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Trigonometry Chapter Notes

Trigonometry studies the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, primarily in right triangles. Key concepts include basic trigonometric ratios, identities, angle values, and various formulas for complementary, sum, difference, double, triple, and half angles. The document also provides a sign rule for determining the positivity of trigonometric functions in different quadrants and offers revision tips for effective learning.

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22 views3 pages

Trigonometry Chapter Notes

Trigonometry studies the relationships between angles and sides of triangles, primarily in right triangles. Key concepts include basic trigonometric ratios, identities, angle values, and various formulas for complementary, sum, difference, double, triple, and half angles. The document also provides a sign rule for determining the positivity of trigonometric functions in different quadrants and offers revision tips for effective learning.

Uploaded by

situmaji379
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Trigonometry

Clean Chapter Notes for Easy Revision

1. What is Trigonometry?
Trigonometry is the chapter where we study the relation between angles and sides of a triangle.
It helps us understand height, distance, slopes, waves, and many geometry problems.

In a right triangle, we mainly use one angle and compare its sides.

2. Basic Trigonometric Ratios


For angle θ in a right triangle:

sin θ = Perpendicular / Hypotenuse

cos θ = Base / Hypotenuse


tan θ = Perpendicular / Base

cot θ = Base / Perpendicular

sec θ = Hypotenuse / Base

cosec θ = Hypotenuse / Perpendicular

3. Reciprocal and Quotient Relations


sin θ = 1 / cosec θ

cos θ = 1 / sec θ

tan θ = 1 / cot θ

tan θ = sin θ / cos θ

cot θ = cos θ / sin θ

4. Main Identities
These are the most important identities. Learn them well.

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

1 + tan²θ = sec²θ

1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ

5. Standard Angle Values


θ 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

sin θ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1


cos θ 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0

tan θ 0 1/√3 1 √3 Not defined

6. Complementary Angle Formulas


These are used when the angle is written as (90° − θ).

sin(90° − θ) = cos θ

cos(90° − θ) = sin θ

tan(90° − θ) = cot θ

cot(90° − θ) = tan θ

sec(90° − θ) = cosec θ

cosec(90° − θ) = sec θ

7. Sum and Difference Formulas


sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB

sin(A − B) = sinA cosB − cosA sinB

cos(A + B) = cosA cosB − sinA sinB

cos(A − B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB

tan(A + B) = (tanA + tanB) / (1 − tanA tanB)

tan(A − B) = (tanA − tanB) / (1 + tanA tanB)

8. Double Angle Formulas


sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA

cos 2A = cos²A − sin²A

cos 2A = 2cos²A − 1
cos 2A = 1 − 2sin²A

tan 2A = 2tanA / (1 − tan²A)

9. Triple Angle Formulas


sin 3A = 3sinA − 4sin³A

cos 3A = 4cos³A − 3cosA

tan 3A = (3tanA − tan³A) / (1 − 3tan²A)

10. Half Angle Formulas


sin(A/2) = ±√[(1 − cosA)/2]

cos(A/2) = ±√[(1 + cosA)/2]

tan(A/2) = ±√[(1 − cosA)/(1 + cosA)]

11. Product and Sum Formulas


sinA sinB = 1/2 [cos(A − B) − cos(A + B)]

cosA cosB = 1/2 [cos(A − B) + cos(A + B)]

sinA + sinB = 2 sin((A+B)/2) cos((A−B)/2)

cosA + cosB = 2 cos((A+B)/2) cos((A−B)/2)

12. Sign Rule (ASTC)


This helps us remember which trigonometric function is positive in each quadrant:

A → All positive in 1st quadrant

S → Sine positive in 2nd quadrant

T → Tangent positive in 3rd quadrant

C → Cosine positive in 4th quadrant

13. Final Revision Tips


1. First learn the basic ratios. 2. Then remember the 3 main identities. 3. Practice standard angle
values daily. 4. Learn complementary formulas carefully. 5. After that, move to sum, double, and
triple angle formulas.

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