HINTS
1. Area of shapes:
A= LxW A= LxW A=1/2 LxW A=π r
2. Volume of shapes:
V= LxWxH V=4/3 πr V=1/2 BxHxD V=πr h
[Link] sherif
3. Prefix:
.10kv= 10x1000 V
.3mA=3/1000 A
.2MW= 2x1000,000 ω
Decicd) →×101
Small "p"
=>
eta
Cespital "p"
[Link] Conversion:
4.1 unit: meter (m)
• cm ÷ 100 → m • cm × 10⁻² → m
• mm ÷ 1000 → m Or • mm × 10⁻³ → m
• km × 1000 → m • km × 10³ → m
ENG. Ahmed sherif
4.2 Area unit: m²
• cm² ÷ (100)² → m² • cm² × 10⁻⁴ → m²
• mm² ÷ (1000)² → m²
Or • mm² × 10⁻⁶ → m²
4.3 Volume unit: m³
• cm³ ÷ (100)³ → m³ • cm³ × 10⁻⁶ → m³
• mm³ ÷ (1000)³ → m³
Or • mm³ × 10⁻⁹ → m
• mm³ × 10⁻³ → cm³
• cm³ × 10⁻³ → liter
• liter × 10⁻³ → m³
4.4 Time unit: second (s)
• hour × 60 → minute • minute × 60 → second
4.5 Mass unit: kilogram (kg)
• g ÷ 1000 → kg Or • g × 10⁻³ → kg
[Link] Sherif
.Rounding
ex t dig it:
.look a t the n
5 - 9 , R o und up
.If it is
0 - 4 , k e e p it as it is
.If it is
.Examples:
1) 3476 3500 3) 3476 4 sig. fig
2) 4531 4500 4)4531 4 sig. fig
5) 1.25x10 3 sig. fig
ZERO
. Left .Middle .right
Not counted Counted Not counted
0.5 503 3 S.F 300 1 S.F
0.05 1 S.F 50.003 5 S.F
[Link] sherif
DISTANCE TIME GRAPH
1. Slope=speed= Y 2 -Y 1 2. Average speed= Total Distance
X 2- X 1 Total Time
Distance
m/s
eed =
rag e sp
.Ave nc e =m
l D is t a
t a
. To m e =s
o t al Ti
.T Time/s
SPEED TIME GRAPH
1. Slope= Acceleration= Y 2 - Y 1
X 2- x 1
2. Distance = Area under the graph Speed
Time/s
.Curve:
1. Slope TANGENT Y2-Y1
X2-X1
Tangent
Asume
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
PHYSICS SUMMARY
[Link]:
.ρ: Density Kg/m M
.M: Mass Kg M
.p=M/V .V: Volume m
P
P VV
[Link]:
.D: distance m D
.V: Velocity m/sec D
.V=D/T .T: time sec
V V TT
[Link]:
V
.V: Final velocity m/s
.A=V-U/T .U: initial Velocity m/sec
.T: time sec
.A:acceleration m/𝒔𝟐 V-U
A T
[Link]:
W
.W=Mxg .W: Weight N
M g
.M: Mass Kg
.g:gravitational acceleration m/s
[Link] force: .F: Resultant Force N
.D Driving Force N
F
.F=D-R=MxA .R: Resisting force N M A
.M: Mass Kg
.A: acceleration m/s ENG. Ahmed Sherif
6. Hooks law:
e
∅
.F: Force N
.K: Spring constant N/m F
.F=K x X .X: Extension m
K X
7. Moment:
.F: Force N
.M: Moment N.m
. D: Perpendicular M
.M=Fx D distance m
F D
*Equilibrium state:
.Moment clockwise=anti-clockwise moment
.upward force=downward force
8. Pressure: .P: pressure N/m not equal N/cm
.p: Density Kg/m
.F: Force N
.P=F/A=pgh .A: Area m
.g=9.8m/s
.H: Height m
*Force= Weight
*Total pressure: F
.Pt=P liquid + P atm P A
.P1V1=P2V2
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
ENERGY AND POWER
1. Work:
.F: Force N
.W: Work j W
. W=F x // D .D: parallel distance m
F // D
2. Kinetic energy:
.K.E: kinetic energy J
.M: Mass kg K.E
. K.E= 1/2mv .V: Velocity m/s
1/2 m V
3. Potential energy:
. G.P.E=Mgh .P.E: Potential Energy J
G.P.E
.M: Mass Kg H
M G
.H: Height m
4. Power:
.P: power W
.T: Time S E
. P=E/T .E: Energy (K.E,P.E,WD) J
P T
5. Efficiency:
. E=useful output x100
Total input ENG. Ahmed Sherif
6. Momentum: .p:Momentum kg.m/s
.M: Mass Kg
.V: Velocity m/s
P
. P= M x V M V
7. Impulse: "Change in momentum"
. I=FxT=MV-MU .F: Force N
. F=MV-MU .I: Impulse [Link]
.M: Mass Kg
T .V: Final velocity m/sec
.U: initial velocity m/sec
I
F T
*Rules of collision:
. AFTER COLLISION BECOME TWO BODIES:
. M1U1+M2U2=M1V1+M2V2
. AFTER COLLISION BECOME ONE BODY:
. M1U1+M2U2=(M1+M2)V
SPACE PHYSICS
