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Nervous System Easy Notes

The nervous system controls all bodily functions, including movement, breathing, and thinking, and is divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The brain, made up of billions of neurons, is the control center, processing information from the senses and coordinating actions, while the spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and body. Maintaining a healthy nervous system involves proper nutrition, exercise, and safety measures.

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4 views3 pages

Nervous System Easy Notes

The nervous system controls all bodily functions, including movement, breathing, and thinking, and is divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The brain, made up of billions of neurons, is the control center, processing information from the senses and coordinating actions, while the spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and body. Maintaining a healthy nervous system involves proper nutrition, exercise, and safety measures.

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ayanthegoat7
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Nervous System (Very Easy Notes)

What is the nervous system?


The nervous system controls everything we do.
It controls breathing, resting, running, playing, and thinking.

Parts of the nervous system


There are two main parts:
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Brain
- Spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


- Nerves spread all over the body

The Brain
The brain is inside the skull.
It is the control centre of the body.
It thinks, feels, and controls movement.
It also controls breathing and heart rate.

The brain is made of billions of neurons.


Neurons send messages using electrical and chemical signals.

The brain gets information from senses:


- Sight
- Sound
- Touch

Parts of the Brain


Cerebrum
- Largest part of the brain
- Used for thinking and problem solving
- Controls movements

Left hemisphere:
- Controls right side of body
- Speech, reading, writing, maths, logic

Right hemisphere:
- Controls left side of body
- Helps with space, maps, direction

Cerebellum
- At the back of the brain
- Controls balance and coordination

Forebrain
- Front part of the brain
- Controls senses, emotions, movements
- Cerebrum is part of forebrain

Midbrain
- Middle part of the brain
- Controls reflexes and eye movement

Hindbrain
- Back part of the brain
- Controls breathing and heartbeat
- Cerebellum and medulla oblongata are here

Medulla Oblongata
- Part of brainstem
- Connects brain to spinal cord

Spinal Cord
- Long bundle of nerves
- Runs from head to lower back
- Protected by spine bones
- Carries messages between brain and body

Example:
Touch something hot → message goes to brain → brain sends message back → hand moves away

Nerves
- Carry messages to and from the brain
- Found all over the body
- Control senses and muscles

Neurons
Neurons are special nerve cells.
They help us feel and move.

Parts of a neuron:
- Cell body: controls the neuron
- Dendrites: receive messages
- Axon: sends messages

How the nervous system works (pencil example)


1. Brain sends message to arm and hand muscles
2. Muscles move to pick pencil
3. Fingers send feeling back to brain
4. Brain adjusts grip
5. Pencil is lifted

Reflex Action
A reflex is a fast and automatic action.
It protects the body from danger.

Reflex Arc Steps


1. Skin senses heat
2. Message goes to spinal cord (sensory neuron)
3. Interneuron passes message
4. Motor neuron moves muscle
5. Hand pulls away, brain feels pain later

The brain is not involved at first in reflex action.

Nerve Damage
If sensory nerve is damaged:
- Numbness or tingling

If motor nerve is damaged:


- Muscle weakness or paralysis

Other problems:
- Weak muscles
- Spasms
- Breathing or heartbeat changes

Recovery depends on:


- Place of injury
- Health of person
- Speed of healing

Relationship between nerves and muscles


Muscles move only when nerves send signals.
Damaged nerves mean weak or no muscle movement.

Keeping the nervous system healthy


- Eat healthy food
- Exercise regularly
- Wear helmet for safety
- Sit and stand with good posture
- Protect your spine

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