PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE
1. The character which is not expressed phenotypically in heterozygous condition is
called
1) Dominant character 2) Recessive character
3) Dormant character 4) Wild character
2. An individual having two different alleles for a single character is
1) Homozygote 2) Heterozygote
3) Mutant 4) Wild species
3. An example for incomplete dominance is
1) Flower colour in snapdragon
2) Flower colour in garden pea
3) Seed shape in garden pea
4) ABO blood grouping
4. The phenotypic and genotypic ratios in F2 progeny are 1 : 2 : 1 in
1) Incomplete dominance 2) Co-dominance
3) Test cross 4) Both 1 and 2
5. How many different kinds of gametes are produced by the F1 offspring from a cross
between pure breed of plants with yellow peas and a pure breed of plants with
green peas ?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 8
6. Law of dominance and recessiveness was the result of
1) Back - cross 2) Incomplete dominance
3) Dihybrid cross 4) Monohybrid cross
7. Assertion (A) : Mendel successfully crossed F1 pea plants to get F2 generation.
Reason (R) : The hybrids produced in pea plants are fertile.
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
8. Assertion (A) : In a monohybrid test cross the F1 parent produces genetically
similar gametes
Reason (R) : A monohybrid test cross gives 1:1 phenotypic ratio.
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
9. Assertion (A) : In his monohybrid cross with tall and dwarf pea plants, Mendel
concluded that all tall plants in the F2 generation are not similar genotypically
Reason (R) : When Mendel self pollinated F2 plants some of the tall plants
produced only the tall plants and other tall plants produced both tall and dwarf
plants.
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
10. When a true breeding pea plant that has yellow seeds is pollinated by a plant that
has green seeds, then all the F1 plants have yellow [Link] means that the
allele for yellow is
1) heterozygous 2) dominant 3) recessive 4) lethal
11. Mendels’s principle of segregation was based on the separation of alleles in the
garden pea during:
1) Embryonic development 2) Seed formation
3) Gamete formation 4) Pollination
12. Dominant allele is
1) Modified allele. 2) Unmodified allele.
3) Responsible for a character in presence of recessive allele.
4) Both 2) and 3).
13. Statement I: The law of dominance is used to explain the expression of only one of
the prarental characters in F1 of monohybrid cross and the expression of both in
the F2 in dihybrid cross.
Statement II: Law of segregation is based on the fact that alleles do not show any
blending.
1) Both statement I & II are true. 2) Both statement I & II are false.
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
14. Select the odd one out.
1) Yellow seed colour 2) Terminal flower
3) Yellow pod colour 4) Constricted pod
15. A true breeding line is one that
1) have undergone continuous self-pollination.
2) shows the stable trait inheritance.
3) shows expression for several generations.
4) All of these.
16. Starch synthesis in the pea seed is controlled by one gene. It has two alleles B and
b. If starch grain size is considered as the phenotype, then from this angle allele
shows
1) multiple allele. 2) Incomplete dominance.
3) Co-dominance. 4) Complete dominance
17. A cross between a homozygous recessive and a heterozygous plant is called
1) Monohybrid cross. 2) Dihybrid cross.
3) Test cross. 4) Back cross.
18. The percentage of heterozygous individuals obtained in F2 generation from selfing
the plants with genotype Rr would be
1) 24 2) 50 3) 75 4) 100
19. If a cross between two individuals produces offspring with 50% dominant
character and 50% recessive character, the genotype of parents are
1) Aa x Aa 2) Aa x aa 3) AA x aa 4) AA x Aa
20. Mendel crossed a pure white-flowered recessive pea plant with a dominant pure
violet-flowered plant. The first generation of hybrids from the cross should
show
1) 50% white-flowered and 50% red-flowered plants.
2) All violet-flowered plants.
3) 75% red-flowered and 25% white-flowered plants.
4) All white-flowered plants.
