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Sorting Algorithm

The document provides an overview of various sorting algorithms including Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort, Counting Sort, and Radix Sort, detailing their stability, time and space complexities. It also covers heap operations such as MAX-HEAPIFY, BUILD-MAX-HEAP, and priority queue functions like HEAP-MAXIMUM and HEAP-EXTRACT-MAX. Additionally, it mentions the time complexity for Binary Search.

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mohamed fawzy
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5 views8 pages

Sorting Algorithm

The document provides an overview of various sorting algorithms including Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort, Counting Sort, and Radix Sort, detailing their stability, time and space complexities. It also covers heap operations such as MAX-HEAPIFY, BUILD-MAX-HEAP, and priority queue functions like HEAP-MAXIMUM and HEAP-EXTRACT-MAX. Additionally, it mentions the time complexity for Binary Search.

Uploaded by

mohamed fawzy
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Insertion Sort

Stable
In-place
• Time complexity Ω(n), Ѳ (𝒏𝟐 ), O (𝒏𝟐 )
• Space complexity O(1).

INSERTION-SORT(A)
1 for j  2 to length [A]
2 do key  A[ j]
3  Insert A[j] into the sortted sequence A[1,..., j-1].
4 i j–1
5 while i > 0 and A[i] > key
6 do A[i+1]  A[i]
7 ii–1
8 A[i +1]  key
Merge Sort
Stable
Out-place
• Time complexity Ω(nlogn), Ѳ (nlogn), O (𝒏𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒏)
• Space complexity O(n).

Merge(A, p, q, r)
1. n1  q – p + 1
2. n2  r – q
3 for i  1 to n1
4 do L[i]  A[p + i – 1]
5 for j  1 to n2
6 do R[j]  A[q + j]
7 L[n1+1]  
8 R[n2+1]  
9 i1
10 j  1
11 for k p to r
12 do if L[i]  R[j]
13 then A[k]  L[i]
14 ii+1
15 else A[k]  R[j]
16 jj+1
MAX_HEAPIFY
• Time complexity O(lgn) or O(h)

MAX‐HEAPIFY(A, i)
1. l ← LEFT(i)
2. r ← RIGHT(i)
3. if l ≤ heap‐size[A] and A[l] > A[i]
4. then largest ← l
5. else largest ← i
6. if r ≤ heap‐size[A] and a[r] > A[largest]
7. then largest ← r
8. if largest ≠ i
9. then exchange A[i] A[largest]
10. MAX‐HEAPIFY (A, largest)

Build max heap


• Time complexity O(n)
• O(nlgn) is not asymptotically tight.

BUILD‐MAX‐HEAP(A)
1. heap‐size[A] ← length[A]
2. for i ← ⌊length[A]/2⌋ downto 1
3. do MAX‐HEAPIFY(A,i)

Heap sort
Not Stable
In-place
• Time complexity Ω(nlogn), Ѳ (nlogn), O (𝒏𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒏)
• Space complexity O(1).

HEAPSORT(A)
1. BUILD‐MAX‐HEAP(A)
2. for i ← length[A] downto 2
3. do exchange A[1] A[i]
4. heap‐size[A] ← heap‐size[A] −1
5. MAX‐HEAPIFY(A, 1)

Priority Queue
HEAP‐MAXIMUM(A)
1. return A[1]

The running time of HEAP‐MAXIMUM is Θ(1).


HEAP‐EXTRACT‐MAX(A)
1. if heap‐size[A] < 1
2. then error “heap underflow”
3. max ← A[1]
4. A[1] ← A[heap‐size[A]]
5. heap‐size[A] ← heap‐size[A]−1
6. MAX‐HEAPIFY(A, 1)
7. return max

The running time of HEAP‐EXTRACT‐MAX is


O(lgn).
HEAP‐INCREASE‐KEY (A, i, key)
1. if key < A[i]
2. then error “new key is smaller thean current key”
3. A[i] ← key
4. While i > 1 and A[PARENT(i)] < A[i]
5. do exchange A[i] A[PARENT(i)]
6. i ← PARENT(i)

The running time is O(lgn).


MAX‐HEAP‐INSERT(A)
1. heap‐size[A] ← heap‐size[A]+1
2. A[heap‐size[A] ←
3. HEAP‐INCREASE‐KEY(A, heap‐size[A], key)
The running time is O(lgn).
Counting sort
Stable
Out-place
• Time complexity O (𝒏 + 𝒓)
• Space complexity O(n+r).

Radix sort
Stable
Out-place
• Time complexity O (𝒏 ∗ 𝒌/𝒅)
• Space complexity O(n+2^d).
Binary Search
• Time complexity O (logn)
• Space complexity O(1).

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