FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (LAB) NOTES!
BASIC FORMULA
D = desired dose
H = dose on hand
V = vehicle
DOSAGE/FREQUENCY ABBREVIATIONS
OD = once a day
BID = twice a day = 8am - 6pm
TID = 3x a day = 8am - 1pm - 6pm
QID = 4x a day = 8am - 12nn - 4pm - 8pm
Qn(n) = every (n)
HS = hours of sleep = 9pm
AC = before meals
PC = after meals
PO = per orem (mouth)
IV = Intravenous
IM = Intramuscular (90°)
SQ = Subcutaneous (45°)
ID = Intradermal (15°)
SL = sublingual
NPO = Nothing per Orem
15,000
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pen G: 1,500g q8-1v
S = pen G (1,500g + 2000mg/g)
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!!ADDITIONAL FOR REVIEWER!!
“Five-Plus-Five” Rights of Medication Administration
✊The “five-plus-five” rights of medication administration are important goals for
medication safety.
✊The nurse following these guidelines will give (1) the right patient (2) the right
drug in (3) the right dose via (4) the right route at (5) the right time.
✊The “plus five” refers to the five additional rights that have been recommended:
(1) right assessment, (2) right documentation, (3) the patient’s right to education,
(4) right evaluation, and (5) the patient’s right to refuse.
The 10 rights of Medication | Administration
- 💉1. Right Patient- The right patient determination is essential. Two forms of
identification before drug administration are required.
- 💉2. Right Drug- The nurse must accurately determine the right drug prior to
administration.
- 💉3. Right Dose- Refers to verification by the nurse that the dose administered is the
amount ordered and that it is safe for the patient for whom it is prescribed.
- 💉4. Right Time- Refers to the time the prescribed dose is ordered to be administered.
Daily drug dosages are given at specified intervals, such as twice a day (bid), three
times a day (tid), four times a day (qid), or every 6 hours (every 6hrs)
- 💉5. Right Route- Is ordered by the health care provider and indicates the mechanism by
which the medication enters the body.
- 💉6. Right Assessment- Requires the collection of appropriate baseline data before
administration of a drug. Examples of assessment data include taking a complete set of
vital signs and checking lab levels prior to drug administration.
- 💉7. Right Documentation- Requires the nurse to record immediately the appropriate
information about the drug administered. Many systems are available for documenting
drug administration. The most common is the paper medication administration record
(MAR)
- 💉8. The right to education requires that patients receive accurate and thorough
information about the drugs they are taking and how each drug relates to their particular
condition.
- 💉9. The right evaluation determines the effectiveness of the drug based on the patient’s
response to the drug. Evaluation in this context asks whether the medication did for the
patient what it was supposed to do.
- 💉10. The patient has the right to refuse the medication, and it is the nurse’s
responsibility to determine the reason for the refusal, explain to the patient the risks
involved with refusal, and reinforce the important benefits of and reasons for taking the
medication.
Nurses’ Rights when Administering Medication
- (The right to a complete and clear order
- )The right to have the correct drug, route (form), and dose dispensed
- (The right to have access to information
- )The right to have policies to guide safe medication administration
- (The right to administer medications safely and to identify problems in the system
- )The right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering medication.
📌Medication Orders💊
- 🦋A physician usually determines the client’s medication needs and orders medications,
although in some settings nurse practitioners and physician assistants now order some
drugs.
- 🦋Usually the order is written, although telephone and verbal orders are acceptable in a
number of agencies.
- 🦋Patient Safety Solutions (2012), a health care consulting service that focuses on client
safety, strongly recommends that health organizations have solid guidelines in place to
reduce or eliminate errors stemming from verbal orders.
- 🦋Most agencies also have lists of abbreviations officially accepted for use in the agency.
- 🦋To prevent medication errors, The Joint Com-mission (2012) mandated that agencies
must standardize abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols used throughout the
organization and must list abbreviations that are never to be used.
Owned by:
MANLANGIT, ANGELO T.
BSN-1M
03/07/26