Ultimate Math & IQ Formula Guide
Comprehensive Handbook for Competitive Exams and School (Class 9-10)
1. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages
Easy Method: Think of the "Language Switch". To go from Decimal to %: Move point 2
places RIGHT. To go from % to Decimal: Move point 2 places LEFT.
Example 1: Fraction to Percent
Convert 3/4. Divide 3 by 4 = 0.75. Move point twice: 75%.
Example 2: Percent of a Number
Find 20% of 150. 0.20 × 150 = 30.
Example 3: Decimal to Fraction
0.125. Since there are 3 decimal places, it's 125/1000. Simplified: 1/8.
2. Ratio & Proportion
Direct: One up, other up (Divide: x/y = k).
Inverse: One up, other down (Multiply: x × y = k).
Example 1 (Direct):
5 pens cost $15. How much for 8 pens? 15/5 = 3 per pen. 8 × 3 = $24.
Example 2 (Inverse):
4 workers build a wall in 6 days. How many days for 8 workers? 4 × 6 = 24 total units.
24 / 8 = 3 days.
Example 3 (Ratio):
Divide 100 in ratio 2:3. Total parts = 5. One part = 20. Shares: 40 and 60.
3. Basic Algebra (Identities & Equations)
Linear: Isolate the variable (what you do to one side, do to the other).
Factoring: Find numbers that multiply to C and add to B.
Example 1:
3x + 5 = 20. Subtract 5: 3x = 15. Divide by 3: x = 5.
Example 2 (Identity):
(a+b)² = a² + 2ab + b². Expand (x+3)²: x² + 6x + 9.
Example 3:
a² - b² = (a-b)(a+b). Factor x² - 16: (x-4)(x+4).
4. Geometry (Area, Perimeter, Volume)
Shape Perimeter / CSA Area / TSA Volume
Circle 2πr πr² -
Cylinder 2πrh 2πr(h+r) πr²h
Sphere - 4πr² 4/3 πr³
Ex 1:
Radius 7. Area = 22/7 × 7 × 7 = 154.
Ex 2:
Cube side 4. Volume = 4³ = 64.
Ex 3:
Triangle base 10, height 5. Area = 1/2 × 10 × 5 = 25.
5. Speed, Distance and Time
Triangle Rule: D on top, S and T on bottom. D = S × T; S = D/T.
Ex 1:
120km in 2 hours. Speed = 120/2 = 60 km/h.
Ex 2:
At 50 km/h for 3 hours. Distance = 50 × 3 = 150 km.
Ex 3 (Conversion):
72 km/h to m/s. Multiply by 5/18. 72 × 5/18 = 20 m/s.
6. LCM and HCF (Prime Factorization)
Break numbers into prime factors (2, 3, 5...). HCF: Common factors with SMALLEST
powers. LCM: All factors with BIGGEST powers.
Example 1:
12 (2²×3) and 18 (2×3²). HCF = 2×3 = 6. LCM = 2²×3² = 36.
Example 2:
HCF of 20, 30. Common: 2 and 5. 2×5 = 10.
Example 3:
LCM of 8, 12. 8=2³, 12=2²×3. LCM = 2³×3 = 24.
7. Powers, Roots and Indices
Multiplication (add powers), Division (subtract), Power to Power (multiply).
Ex 1:
x² × x³ = x⁵.
Ex 2:
(5²)³ = 5⁶.
Ex 3:
√144 = 12; ∛27 = 3.
8. Number Series
Look for Difference (+), Ratio (×), or Squares/Cubes.
Arithmetic:
2, 5, 8, 11... (Add 3) Next is 14.
Geometric:
3, 6, 12, 24... (Multiply 2) Next is 48.
Mixed:
1, 4, 9, 16... (Squares) Next is 25.
9. Word Problems (Ages, Money, Work)
Age:
A is 3x older than B. In 5 years sum is 50. (3x+5) + (x+5) = 50 → 4x = 40 → x=10.
Work:
A does work in 10 days, B in 15. Together? 1/10 + 1/15 = 1/6. Answer: 6 days.
Money:
SP = 120, Profit = 20%. CP = 120 / 1.2 = 100.
10. Letter Coding (IQ-Math)
Memorize EJOTY: E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25.
Ex 1:
CAT = 3+1+20 = 24. Find DOG. 4+15+7 = 26.
Ex 2:
If A=1, B=2, then Z=26.
Ex 3 (Shift):
COLD → DPME (Each letter +1).
11. Trigonometry (All Key Formulas)
SOH CAH TOA
sin θ = O/H, cos θ = A/H, tan θ = O/A
Identities: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1; 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
Ex 1:
If sin θ = 3/5, then cosec θ = 5/3.
Ex 2:
Value of sin 30° = 1/2, cos 60° = 1/2.
Ex 3:
Simplify tan θ × cos θ. It is (sin/cos) × cos = sin θ.
12. Class 9 & 10 Advanced Formulas
Statistics: Mean = Σfx/Σf. 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean.
Coordinate Geo: Distance d = √[(x₂-x₁)² + (y₂-y₁)²].
Arithmetic Progression: aₙ = a + (n-1)d.
Ex 1 (AP):
Find 10th term of 2, 4, 6... 2 + (9)2 = 20.
Ex 2 (Distance):
Between (0,0) and (3,4). √(3²+4²) = 5.
Ex 3 (Quadratic):
x = [-b ± √(b²-4ac)] / 2a.
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