PZz_© †kÖwY ● cÖv_wgK weÁvb ● Aa¨vqwfwËK Abykxjbxi mgvavb

Aa¨vq—1: Rx‡ei e„w× I cÖRbb

1. ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv˜Mg
exR †_‡K bZzb PvivMvQ Rb¥v‡bvi cÖwµqvB n‡jv A¼z‡iv˜Mg| Dw™¢‡`i cÖRb‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc n‡jv A¼z‡iv˜Mg|
 Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bv I †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Kx Kx cÖ‡qvRb?
 KvR: ex‡Ri A¼z‡iv˜Mg cix¶v
1. wb‡Pi QwewU fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kwi Ges QKwU c~iY Kwi
†Qvjv exR Kx n‡jv †Kb n‡jv
exR 1 A¼zwiZ nqwb cvwbi Dc‡i _vKvq ïay Av‡jv-evZvm †c‡q‡Q, cvwb cvqwb|
exR 2 A¼zwiZ n‡q‡Q cvwb Ges Av‡jv-evZv‡mi ms¯ú‡k© †_‡K‡Q|
exR 3 A¼zwiZ nqwb cvwbi wb‡P _vKvq ïay cvwb †c‡q‡Q, †Kv‡bv Av‡jv-evZvm cvqwb|
2. c~iY Kiv QKwU cv‡ki mncvVxi mv‡_ wgwj‡q wbB| exKv‡i cvwb wb‡q KvRwU wb‡RivI Kwi|
we‡kl `ªóe¨: wk¶v_©xiv GB KvRwU †kÖwYwk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq Ki‡e|
🗹 †evSv †M‡jv- Dw™¢` Rb¥v‡bv (A¼z‡iv˜Mg) I †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑZvc, Av‡jv, evZvm (Aw·‡Rb) I cvwb|
GB PviwUi †Kv‡bv GKwU bv _vK‡j exR wVKg‡Zv A¼zwiZ nq bv Ges Dw™¢`I fv‡jvfv‡e euvP‡Z cv‡i bv|

