Python Libraries

• Frequently used modules are generally

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known as libraries which contain code for
general purpose.

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• These libraries are the collection of methods,
classes which can be used easily.

components. -
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• Python program is made using 3 different

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– Library or package
– Module
– Functions/sub-modules

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Relation Between Python Libraries, Module
and Package
• A module is a file containing
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python definition,
variables, classes and statements.
functions,

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The extension of this file is “.py”.
• While Python package,
a r is
directory(folder)
modules.
of

x c python

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• A library is collection of many
packages in python. Generally
there is no difference between
python package and python
library. Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur
 Module in Python
• A module is a file containing python definition,
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functions, variables, classes and statements. The
extension of this file is “.py”.
• The name of module is the name of .py file e.g. in
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[Link] the module name is math. And _name_
variable is used to store this module.
• Advantages–

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– Its biggest advantage is that we can import its functionality in
any program and use it.

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– Reusability is one of the biggest advantages.
– It helps in logically organization of Python code.
– Programming becomes very easy when we use the collection of
same types of codes.
– Categorization : same attributes can be stored in one module.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Processing of import <module> command
occur -

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• When you run the import <module> command then the following things

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1. Imported module’s code gets executed after interpretation.
2. All the programs and variables of imported module are present in the
program.

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3. A namespace setup is created for the imported module in the name of
module.

command
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Processing of from <module> import <object>

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• When you run the from<module> import <object> command then the
following things occur -
1. Imported module’s code gets executed after interpretation.
2. Only asked programs and variables of imported module are present in

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the program.
3. No namespace is created. Import objects of module are attached to
current namespace.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 How to Make modules in Python?
• To make a module in python you have to make a .py file
which has a name. Suppose we make a file “[Link]”.
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• Then we write different functions of area within it.

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• And we put it within same folder where our program is stored.

a r This is module.

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N e Output
We used the module in our program
by using import keyword. To use the
members of module we use (.) as
shown in the example.
Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur
 How to Make modules in Python?
• Using from <module> import <function_name>

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i n n
a r This is module.

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N eOutput
By using “from shape import AreaCircle
“only AreaCircle function is imported
and to call this there is no need to use
(.) operator.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Namespaces in Python

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• We imported a module in to a program which was referred
as a namespace.

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• To define a Namespace it is necessary to define its name.
• Python name is a kind of identifier which we use to access

object.

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any python object. And in Python each and everything is an

• Namespaces is used to separate the different sections of a

program.

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• Python has 3 types of namespaces -
– Global
– Local

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– Built-in

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Namespaces in Python. .

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• This is just like variable scope in Python.
• When we start interpreter Then a namespace is
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created in which print( ) and id( ) etc. are already
exist. This holds all the built-in name.

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• Each module creates its own global namespace.
• When we call a function then a local python

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namespace is created where all the names of
functions are exist.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Resolving the scope of a name
• For every name reference python always follows name
resolution rule when you access varaibles from any
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program or function.
• This is known as LEGB rule . Following works are
done when this rule is followed -
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available then it will be used. r
– First variable is checked in Local Environment, and if it is

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– Then variable is checked in Enclosing Environment, and if it is
available then it will be used.

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– Then variable is checked in Global Environment, and if it is

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available then it will be used.
– Then variable is checked in Built-in Environment, and if it is
available then it will be used.
– Other wise Python will generate an error.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Module Aliasing in Python
• When you import module in Python program then we have to
use the following syntax to make alia name of module -
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import <ModuleName> as <AliaName>

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• Then we use (.) operator to use the members of the module

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with alia name of module. Example is given below -
This is module.

x c Creating and Using the Alia Name of

e
Module with in a program.

N Output

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Module Aliasing in Python
• When you import member of any module with alia name then
you have to use the following syntax -
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from <ModuleName> import <MemberName> as <AliaName>

i n n This is module.

a r Creating and using of alia name of

c
member of module.

e x
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Output

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 PACKAGE / LIBRARY

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• Python Package is the collection of same type of modules.
• You can use built in package as well as your own package.
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that directory.

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• Python Package is a simple directory. Modules are stored in

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• Package or library are generally same.
• Steps to make a package is as follows – (geometry)

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1. We create a folder (directory) named geometry which will contain
two files [Link] and [Link]

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2. In the same directory we will put another file named “__init__.py”

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3. __init__.py is necessary because this is the file which tells Python
that directory is package. And this file initializes the package

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4. Then we import the package and use the content.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Making PACKAGE / LIBRARY

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This is the folder

i n n which will be our

package.

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This is __init__.py file
which is made directly

a
by saving from python
IDLE
Here the Package is used.

x c These are the

modules which are
the members of the

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Output

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Locating The Module
• When we import a module then interpreter of
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python searches the module in the following
sequence –

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1. First current directory

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2. If module not found then it will be searched in

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shell variable PYTHONPAT.
3. If not found anywhere then python searches in

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default. Default path is the path where Python
is installed.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Standard Python Libraries
• In last chapter we discussed about math and string
module. Same way we will discuss two more
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module.
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important libraries. - datetime library या datetime

tow important classes -

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• Python supports yyyy-mm-dd format for date. It has

– date class
x c – time class
•
•
•
•
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today ( )
year( )
month ( )
day ( )
•
•
•
•
now ( )
hour ( )
minute ( )
second ( )

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur

 Standard Python Libraries
Date Class Time Class

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i n n
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N e Passing arguments in Time Class.

Neha Tyagi, KV No-5 Jaipur