Answer key
Chapter-6
Section-1-Review
1. Classify the following as either a heterogen or homogen mixture and explain your answers.
a. orange juice heterogen b. tap water homogen
2. a. how do you call a solution which conduct electricity? Electrolyte
b. Why salt solution conducts electricity? It has ions
c. Why sugar solution doesnt conduct electricity? It has no ions
3. Drawing the particles in an NaCl solution to show why this solution conducts electricity.
4. Why sugar and water mixture is a solution but sand and water mixture is not a solution.
Sugar water mixture is a solution, because it is homogen
Sand and water mixture is not a solution, because it is not homogen
5. Name the solute and solvent in the following:
a. 14-karat gold ; solvent; gold solute ; copper
b. corn syrup (sherbet) ; solvent; water solute; glucose
c. fizzy drinks ; solvent; water solute; carbon dioxide
Section-2-Review
1. Why sugar dissolve in hot tea faster than cold tea?
Because, increasing temperature increases rate of dissolution
2. a. Explain how you would prepare a saturated solution of sugar in water.
By dissolving maximum amount of sugar
b. How would you then make it a supersaturated solution?
By heating saturated solution, solid will dissolve more than its limit
3. Explain why ethanol will dissolve in water and carbon tetrachloride will not.
Ethanol is polar, but carbon tetrachloride is nonpolar
4. When a solute molecule is combined, is energy released or absorbed?
Energy is released
5. Which of the hot or cold soda has less carbon dioxide, why?
Hot soda. Because increasing temperature decrease solubility of gas
Section-3-Review
1. Mole and volume ratio defined as what? molarity
2. 5.00 grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) dissolved in water to make 1.000 L of solution. What is
the concentration of this solution ? ( C;12, H;1, O;16 )
M = 5/ (12x12 + 22x1 + 11x16 ) = 5/342 = 0.015 M
1
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Chapter-6- review
1-a- is scattering light due to colloids
b- the visibility of a headlight beam on a foggy night is an example of this effect.
2- shine a beam of light through the mixture. If it is a solution no light scattering will be
observed. If it is a colloid, the light will be scattered. A suspension will settle down.
3- a suspension consists of particles that are large enough to be viewed under a microscope.
4- No, a solution is any homogenous mixture and can be, for instance, gas/gas or solid/solid.
5- An electrolyte is a solute that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric
current, and nonelectrolyte is a solute that does not.
6- a- skip
b- the factors that determine the equilibrium point are the nature of the solute, the nature of the
solvent, and the temperature. In the case of a gaseous solution, pressure is also a factor.
7- a- a saturated solution is one that contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute
at solution equilibrium under the existing conditions
b- a residual quantity of undissolved solute remain in contact with a saturated solution.
c. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than does a saturated solution under the
existing conditions.
8. a. The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that is dissolved at solution
equilibrium in a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
b. Temperature and pressure (for gases) must be specified.
9. a. The rule of thumb for predicting solubility is “like dissolves like.”
b. In general, the rule means that polar substances dissolve in polar
solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
10. a. The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its pressure above the liquid.
b. Henry’s law states this relationship.
c. If the pressure above the gas increases, the amount of gas that can dissolve will increase.
d. The soda at room temperature would effervesce more than the cold soda. The gas is less
soluble in the warmer solvent.
11- skip
12- skip
13- skip
14. dissolution and recrystallization.
15. the fact that solute is distributed evenly throughout the solvent
16. mol/L (moles of solute per liter of solution)
17. a. Molarity would be used when it is important to know the number of moles of solute in a
given volume of solution.
b. Molality is preferred when it is important to know the relative numbers of solute and solvent
particles independent of temperature changes.
18. No; the total volume of the solution may be different after the solute is dissolved in the
solvent.
19. a. (1) 106 g/mol
(2) 0.167 M
b. 0.953 M NH4Br
20. a. (1) H2SO4
b. 1140 g
(2) H2O
(3) 343 g
21. 0.143 mol NaOH
22. a. 132.1 g/mol
b. 4.000 M
23. a. to determine the molar mass
of AgNO3
b. 169.9 g/mol
c. 1000 mL
24. a. 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 ⎯→ Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
b. 698 g calcium phosphate and
243 g water
25. 33.3 mL
26. 0.0309 M
27. a. 441 g
b. 126 g
28. a. 342 g b. 0.182 m
29. 0.920 kg
30. 20.2 g