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Polymer Total Notes

The document discusses the molecular weight of polymers and the preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which are essential for synthesizing polymers from 1-alkenes. These catalysts typically consist of transition metal halides and organometallic compounds, with a common example being titanium tetrachloride and trimethylaluminum. The mechanism involves coordination polymerizations that lead to the formation of long polymer chains through the insertion of monomers and culminate in the production of 'dead' polymers.

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6 views41 pages

Polymer Total Notes

The document discusses the molecular weight of polymers and the preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which are essential for synthesizing polymers from 1-alkenes. These catalysts typically consist of transition metal halides and organometallic compounds, with a common example being titanium tetrachloride and trimethylaluminum. The mechanism involves coordination polymerizations that lead to the formation of long polymer chains through the insertion of monomers and culminate in the production of 'dead' polymers.

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temprd5007
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Plastic

Concept of Molecular weight of polymer

There are two ways to measure the molecular weight of polymer


Ziegler–Natta catalyst is a type of catalyst made from a mixture of chemical compounds that
are mainly used in the synthesis of polymers belonging to 1-alkenes such as alpha-olefins
which are hydrocarbons containing a double carbon-carbon bond.
Preparation Of Ziegler-Natta Catalyst
The Ziegler-Natta catalysts today usually contain many mixtures of halides belonging to
transition metals like titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium and organic derivatives of
non-transition metals especially that of alkyl aluminium compounds.
To prepare or obtain Ziegler-Natta catalysts, transition metal halides belonging to groups IV-
VIII are generally reacted with organometallic compounds that belong to groups I – III in the
modern periodic table. One common example is a mixture of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4)
and trimethylaluminum (Al(C2H5)3). The catalysts have been proven to be very useful.
Mechanism Of Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
The Ziegler-Natta catalyst involves reactions that are seen in coordination polymerisations
which generally include complexes that are formed between a transition metal and the π
electrons of a monomer. Polymerisation usually takes place by the insertion of monomers
where the transition metal ions are attached to the end of the growing chain. The incoming
monomers are simultaneously coordinated at vacant orbital sites, and there is a formation
of long polymer chains. The C=C bond is also inserted into the Ti−C bond at the active
centre. The chain-growth polymerisation finally enters into the final termination step where
“dead” polymers (desired product) are formed. These reactions also resemble anionic
polymerisation that leads to the formation of linear and stereo-regular polymers.

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