four basic kinds of devices:
1. Memory : Store random information such as the contents of
a spreadsheet or database.
2. Microprocessors: execute software instructions to
perform a wide variety of tasks such as running a word
processing program or video game. (CPU)
3. Logic devices: provide specific functions, including device-
to-device interfacing, data communication, signal processing,
data display, timing and control operations ……
4. Networks: is a collection of computers, servers,
mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow the sharing of data. E.g.
internet

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Cont.
 Programmable devices usually refer to chips that
incorporate field programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
programmable logic devices (PLD). There are also
devices that are the analog equivalent of these called
field-programmable analog arrays.

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Why is a computer referred to as a programmable
device?
 Because what makes a computer a computer is that it
follows a set of instructions.
 Many electronic devices are computers that perform
only one operation, but they are still following
instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
 Some Programmable devices
• Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-
on-chip (PSoC) family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3 …………….
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Cont.

 A full range of network-related equipment referred to as

Service Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
1. Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and Data service unit
(DSU)
• Those are HW devices and is a digital interface device
used to connect data terminal equipment such as
router to digital circuit such as network.

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Cont.
2. Modems
• Is what bring the internet in to your home or business
• Modem demodulate incoming analog signal into a
digital signal
• Modem modulate out going digital signal into analog
signal

3. Routers
• Is a device that joins network together.
• It deal with IP address
• It routes or passes your internet connection to all of
your device
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Cont.

4. Switches
• Have mac address
• Data directed only to intended port
• Reduce traffic
• Hub and switch are used to exchange data with in
LAN
5. Conferencing equipment
6. Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
7. Hosting equipment and servers
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Human-machine interaction

• HMI: refers to the communication

and interaction between a human
and a machine via a user interface.

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HCI (human-computer interaction)
 HCI is the study of how people interact
with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for
successful interaction with human beings.
 HCI consists of three parts:
 The user,
 The computer itself, and
 The ways they work together.

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How do users interact with
computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the
human input and output such as displays,
e.g. through a graphical user interface.
 The user interacts with the computer over this
software interface using the given input and
output (I/O) hardware.

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How important is human-computer
interaction?
The goal of HCI is:
• To improve the interaction between users
and computers by making computers more
user-friendly and receptive to the user's
needs.
The main advantages of HCI are:
• Simplicity,
• Ease of deployment & operations and
• Cost savings for smaller set-ups.
• They also reduce solution design time and
integration complexity.

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Disciplines Contributing to (HCI)
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information
processing, performance prediction, cooperative
working, and capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics,
technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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Future trends in emerging technology

 Emerging technology trends in 2019

5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Block chain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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.

End of chapter one ???

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