2. Dw™¢‡`i e„w×
Dw™¢‡`i †eu‡P _vKv I e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó I kw³ Lv`¨ †_‡K Av‡m| Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Dw™¢` ax‡i ax‡i †Qv‡Uv
†_‡K e‡ov nq| Dw™¢` wb‡Ri Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb cwi‡ek †_‡K msMÖn K‡i|
 Dw™¢‡`i e„w×i Rb¨ Kx Kx cÖ‡qvRb?
 KvR: Dw™¢‡`i e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb Lyu‡R †ei Kiv
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
1| PvivMvQmn wZbwU Ue ˆZwi Kwi|
2| wb‡P †`Lv‡bv wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i Ue wZbwU mvRvB| Ue -1 Ges Ue -2 m~‡h©i Av‡jv‡Z ivwL| Ue-3 Kv‡Vi ev †gvUv
KvM‡Ri ˆZwi ev‡·i mvnv‡h¨ †X‡K w`B|
3| Ue-1 e¨ZxZ Ue-2 Ges Ue-3-G cÖwZw`b cvwb w`B|
4| K‡qK mßvn ci wZbwU U‡ei PvivMv‡Qi e„w×i Zzjbv Kwi|
Ue Dcv`vb ch©‡e¶Y †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨
1 m~‡h©i Av‡jv I evqy Av‡Q cvwb bv cvIqvq MvQ fv‡jvfv‡e ev‡owb| cvZv ïwK‡q †M‡Q, MvQ `ye©j n‡q
†M‡Q|
2 m~‡h©i Av‡jv, evqy I cvwb meB m~‡h©i Av‡jv, evqy I cvwb meB cvIqvq MvQwU fv‡jvfv‡e †e‡o‡Q, meyR I
Av‡Q m‡ZR Av‡Q, bZzb cvZv †ei n‡q‡Q|
3 m~‡h©i Av‡jv †bB wKš‘ evqy I ev·e›`x _vKvq m~‡h©i Av‡jv †bB, wKš‘ evqy I cvwb Av‡Q| d‡j MvQ j¤^v
cvwb Av‡Q n‡jI `ye©j, cvZv¸‡jv d¨vKv‡k/nj‡`‡U n‡q †M‡Q|
5| KvR †k‡l hv †cjvg Dc‡ii Q‡K wjwL|
ch©‡eÿ‡Yi Z_¨ Dc‡ii Q‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq‡Q|
6| KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
Av‡jvPbv: Avgiv wZbwU U‡ei MvQ †`‡L Zzjbv K‡iwQ| Ue-2 †Z m~‡h©i Av‡jv, evqy I cvwb me wQj e‡j MvQ me‡P‡q
fv‡jv †e‡o‡Q Ges m‡ZR wQj| Ue-1 G cvwb bv _vKvq MvQ ïwK‡q `ye©j n‡q †M‡Q| Ue-3 G cvwb I evqy _vK‡jI
m~‡h©i Av‡jv bv _vKvq MvQ d¨vKv‡k I `ye©j n‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv wm×v‡šÍ †cŠuQvjvg †h Dw™¢` fv‡jvfv‡e euvP‡Z I
evo‡Z m~‡h©i Av‡jv, cvwb Ges evqyÑmeB cÖ‡qvRb|
7| Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l wb‡Pi cÖkwœ Ui DËi wjwL|
Dw™¢‡`i e„w×i Rb¨ Kx Kx Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb?
 Dw™¢‡`i e„w×i Rb¨ K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZ, m~‡h©i Av‡jv `iKvi, KviY Dw™¢` m~‡h©i Av‡jv
e¨envi K‡i wb‡Ri Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i (GUvB Dw™¢‡`i †eu‡P _vKv I eo nIqvi cÖavb KviY)| wØZxqZ, evqy
cÖ‡qvRbÑevqy †_‡K Dw™¢` Kve©b WvB-A·vBW †bq Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨ Ges Aw·‡Rb cvq k¦vm-cÖkv¦ ‡mi Kv‡R|
Z…ZxqZ, cvwb Lye Riæwi; cvwb bv _vK‡j MvQ ïwK‡q hvq, Avevi cvwb Mv‡Qi †`‡n Lv`¨ I LwbR c`v_© enb Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges MvQ‡K m‡ZR iv‡L| PZz_©Z, Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ gvwU cÖ‡qvRb, KviY gvwU MvQ‡K wfZ w`‡q a‡i iv‡L
Ges gvwU †_‡K Dw™¢` cywó/LwbR jeY (†hgb bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm BZ¨vw`) msMÖn K‡i, hv Mv‡Qi e„w× I bZzb
cvZv-Wvj MV‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB Dw™¢` fv‡jvfv‡e eo n‡Z n‡j Av‡jv, evqy, cvwb Ges gvwU (cywó)ÑGB me
Dcv`vb GKmv‡_ cÖ‡qvRb|

3. mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i dzj, dj I exR

Avgiv Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z †R‡bwQ wKQz Dw™¢‡`i dzj I dj nq bv| Giv n‡jv Acy®úK Dw™¢`| Avevi wKQz Dw™¢‡`i dzj I
dj nq| G‡`i mcy®úK Dw™¢` ejv nq| mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i dzj n‡Z dj I exR nq|
 dzj I d‡ji Ask¸‡jv Kx Kx?
dzj GK ai‡bi iƒcvšÍwiZ cvZv| Avgv‡`i evwo I we`¨vj‡qi Av‡kcv‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi dzj †dv‡U| G¸‡jv wewfbœ
e‡Y©i n‡q _v‡K| †hgb- jvj, mv`v, njy`, †e¸wb BZ¨vw`| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv dz‡j myMÜ _v‡K|
P‡jv, Avgiv dz‡ji Kx Kx Ask Av‡Q, Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
 KvR: dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y I G‡`i KvR wPwýZ Kiv
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
1| GKwU dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask ch©‡e¶Y Kwi| LvZvq dzjwUi Qwe AuvwK|
2| LvZvq AuvKv dz‡ji Qwei mv‡_ wk¶‡Ki †`Lv‡bv dzj A_ev dz‡ji wP‡Îi Zzjbv Kwi Ges dz‡ji wewfbœ As‡ki KvR
wb‡q `‡j Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
3| dz‡ji wewfbœ As‡ki KvR m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi|
dz‡ji wewfbœ As‡ki KvR dz‡ji mswkøó As‡ki bvg
dz‡ji Ab¨vb¨ Ask‡K i¶v K‡i e„wZ
wW¤^K aviY K‡i ¯¿x‡Kki
dzj‡K my›`i †`Lvq `jgÐj
civM‡iYy Drcbœ K‡i cys¯ÍeK
4| c~iY Kiv QKwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
Av‡jvPbv: AvR Avgiv c~iY Kiv QKwU †`‡L mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kijvg †h dz‡ji cÖwZwU As‡ki Avjv`v KvR
Av‡Q| cÖ_‡g Avgiv ejjvg, e„wZ dz‡ji Kzuwo I †fZ‡ii big Ask¸‡jv‡K evB‡ii AvNvZ, †iv`-e„wó †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
Gici Av‡jvPbv n‡jv ¯¿x‡Kki wb‡qÑGwU dz‡ji wW¤^K aviY K‡i, hv c‡i dj I exR ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Zvici
`jgÐj ev cvcwoi K_v ejjvgÑG¸‡jv dzj‡K my›`i †`Lvq Ges †gŠgvwQ/cÖRvcwZi g‡Zv †cvKvgvKo‡K AvKl©Y K‡i|
me‡k‡l Avgiv cys‡Kki wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KijvgÑGwU civM‡iYy Drcbœ K‡i, hv civMvq‡b cÖ‡qvRb nq| Gfv‡e Avgiv
eySjvg, dz‡ji me Ask wg‡jB civMvqb I bZzb MvQ Rb¥v‡bvi Kv‡R ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|
 me d‡jiB wK exR _v‡K?
 KvR: cwiwPZ d‡j ex‡Ri Dcw¯’wZ wPwýZKiY
hv jvM‡e: cwiwPZ wewfbœ dj (†hgb- Avg, Rvg, †cu‡c, ZigyR, Kjv, KuvVvj BZ¨vw`)
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
1| cwiwPZ K‡qK ai‡bi dj msMÖn K‡i wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq Qzwi w`‡q KvwU|
2| d‡ji †Lvmv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wfZ‡ii Ask ch©šÍ ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
3| wewfbœ d‡ji Af¨šÍixY Ask ch©‡e¶Y †k‡l wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi|
d‡ji bvg d‡j ex‡Ri Dcw¯’wZ (Av‡Q/†bB) ex‡Ri msL¨v (GKwU/Aí/A‡bK¸‡jv)
Avg Av‡Q GKwU
Rvg Av‡Q GKwU
 †cu‡c Av‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv
ZigyR Av‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv
Kgjv Av‡Q Aí/A‡bK¸‡jv
KuvVvj Av‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv
mvims‡¶c: †ewkifvM d‡j exR _v‡K| †Kv‡bv d‡j GKwUgvÎ exR _v‡K, Avevi †Kv‡bv d‡j A‡bK exR _v‡K|

4. mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i RxebPµ

civMvqb I wb‡l‡Ki ci wbwl³ wW¤^K †_‡K exR nq Ges cy‡iv Mf©vkqwU d‡j cwiYZ nq| exR †_‡K AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡k
bZzb PvivMvQ Rb¥vq| PvivMvQ ax‡i ax‡i e‡ov nq, cwiYZ Mv‡Q dzj I dj a‡i| mKj mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i RxebKv‡j
GB avcmg~n ch©vqµ‡g Pj‡Z _v‡K| Rxebe¨vcx ch©vqµ‡g ev PµvKv‡i Pj‡Z _vKv avcmg~nB n‡jv RxebPµ| gwiP,
U‡g‡Uv, Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡`i dzj I dj nq Ges d‡j exR _v‡K|
 KvR: Mv‡Qi RxebP‡µi avcmg~n wPwýZKiY
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
1| Dc‡ii wPÎwU wb‡q mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kwi| wPÎwU‡Z RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©vq wPwýZ Kwi|
Av‡jvPbv: wPÎwU wb‡q mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwiÑGwU mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i RxebPµ †`Lv‡”Q|
RxebPµwU GKwU PµvKv‡i evievi Pj‡Z _v‡K| wPÎwU‡Z ch©vq¸‡jv Gfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvqÑ
▪ exR
▪ A¼z‡iv˜Mg (exR †_‡K Pviv MRv‡bv)
▪ PvivMvQ
▪ c~Y©v½ MvQ
▪ dzj
▪ dj
d‡ji wfZ‡i Avevi exR → Gici Avevi A¼z‡iv˜Mg n‡q bZzb Pviv nq|
A_©vr, exR → A¼z‡iv˜Mg → Pviv → c~Y©v½ MvQ → dzj → dj → exRÑGB avc¸‡jv wg‡jB mcy®úK Dw™¢‡`i
RxebPµ|

