Types of Essays

Opinion Essays
 What is your opinion?
 Do you agree or disagree?
 To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Discussion Essays
 discuss both views and give your opinion (5 paragrpg)
Problem Essays
 discuss the problems or causes and the solutions.
Advantages & Disadvantages Essays
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of………cell phone ………?
 Do the advantages of this outweigh= exceed, be more than the disadvantages?
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion
Double Question Essays
 Do you think wealth is the best measure of success?
What makes a successful person?
Writing criteria:
-You must avoid contractions, e.g. it's, don't ( it is, do not)
-Avoid politics, religions
Type One
Discussion Essays
 discuss both views and give your opinion (5 paragrpg)
5 parag: Introduction (3 Paragraphs: 2 views & your opion), conclusion
1 Inrodu 2& [Link] (2 Pragr, V 1 & V 2) 4. Your Opinion 5. Conclusion
[Link]
1. Hook ( General Sent on the topic) Complex sentence/ not simple/ short one
2. Restate the question/ title using your own words ( Synonyms & paraphrase)
Some people contend that the internet negatively affects teenagers. However, others
are of the opinion that it is highly beneficial for them.
-Explain the two views and express your opinion.
Contend= conceive, teenagers= 13-19 the ones aged 13-19 adolescents, beneficial=
useful
-childhood, Adolescence, adulthood
Adolescents= the ones aged 13-19=teenagers
Represent, symbolize, is considered
Don't , do not
Question (Paraphrase)
A group of people, other people
-The internet is a double-edged weapon. A group of people argue that the internet has a
bad influence on the teenagers= adolescents. On the other hand, other people see it is
very beneficial.

250 words, 300 words

5 prag intro, 2 prag (views), your opinion, conclusion.
 Some people contend that the Internet negatively affects teenagers. However, others
are of the opinion that it is highly beneficial for them. (Question)
Beneficial= useful
First Paragraph (introduction)
The internet has converted our world into a small village (hook). A group of people
firmly believe that the internet has bad influences on adolescents. On the other hand,
other people claim that they tremendously= greatly, immensely, enormously,
extensively benefit from it, either at work or in study.
Parag 2: First opinion
Parag 3: second opinion
Parag 4: your opionion
Parag 5: Conclusion
Do's Don’t's (what to do and what to avoid)
People's opinion: See, think, believe, say (x) firmly believe/ am, is, are, a firm
believer that , claim, state, argue, contend, conceive, reckon, propose, suppose, pose, report
, am, is/ are of the opinion that

Opinion expressions

-What do you think of/ what is your opinion about travelling?

I think, in my opinion

- As far as I can tell, Sentence/ As far as I am concerned, Sentence/ From my own

perspective, From my own point of view, ………………….I firmly believe that……….., I am a firm
believer that………., I am of the opinion that…+ Sentence……, I contend that, I reckon that,

Pragrs (all paragh)

Paragraph organization is, as follows:
Topic sentence( main Support 1, 2, 3 Details and examples
sentence of the parag At least 3 supporting ideas .For example, For instance,
One sentence Transitions To clarify, More precisely,
.Moreover, Furthermore, In In other words, Precisely,
addition, Besides, Concisely, To explain,
Additionally, More
importantly, In addition to
that, Sentence

Paragraph/ TS-S-Ex, S-EX, S-Ex (contents of any parag), concluding sentence for the
prag (Result conjunct, Accordingly, Hanaa is a very bad one on all levels, so no one
may prefer to deal or establish any type of relationship with her.
Concluding sentence (Result conjunctions): Consequently, accordingly, thus, hence,
as a result, as a consequence,

It is claimed that Hanaa is a very bad person (T S). (proof, support) She is completely
stingy person/ miser, close handed/close fisted x generous= open handed= open
fisted. For example, she does not welcome her guests, either at home or work,
warmly in order not to serve them any type of food or drinks. Moreover,
…………………….
Mechanism=method of writing an essay (40 mint)
Pre-W (2 mint), Writing (36 mint), Post-W (2 mint) ( Editing)
-Teenagers= adolescents= the ones aged 13=19
Speaking, writing ( start with the positive aspect)
Positive aspects: facilitate online learning, communication with others, online
shopping
Negative: time consuming, limited effort, acquiring bad aspects
Positive
Communication
Studying and working
gaining info

Negative
Bad habits
Scams
No more communication face to face/ in person

1-Pre-W stage/ 2 m
Supporting ideas
Neg Post/ benefits
Waste time Gain information
isolation Identify the world
Health, back, eyesight, headache, E-learning, learning
Communication
Studying and working