21. Fill in the Blanks.
(I) …A……contain the information that is required to express a particular trait.
(II) Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as …B….
(III) Mendel selected…C… true breeding pea plant varieties.
(IV) …D……are slightly different forms of the same gene.
1) A-Factors, B- Genes, C- 07, D- Alleles
2) A-Genes, B- alleles, C- 14, D- Alleles
3) A-Genes, B- alleles, C- 07, D- Variations
4) A-Alleles, B- Genes, C- 14, D- Variations
22. Select the incorrect statement from the following.
1) Inheritance is the process by which the characters are passed on from parent to
the progeny.
2) Inheritance is the basis of heredity.
3) Variation is the degree by which the progeny differs from their parents.
4) Sahiwal breed of buffaloes in Punjab are produced through artificial selection
and domestication from wild cows.
23. True breeding tall and dwarf plants were crossed and total 1000 seeds were
obtained in F2 generation.
Find out the number of seeds which genotypically resemble with F1, parent.
1) 250 2) 500 3) 750 4) 900
24. Offspring of which of the following crosses are all phenotypically and genotypically
identical?
1) Dd x Dd 2) Dd x dd 3) DD x Dd 4) DD x dd
25. A pea plant having violet-coloured flowers with unknown genotype was crossed
with a plant having white-coloured flowers. In the progeny, 50% of the flowers were
violet and 50% were white. The genotypic constitution of the parent having violet-
coloured flowers was
1) Homozygous. 2) Azygous. 3) Heterozygous 4) Hemizygous.
26. A pure white-flowered recessive snapdragon plant crossed with a pure red-flowered
plant. The second generation of hybrids from the cross should show
1) All pink flowered plants.
2) All red flowered plants.
3) Equal number of red and white flowered plants.
4) Red, pink and white flowered plants in the ratio 1:2:1.
27. Select the false statement from the following.
1) Mendel first time applied statistical analysis and mathematical logic to problems
in biology.
2) Mendel’s experiment had a large sampling size,which gave greater credibility to
the data that he collected.
3) Mendel conducted artificial cross pollination experiment using true breeding pea
lines.
4) Mendel selected 14 true breeding pea plant varieties, as pairs which were similar
except for two characters with contrasting traits.
28. It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete
and independent. This proposition was based on the
1) results of F1, generation of a cross.
2) observations that the offspring of a cross made between the plants having two
contrasting characters show only one character without any blending.
3) self-pollination of F1, offspring.
4) cross pollination of parental generations.
29. If one parent belongs to A blood group and the other to O blood group, their
children possibly represent
1) A and B groups only. ` 2) AB only.
3) A and O groups only. 4) All four groups.
30. A man with blood group A marries a woman having blood group AB. Which of the
following types in the progeny of this couple would show that the man is
heterozygous?
1) Type O 2) Type A 3) Type B 4) All of these
31. The unmodified (Functioninng) allele, which represents the original phenotype is the
_____ allele and the modified allele is generally the _____ allele.
1) Recessive, dominant 2) Dominant, recessive
3) Inherited, non-inherited 4) Non inherited, inherited
32. F2 generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotype and phenotypic ratios are same
as 1 : 2 : 1 . This is an example representing
1) Monohybrid cross with complete dominance
2) Monohybrid cross with incomplete dominance
3) Polygenic inheritance 4) Dihybrid cross
33. A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few (less than 50%) dwarf plants.
What would be the genotypes of both the parents?
1) TT and Tt 2) Tt and Tt 3) TT and TT 4) Tt and tt
34. Assertion (A) : A recessive character that was not expressed in heterozygous
condition may be expressed again when it becomes homozygous.
Reason (R) : The characters never blend in heterozygous condition.
1) Both A & R are correct and R is correct explanation of A.
2) Both A & R are correct but R is not correct explanation of A.
3) A is correct but R is incorrect. 4) A is incorrect but R is correct.
