جامعة شط العرب االهلية
قسم هندسة تقنيات األجهزة الطبية
املرحلة الثالثة
املعاجل الدقيق
2026-2025 م.م علياء حسني الالمي
INTRODUCTION TO
INSTRUCTION SET MP AND
ADDRESSING MODE
P2
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
• One of the data used in arithmetic operations is stored in accumulator.
• Result is stored in accumulator.
• Arithmetic operations cannot be executed without accumulator.
• These instructions perform the operations like:
-Addition
-Subtraction
-Increment
-Decrement
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
a. Addition
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of
register, or the contents of memory
location can be added to the
contents of accumulator.
• The result (sum) is stored in the
accumulator.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
b. Subtraction
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the contents of memory location can be
subtracted from the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in the accumulator.
• Subtraction is performed in 2's complement form.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
c. Increment / Decrement
• The 8-bit contents of a register or a memory location can be incremented or
decremented by 1.
• The 16-bit contents of a register pair can be incremented or decremented by 1.
• Increment or decrement can be performed on any register or a memory location.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
• These instructions perform logical operations on data stored in registers,
memory and status flags with the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• The logical operations are:
-AND
-OR
-XOR
-Rotate
-Compare
-Complement
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
[Link] / OR / XOR
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
b. Rotate
Each bit in the accumulator can be shifted either left or right to the next position.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
b. Rotate
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
c. Compare
• Any 8-bit data, or the contents of register, or memory location can be compares for:
-Equality
-Greater Than
-Less Than
with the contents of accumulator.
• The result is reflected in status flags.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
c. Compare
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
c. Compare
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
[Link] Instruction
d. Complement
• The contents of accumulator can be complemented.
• Each 0 is replaced by 1 and each 1 is replaced by 1.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
4. Branching Instruction
• The branching instruction alter the normal sequential flow. Eg. JMP, CALL, RET,
• These instructions alter either unconditionally or conditionally.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
4. Branching Instruction
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
5. Stack I/O and Control Instruction
a. I/O
• Data will only able to transfer via Acc.
• Processor deals with one device at a time.
• Each and every I/O devices are signified by address.
• The I/O address are known as port.
• It is 8-bit address.
INSTRUCTION SET BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
5. Stack I/O and Control Instruction
b. Control Instructions
• The control instructions control the operation of microprocessor.
THANK YOU