Parag (2) The internet may negatively impact the teenagers (topic sentence).
(Support1) Due to its strong impact, they spend too much time using it. ( De &
examples).To clarify, high school students may be strongly obsessed= hooked with
what is displayed on the internet, so they will show a low performance at school and
get low scores. (Supporting idea 2) In addition, it causes a kind of isolation for
relationships daily when they spend most of their time searching, playing or
establishing relationships online. For instance, some teenagers prefer staying home
searching the internet to going out and sharing realistic activities with their families
or friends. (Supporting idea 3) Moreover, it may cause numerous physical issues for
your body. To explain, some people suffer from eyesight problems and backbone
issues after being online for much time. ( Concluding Sentence) Accordingly, the
internet may definitely destroy the teenagers' life easily and rapidly.
Law/ low

Paragraph 3 (the second view)

 Different opinion

However, other people adopt a contrasting= different view because they claim that
the internet provides the teenagers with several positive aspects (Topic sentence). It
helps them gain more information in a very short time, so it saves their money,
efforts and time (S1). For instance, when they need a piece of information about a
specific topic, they just type it on the search engine, then they will get more than
what they need. S2-Ex. Furthermore, you can search for beneficial pieces of
information that you badly need in your academic study. In other words, in your
studies, you can do your assignments= homework and projects competently=
perfectly= efficiently and share them with your peers. (Supporting idea 3)Moreover,
it helps them communicate with numerous people any time and any where. For
example, there are video chatting applications to enjoy their leisure= free time=
spare time with their friends rather than talking to the ones whom they never know.
(Concluding sentence for the paragraph)Thus, the teenagers should be allowed to
use the internet freely because it provides them with several benefits in all life
aspects.
Paragraph Four (your opinion)
As far as I can tell/ As far as I am concerned, the internet may deteriorate= destroy
the adolescents' life and study if it is used= utilized= deployed= adopted= employed
in a wrong method. However, in some circumstances, it has numerous benefits not
only for teenagers, but for all people, as well. (Neutral opinion) I support both
opinions

Paragraph 5 (conclusion)
-To conclude, restate your introduction ( You say your introduction again using new
words and expressions, but do not mention the two groups) ( no grouping)
To conclude, the internet represents a very important source of information for teenagers,
but it may destroy their life in case they never consider its drawbacks= demerits=
disadvantages.
Introduction
The internet has converted our world into a small village (hook). A group of people
firmly believe that the internet has bad influences on adolescents. On the other hand,
other people claim that they tremendously= greatly, immensely, enormously,
extensively benefit from it, either at work or in study.

-Sentence opener (Transitions)

-No politics, No religion
- No contractions/ it's, it is
Sample Essay
Students who cheat in exams should not be kicked out
because the educational institution is a place for reforming
rather than punishment. (Question)
Don Not Expel Them
Kicking out the students who cheat
Students are taught not to copy other students’
homework or to look at another student’s test. If they do get
caught in these acts of cheating, they will most definitely
fail the assignment. In worse cases, students can be kicked
out of school for cheating. Students who cheat on
assignments or tests should not be expelled from school
which substantially aims to teach them life and educational
lessons.

First, students who cheat should be given a chance to

learn from their
mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes. Humans are not perfect
and go through their whole lives making mistakes.
Furthermore, school is a place for learning. Teachers are not
only responsible for teaching their subject material. They
are also responsible for teaching students how to be good
people. It is important that they teach life lessons because
students spend most of their day in the classroom.
Moreover, if students learn a lesson, they will not repeat the
mistake. For instance, expelling students without teaching
them a lesson makes it likely that they will cheat again.
They have developed a bad habit and have not learned any
other way of getting by. Thus, it would be better to teach
them a lesson.
Another reason is that getting expelled will ruin the
student’s life. He may have trouble getting into another
school. This could result in his not being able to graduate or
get a degree since other schools will not want to accept him.
The student could also have trouble getting a job. If a
person isn’t able to get a degree, he can’t get a good-paying
job. If he continues cheating throughout life because he
didn’t learn the lesson not to, he may cheat in his work too,
making employers not want to hire him. A person who is
expelled from school will probably have other problems too.
His self-worth will suffer, and he will see himself as a failure.
As a result, he may have trouble in relationships or have
emotional problems. It is not worth ruining someone’s life
for making a mistake.
Finally, the seriousness of cheating is not the same in all
cultures. Americans value individualism and honesty.
Children are taught from a young age to work hard and do
their own work. Even though some American children still
cheat in school, it’s a very embarrassing and shameful thing
to be caught cheating. That makes most American students
not interested in cheating. Not all cultures share this
attitude about cheating. In some countries, students are
taught to help each other and not to be too proud. It is
common for classmates to share answers with each other
and not get in trouble for it. It is not fair to punish students
from other countries when they cheat in American
classrooms. They may not know the American value of doing
one’s own work, or they may not even be aware of it.
Because there are different views on cheating, students
should not be expelled for making this mistake.
To conclude, expelling a student for making a mistake in
class doesn’t help the student learn. It only leads to more
problems in the student’s life. Instead of expulsion,
students should be taught the correct way to do their
assignments and encouraged to value the reward of doing
their own work.

