1.
Narco-Analysis Test
Introduction:
This concerns violation of Articles 20(3) and 21 due to forced narco-analysis.
Issues:
Whether it violates self-incrimination
Whether it violates personal liberty
Law:
Article 20(3) prohibits compelled testimony. Article 21 protects dignity and mental autonomy.
In Selvi v. State of Karnataka, forced narco-analysis was held unconstitutional.
Application:
The accused was forcibly administered drugs to extract information, destroying free will and mental
privacy.
Conclusion:
The test is unconstitutional; the wife’s petition is maintainable.
🟦 2. Land Acquisition (Low Compensation)
Introduction:
Issue relates to Article 21 and property rights.
Issues:
Whether low compensation violates Article 21
Law:
Article 300A governs property.
In K.T. Plantation v. State of Karnataka, compensation need not be equal to market value.
Application:
Land was acquired legally for public purpose; only adequacy is challenged.
Conclusion:
Petitioner fails; remedy lies under statute, not Article 21.
🟦 3. Free Speech & Multiple Cases
Introduction:
Article 19(1)(a)- freedom of speech and expression.
Article 19(2) – Reasonable Restrictions Permissible only on grounds of : Public order, decency or
morality, defemation , incitement to offence
Artcle 226 – Power of HC . To prevent Abuse of process, violation of FR, Multiplicity of proceedings.
Issues:
Whether speech is protected
Whether multiple cases are valid
Law:
In S. Khushboo v. Kanniammal(2010), moral views are protected.
Application:
Statement is opinion; multiple prosecutions cause harassment.
Conclusion:
Cases will be quashed; petitioner succeeds.
🟦 4. 12-Year Detention Without Trial
Introduction:
Violation of Article 21 (speedy trial).
Law:
In Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, speedy trial is a fundamental right.
Application:
12-year detention without trial is grossly illegal.
Conclusion:
Petition succeeds; compensation granted.
🟦 5. Extradition & Death Row
Introduction:
Issue under Article 3 ECHR.
Law:
In Soering v. United Kingdom, death row phenomenon violates human rights.
Application:
Extradition exposes accused to mental suffering.
Conclusion:
Extradition barred without assurances.
🟦 6. Special Court Procedure
Introduction:
Concerns Articles 14 and 21.
Law:
In Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, special procedures are valid if fair.
Application:
No unfairness shown in procedure.
Conclusion:
Challenge fails.
🟦 7. Law Clerk Eligibility
Introduction:
Issue under Article 14.
Law:
In State of J&K v. Triloki Nath Khosa, reasonable classification is valid.
Application:
Restriction ensures quality and uniform standards.
Conclusion:
Petitioner fails.
🟦 8. Civil Imprisonment for Debt
Introduction:
Article 21 and human dignity.
Law:
In Jolly George Varghese v. Bank of Cochin, poverty cannot justify imprisonment.
Application:
No proof of wilful default.
Conclusion:
Detention invalid; petitioner succeeds.
🟦 9. Custodial Death
Introduction:
Grave violation of Article 21.
Law:
In D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, custodial violence violates fundamental rights.
Application:
Death in police custody with no investigation.
Conclusion:
State liable; compensation awarded.
🟦 10. Chakma Refugees
Introduction:
Refugee protection under Article 21.
Law:
In NHRC v. State of Arunachal Pradesh, refugees are protected.
Application:
Forced expulsion threatens life.
Conclusion:
Expulsion barred; petition succeeds.
🟦 11. Foreigner Overstay
Introduction:
Issue under Foreigners Act.
Law:
In Hans Muller v. Superintendent Presidency Jail, no right to stay in India.
Application:
Overstay = illegal presence.
Conclusion:
Petitioner fails.
🟦 12. Indigenous Eviction
Introduction:
Article 21 and cultural rights.
Law:
In Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh, tribal rights must be protected.
Application:
Eviction without consent destroys culture.
Conclusion:
Eviction invalid; petition succeeds.
🟦 13. Illegal Detention After Release
Introduction:
Violation of Article 21.
Law:
In Bhim Singh v. State of J&K, compensation for illegal detention.
Application:
Detention continued after court order.
Conclusion:
Habeas corpus allowed; compensation granted.
🟦 14. Mass Copying Exam
Introduction:
Natural justice vs academic discipline.
Law:
In Bihar School Examination Board v. Subhas Chandra Sinha, no hearing needed in mass copying.
Application:
Collective malpractice → collective action.
Conclusion:
Cancellation valid.
🟦 15. Legislative Privilege
Introduction:
Balance between privilege and rights.
Law:
In Keshav Singh Reference Case, judicial review allowed.
Application:
Warrant can be challenged on limited grounds.
Conclusion:
Challenge maintainable partially.
🟦 16. Emergency Medical Care
Introduction:
Right to life under Article 21.
Law:
In Parmanand Katara v. Union of India, treatment cannot be denied.
Application:
Doctor delayed treatment → death.
Conclusion:
Violation established; compensation granted.
🟦 17. Child Labour (Match Factory)
Introduction:
Article 24 violation.
Law:
In M.C. Mehta v. State of Tamil Nadu, child labour in hazardous industries prohibited.
Application:
Children employed in hazardous factory.
Conclusion:
Closure valid.