35. Alleles are:
1) Heterozygotes and located on different position on a chromosome.
2) A pair of gene controlling a pair of contrasting character and present in loci of non-
homologous chromosomes
3) A pair of gene controlling a contrasting characer and present in different loci of homologous
chromosomes
4) A pair of gene controlling a pair of contrasting character and present in same locus of
homologous chromosomes
36. How many of the given lists are related to the plant which is used by Mendel in his experiment?
2n=14, Monocotyledonous, legume, dicotyledonous, unisexual flower, Fabaceae,
Autogamy, tetramerous, lilliaceae, racemose, n = 14.
1) Eight 2) Seven 3) Five 4) Six
37. Statement – I : The gene which can exhibit its character only in homozygous condition is called
recessive gene.
Statement – II : A gene which exhibit its character even in the presence of other allele is called
dominant gene.
1) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false. 2) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true.
3) Statement-I is true, but Statement-II is false. 4) Statement-I is false, but Statement-II is
True
38. Which of the following is not a correct expression in F1 individual?
1) TT × tt → Tall 2) Tt × tt → Dwarf 3) TT × Tt → Dwarf 4) Tt ×Tt →Tall
39. In four O’ clock plants, the gene for red flower colour (R) is incompletely dominant over the
gene for white flower colour (r), hence the plants which are heterozygous for flower colour (Rr)
have pink flowers. What will be the ratio of offsprings in a cross between red flowers and pink
flowers?
1) 75% red flowers, 25% pink flowers 2) All red flowers
3) 50% red flower, 50% pink flower 4) Red: pink: white: : 1 : 2 : 1
40. Mendel’s law of Inheritance are true.
1) Only for all plants 2) Only for Pisum sativum
3) Only for all animals and humans 4) For all sexually reproducing organisms
41. The character which can express only in homozygous condition in case of garden pea is ____
A) Constricted pod B) Green seed colour
C) Axial flower D) Yellow pod
1) A, B & D 2) A, C & D 3) B, C & D 4) A, B & C
42. In Mirabilis jalapa, the percentage of plants having pink and red flowers would be _____ when
pink flower plant is test crossed.
1) 25% pink & 25% red 2) 50% pink & 50% red
3) 50% pink & 0% red 4) 0% pink & 50% red
43. Which of the following characters with respect to dominant and recessive contrasting traits
respectively not studied by Mendel in pea?
(i) Stem height – Tall/dwarf (ii) Flower colour – White/red
(iii) Flower position – Terminal/axial (iv) Pod shape-inflated/constricted
(v) Pod colour-Green/yellow (vi) Seed shape round/wrinkled
(vii) Seed colour-Green/yellow
1) (i), (ii) and (iii) 2) (ii), (iv) and (vi) 3) (iii), (v) and (vii) 4) (ii), (iii) and (vii)
44. Which statements are true regarding law of segregation of principles of inheritance?
(i) Characters are controlled by discrete units called factors
(ii) Expression of both parental characters in a monohybrid cross in the F1
(iii) Alleles do not show any blending in F1
(iv) Factors are expressed in pairs
(v) In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates (dominant) the other
(recesive)
(vi) Both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation though one of these is not
seen at the F1 stage.
(vii) Parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair
segregate from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors.
1) (i), (ii) and (iii) 2) (iii), (iv), (vi) and (vii)
3) (iii), (vi) and (vii) 4)(i), (ii),(iii),(vi) and (vii)
45. How many characters are true regarding incomplete dominance from given.
(i) F1 phenotype not resembles either of the two parents and is in between the two.
(ii) The inheritance of flower colour in the dog flower is an example of it.
(iii) In a cross between true-breeding red-flowered (RR) and true breeding whiteflowered
plans (rr), the F1 (Rr) is pink.
(iv) When the F1 is self-pollinated, the F2 resulted in the ratio 1 (RR) Red : 2 (Rr) Pink : 1 (rr)
White.