Color Key
Title
Thesis statement (introduction)
Topic sentences
Supporting Ideas
Details and examples
Conclusion sentence
Conclusion paragraph

Assignment One (Saturday Evening)

 2. Advantages & Disadvantages
Four paragraphs
Parag one: Introduction
Parag 2: Advantages
Parag 3: Disadvantages
Parag 4: conclusion
-What are the adavnt and dis? (4 parag)
-Hit a balance between the two aspects (advan and disadva)
--Four to five supporting ideas for each aspect
Household chores= housework
Hesitant=reluctant, hesitate, motor skill
Merits=demerits, pros & cons (speaking), drawbacks= downsides,
positive, negative aspects, ,
The costs of international travel are decreasing and tourism is
growing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of increasing
tourism activity in different countries. (Question)
Decrease= minimize= reduce=lessen x increase= grow= maximize= raise
Pre w (write supporting ideas), Writing Stage, Post writing (Edit or
review your essay)
4 Supporting ideas for advantages of increasing tourism
4 supporting ideas for disadvantages of increasing tourism

Advantages

Establish relationships new people from all over the world

Raise the national income of the country
job Opportunities
Disadvantages

Make places more crowded with people

Reduce the chance for the local people to set up small projects
Mic:
Adv: income, job opp, popularity
Dis:
Crowdedness, traffic congestion, pollution
Pros and cons (speaking)
Positive
Learn new habits
Numerous friendships
Preserve culture and heritage

Negative
Pollution & Waste materials
Congestion/ crowdedness, espe in tourist places
Prices increase/ adopting bad habits and behaviors
The costs of international travel are decreasing and tourism is growing.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of increasing tourism
activity in different countries. ((Question)

Parag one: introduction

-----Travelling abroad is an amazing= outstanding and highly beneficial/
fabulous/ stunning/ magnificent activity (hook). Currently, it is affordable
for many persons. Thus, tourism industry has raised in many countries/
throughout the word/ worldwide. This activity/ attitude/ phenomenon
has numerous= many positive and negative aspects that will be
addressed/ covered/ tackled as follows. (Intro)
Attitude
Advantages: Increase of the income, treating with different races, learn
about different traditions
Disadvantages: negative impact on the local people, pollution,
congestion
Racism, segregation, apartheid, racial discrimination
Racial, racist, discriminate= segregate
Drawbacks=disadvantages
Examples ( countries)
Post Neg
High rate of employment Pollution
Economi ind & hard currency Congestion
Renovate/ conserve ancient places Bad habits

Positives Increasing employment Increasing economic indicators /

foreign currency/ people income Attractive building / renovate/
conserve ancient places
Negatives Environmental pollution, smokers, different types of means of
transport, emit exhaust gases, fumes / they cause overcrowdednes
Traffic jam= traffic congestion
Negatively affect our customs / variety bad habits / damaging our
infrastructure . / building /
Pollution, air, water, noise
( green forms of transport, green energy), environmentally friendly
sources, sources kinder to the environment= sources that never pollute
the environment
4 Paragraphs. A bit long

Parag 2 Advantages:
Tourism activity has several benefits that are substantial= main for the
community and the individuals ( Topic sentence). S Example
First,………………………………………………./ details……………..
Another positive aspect is………………………../ ex
A third and very fruitful effect/side is (3Supports)
Moreover, …………………………./ Furthermore,……………………………………
Concluding sentence:
-Hence, tourism has diverse positive sides that could be beneficial for
both local people and tourists.
- Thus, the rise in tourism activity has provided different countries with
various positive aspects.
Paragraph 3: Disadvantages
On the other hand/However, the same industry has some drawbacks.
First, ………S Ex………… Another worrying= negative point is ………S
Es……………………….. A third negative side is that………S ex……………………
Paragh Four: conclusion
To conclude: Restate your introduction

Chaos=anarchy=disorder, mess,
Miss, mass, maths, mis (prefix) misunderstanding, misbehavior,
misconception, Ms
Marital status= social status
Mismanagement, malnutrition
Example
Assignment 2 ( Due: Saturday Evening 6 p.m.)

B.
Private tuition= private lessons
Tutor
Merits: More concentration & comprehension, fewer number of the
learners, rapport between the teacher and the student
Demerits/ Drawbacks: little participation with others, high cost, time and
effort consuming , burden for both parents, load

Tutors, hard currency, payment in dollars/ screaming and complaining

The teachers lack professionalism, outrageous, no one is on the top of
this, censorship, greedy
Commute / commuting
District/ city
Make fun of me= mock me= sneer at me
Advantage
Improve their performance
Assimilating their studies
Build more learning skills
Negative
Wasting money and time
More pressure and stress
Catching infectious diseases because of congestion