5. cÖvYxi RxebPµ
Avgiv Dw™¢‡`i RxebPµ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| cÖvYxi RxebKv‡j wK GKB iKg avc
i‡q‡Q?
 KvR: gyiwMi RxebP‡µi Qwe AuvKv
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
1| G‡mv Avgiv gyiwMi RxebP‡µi Qwe AuvwK|
2| AuvKv QwewU wb‡q mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kwi|
Av‡jvPbv: wPÎwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z
cvwiÑGwU gyiwMi RxebPµ †`Lv‡”Q| gyiwMi RxebPµ av‡c av‡c PµvKv‡i
P‡j| cÖ_‡g wWg _v‡K| wW‡gi †fZ‡i ev”Pv ˆZwi n‡q wWg dzUv‡bv (wWg †d‡U
†ei nIqv) n‡j ev”Pv gyiwM †ei nq| ev”Pv gyiwM eo n‡q c~Y©v½ gyiwM nq|
Gici c~Y©v½ gyiwM Avevi wWg cv‡oÑGfv‡eB Avevi bZzb wWg †_‡K RxebPµ ïiæ nq|
A_©vr, wP‡Îi avc¸‡jv n‡jv: wWg → wWg dzUv‡bv → ev”Pv gyiwM → gyiwM → Avevi wWg|
 KvR: Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi RxebP‡µi Zzjbv
 hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
wb‡P GKwU gwiP MvQ Ges gyiwMi RxebP‡µi Qwe †`Iqv n‡jv|
1| Qwe `ywU fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
2| gwiP Mv‡Qi RxebP‡µi mv‡_ gyiwMi RxebP‡µi wgj Lyu‡R †ei Kwi|
3| KvRwU wb‡q mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi|
Av‡jvPbv: KvRwU wb‡q mncvVx‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv ejeÑgwiP MvQ Avi gyiwM `y‡UviB RxebPµ GKBfv‡e
evievi Ny‡i Av‡m| gwiP Mv‡Q exR †_‡K A¼z‡iv˜Mg n‡q Pviv nq, Zvici Pviv eo n‡q c~Y©v½ MvQ nq, Mv‡Q dzj -dj
a‡i Ges d‡ji †fZ‡i Avevi exR ˆZwi nq| Ab¨w`‡K gyiwMi †¶‡Î wWg dz‡U ev”Pv gyiwM †ei nq, ev”Pv eo n‡q
c~Y©v½ gyiwM nq Ges c~Y©v½ gyiwM Avevi wWg cv‡o| ZvB Avgiv wm×v‡šÍ †cŠuQvjvg †h Dw™¢` I cÖvYxÑ`yÕwUB Rb¥/ïiæ
→ e„w× → c~Y©v½ nIqv → eske„w× → Avevi bZzb RxebÑGB wbq‡g RxebPµ m¤úbœ K‡i|
gwiP MvQ gyiwM
exR †_‡K A¼z‡iv˜Mg n‡q Pviv MRvq wWg †_‡K wWg dz‡U ev”Pv gyiwM †ei nq
Pviv eo n‡q c~Y©v½ MvQ nq, dzj-dj a‡i Ges d‡j Avevi ev”Pv eo n‡q c~Y©v½ gyiwM nq, Zvici Avevi wWg
exR nq cv‡o
Gfv‡e †evSv hvqÑ`yÕwUB ïiæ → eo nIqv → c~Y©v½ nIqv → Avevi bZzb Rxeb ïiæÑGB P‡µ P‡j|