(v) Here the genotype is same as mendalian monohybrid cross.
1) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) only 2) (ii), (iv) and (v) only
3) (i), (ii),(iv) and (v) only 4) All of the above
46. Regarding ABO blood group, if one parent is homozygous ‘A’ and other isheterozygous ‘A’
, what are the chances that their child will have ‘O’ blood group?
1) 25% 2) 50% 3) 75% 4) Zero
47. Arrange the following in descending order based on the number mentioned against each
A) Number of years Mendel conducted experiments?
B) Number of true breeding pea plant varieties selected by Mendel
C) Number of characters related to flower and stem
D) Types of gametes produced by a Monohybrid cross
1) A, C, B, D 2) B, A, C, D 3) B, A, D, C 4)C, B, A, D
48. Mendel conducted hybridization experiments on pea plant in the period of
1) 1856 - 63 2) 1855 – 65 3) 1856 - 65 4) 1900 – 1905
49. The % of pure individuals in F2 of a typical monohybrid cross
1) 25% 2) 50% 3) 75% 4) 100%
50. Assertion: Test cross is a type of back cross.
Reason: In this F1 progeny is crossed with recessive parent
1) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is correct explanation of the
assertion.
2) Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the
assertion.
3) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
4) Both the assertion and reason are false.
51. Statement-I: In a typical monohybrid cross F1 progeny are phenotypically and genotypically
similar.
Statement-II: Mendel selected 14 true breeding pea plant varieties for hybridization
experiments.
1) Both statements I and II are correct 2) Both statements I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct, II is incorrect 4) Statement I is incorrect, II is correct
52. Choose the incorrect statement w.r.t pea plant (Garden pea)
1) It is an annual plant 2) It possess bisexual flowers
3) It is a monocot plant 4) It possess nodular roots
53. The % of homozygous dominant individuals obtained from selfing of Tt is
1) 25% 2) 75% 3) 50% 4) 100%
54. In a monohybrid cross, the percentage of F2 progeny phenotypically resembles with their
recessive parent is
1) 25% 2) 50% 3) 75% 4) 100%
55. Which of the following character of pea plant was not studied by Mendel?
1) Stem height 2) Leaf size 3) Pod – shape 4) Flower colour
56. Match the following and choose the correct option.
1) A – III, B – II, C – I, D – IV 2) A – III,B – IV, C- II, D – I
3) A – IV, B – III, C – I, D – II 4) A – IV, B – III, C – II, D – I
57. Which one of the following pairs is not belonging to contrasting traits?
1) Tall and Dwarf 2) Axial and Terminal
3) Yellow and Green 4) Round and Yellow
58. In plants test cross is conducted to know
1) the yielding capacity of plant 2) the resistance power in plant
3) the phenotype of parent 4) the genotype of progeny
59. Assertion: Test cross is a type of back cross.
Reason: In this F1 progeny is crossed with recessive parent
1) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is correct explanation of the
assertion.
2) Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the
assertion.
3) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
4) Both the assertion and reason are false.
60. Assertion: Inheritance is the basis of heredity.
Reason: Inheritance is the process by which characters are passed on from parents to
progeny.
1) Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is correct explanation of the
assertion.
2) Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the
assertion.
3) The assertion is true but the reason is false. 4) Both the assertion and reason are false
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1 2 11 3 21 3 31 2 41 1 51 3
2 2 12 4 22 4 32 2 42 3 52 3
3 1 13 1 23 2 33 2 43 4 53 1
4 4 14 2 24 4 34 1 44 3 54 1
5 2 15 4 25 3 35 4 45 4 55 2
6 4 16 4 26 4 36 3 46 4 56 4
7 1 17 2 27 4 37 2 47 2 57 4
8 2 18 2 28 2 38 3 48 1 58 4
9 1 19 2 29 3 39 3 49 2 59 1
10 2 20 2 30 1 40 4 50 1 60 1