1. Orbital speed: .R: Radius
.V= 2 R .T: orbital speed
-
2. Hubble constant: .V: Recession speed m/s
.V= H0 x D .P: Pressure Pa
.D: Distance m
.Ho: Hubble Constant (1/s)
.H0=2.2x10 1/s
.Age of universe= T=1/H0 ENG. Ahmed Sherif
THERMAL PHYSICS
.Pressure and volume relationship:
.P: pressure
1. P1V1=P2V2
.V: volume
.P1 before, P2 after
.PV=constant p/pa
V/m
2. Tk=Tc+273
.Tk : temperature in kelvin (K)
.Tc: temperature in Celsius (°C)
p/pa
T/ c
.0K= -273 c
.Pressure=0
.Specific heat capacity (C) : Amount of heat energy
needed to raise the temperature of 1Kg by 1 C
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
3. Heat energy "Q":
.Q= mc t
.Q: Heat energy J
.Q= P x T .M: Mass kg
.C: Specific heat capacity J/kg C
.Q= I V T . T:(T final-T intial) C
.p: power W
.I: Currunt A
.V: Volt V
.T: Time S
C= Q = Pt = I V T
m t m t m t
WAVES
[Link] time (T): Time for one complete cycle
. T= Total Time/N . T= 1/F
[Link]: Number of cycles per unit time
.T: periodic time: S (time of 1 cyle)
.F=N/T .T: Time S
.N: Number of cycle
.F: frequency HZ
[Link] speed (V)
xF
Y
. V= .
Y
:Wavelength m
.F: Frequency HZ
.V: Velocity m/s
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
-
4. Reflection of sound (echo):
.D: Distance: m
.V: Velocity: m/s
.V= 2D/T .T: Time S
5. Refractive index(n):
MAGNETISM
1. Transformer: .𝑉 𝑝: Volt Primary V
1. Volt and current: .I s:Current secondary A
.p: Primary
.VpIp=VsIs .s: secondary
2. Number of turns and volt:
.𝑉 𝑝: Volt Primary V
.Np/Ns = Vp/Vs .𝑁𝑠: Number secondary turns
∞ =
.p: Primary
… .s: secondar
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
ELECTRICITY
1. Ohm’s law:
V
.V: Volt V I R
.I: Current A
. V= IxR .R: Resistance Ω
[Link]:
.Q: Charges C
Q
.I: Current A
. I=Q/T .t: time s
.n: number of electrons I T
. Q=n x è .è=1.6x10
3. Power:
.V: Volt V
.I: Current A
. P=VxI .P: Power W
P
.p=V/R .p=I x R I V
4. Energy:
.V: Volt V
.I: Current A
.E: Energy J
.E=I V T .t: time s
E
*EMF "Voltage"
I V T
E
.V=E/Q V Q
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
5. Resistance Directly:
. Length increase, Resistance increase
. Temperature increase, resistance increase
6. Resistance inversely:
.Area decreased, Resistance increase
.Radius decreased,Resistance increased
.Diameter decreased, Resistance increased
.R new =R old x L
A
.Cost of electricity= electric energy x cost
.electric energy: kwh
1kwh. 3.6x10 J
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
1. RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE
.Only wire carrying current
3. FLEMING RIGHT HAND RULE
.USE IT WHEN:
1. AC generator 2. Negative charge 3. Beta particle
4. Induced current
2. FLEMING LEFT HAND RULE
.USE IT WHEN:
1. DC motor 2. Postive charge 3. Alpha
4
. Current /DC power
supply ENG. Ahmed Sherif
HALF LIFE
1. Table 2. Graph
TABLE:
.Ex1 "Without background": A radioactive sample of
half life 4 hours and the intial count rate is 800 count/min
what is the number of radiation emitted after 12 hours
GRAPH:
Time Count Source Count/min
0 800 800
4 400 No 600 No Bk
8 200 BK 400
12 100 200
Time/hr
4 8 12 16
Half life= 24hr
ENG. Ahmed Sherif
言
.Ex2 "With background": A radioactive sample of half life
8 hours and the intial count rate is 830 count/min what is
the number of radiation emitted after 24h the background is
30 count/min
ENG. Ahmed Sherif