Abykxjbx
1. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kwi:
K) Rxe gvÎB Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i|
L) Lv`¨ ˆZwii Rb¨ Dw™¢‡`i Av‡jv, cvwb I evqy cÖ‡qvRb|
M) dz‡ji D¾¡j I iwOb Ask n‡jv cvcwo|
N) exR †_‡K bZzb PvivMvQ nq|
2. mwVK Dˇi wUK wPý (🗹) †`B:
1) Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kivi mgq Dw™¢` Kx Z¨vM K‡i?
🗹 Aw·‡Rb M) Kve©b WvBA·vBW
L) bvB‡Uªv‡Rb N) Rjxqev®ú
2) Rx‡ei kw³ †Kv_v †_‡K Av‡m?
K) evqy L) cvwb
M) gvwU 🗹 Lv`¨
3) dz‡ji †Kvb Ask Kzuwo Ae¯’vq Ab¨vb¨ Ask‡K i¶v K‡i?
🗹 e„wZ L) `j
M) cys‡Kki N) ¯¿x‡Kki
3. ï× ev‡K¨ ÔïÕ Ges Aï× ev‡K¨ ÔAÕ wjwL:
K) Dw™¢` wb‡Ri Lv`¨ wb‡RB ˆZwi K‡i| (ï)
L) Mv‡Qi cvZvq civM‡iYy Drcbœ nq| (ï)
M) k¦vm MÖn‡Yi mgq Dw™¢` Aw·‡Rb MÖnY K‡i| (A)
4. msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ:
K) Dw™¢‡`i †Kvb As‡k exR _v‡K?
 DËi: Dw™¢‡`i d‡j exR _v‡K|
L) exR †_‡K PvivMvQ Rb¥v‡Z Kx Kx cÖ‡qvRb nq?
DËi: exR †_‡K PvivMvQ Rb¥v‡Z cvwb, evZvm, Av‡jv I Zvc cÖ‡qvRb nq|
5. eY©bvg~jK-DËi cÖkœ:
K) dz‡ji wewfbœ As‡ki KvR wPÎmn eY©bv K‡iv|
DËi: GKwU dz‡ji cÖavbZ PviwU Ask _v‡K: e„wZ, `jgÐj, cys‡Kki I ¯¿x‡Kki| wb‡P wPÎmn G‡`i KvR
eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:

wPÎ: GKwU dz‡ji wewfbœ Ask

▪ e„wZ: GwU mvaviYZ meyR i‡Oi nq Ges dz‡ji me‡P‡q evB‡ii Ask| e„wZ Kzuwo Ae¯’vq dzj‡K †iv`, e„wó
I †cvKvgvK‡oi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
▪ `jgÐj: GwU dz‡ji me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq Ask, hv wewfbœ i‡Oi cvcwo w`‡q ˆZwi nq| Gi cÖavb KvR n‡jv
civM‡iYy enbKvix cZ½ I cvwL‡`i AvKl©Y K‡i civMwgj‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv|
▪ cys‡Kki: GwU dz‡ji cyiæl cÖRbb A½| cys‡Kk‡ii gv_vq civMavbx _v‡K, hvi g‡a¨ civM‡iYy Drcbœ
nq| GB civM‡iYy¸‡jv wW¤^‡Ki wb‡l‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L|
▪ ¯Íe‡Kki: GwU dz‡ji ¯¿x cÖRbb A½| Gi wZbwU Ask _v‡K: Mf©gyÐ, Mf©`Ð I wW¤^vkq| wW¤^vk‡qi †fZ‡i
wW¤^K _v‡K| civM‡iYy Mf©gy‡Ð co‡j wb‡lK cÖwµqv ïiæ nq Ges wW¤^vkq d‡j I wW¤^K ex‡R cwiYZ
nq|
L) evwoi cv‡ki Avg MvQ I †Zvgvi wb‡Ri †cvlv weovjwUi RxebP‡µ †Kv_vq †Kv_vq wgj Av‡Q wPÎmn e¨vL¨v
K‡iv|
DËi: Avg MvQ Ges †cvlv weovjÑ`yÕwUB Rxe, ZvB `yÕwUi RxebP‡µ K‡qKwU eo wgj Av‡Q|

wPÎ: Avg Mv‡Qi Rxeb Pµ

cÖ_gZ, `yÕwUiB ïiæ nq bZzb Rxe m„wói gva¨‡gÑAvg Mv‡Q exR †_‡K, Avi weov‡j gv‡qi †c‡U ev”Pv ˆZwi
n‡q Rb¥ †_‡K| wØZxqZ, `yÕwUB †QvU Ae¯’vq eo nqÑAvg Mv‡Q exR †_‡K A¼z‡iv˜Mg n‡q Pviv → wK‡kvi
MvQ → c~Y©v½ MvQ|
 wPÎ: GKwU weov‡ji RxebPµ
Aciw`‡K weov‡j Qvbv → wK‡kvi weovj → c~Y©v½ weovj| Z…ZxqZ, `yÕwUB c~Y©v½ n‡j cÖRbb/eske„w×
K‡iÑAvg Mv‡Q dzj → civMvqb/wb‡lK → dj → exR, Avi weov‡j cyiæl-¯¿x wgjb → Mf©aviY → ev”Pv
Rb¥| PZz_©Z, `yÕwUiB †eu‡P _vK‡Z Lv`¨/cvwb/evqy cÖ‡qvRb Ges †k‡l eva©K¨ I g„Zz¨ N‡U|