Excel Formulas Guide
Mathematical Formulas
Formula Description
=SUM(A1:A10) Adds numbers
=AVERAGE(A1:A10) Finds mean value
=ROUND(12.345,2) Rounds to 2 decimal places → 12.35
=PRODUCT(A1:A5) Multiplies numbers
=SQRT(16) Square root = 4
Logical Formulas
Formula Description
=IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail") Returns Pass/Fail
=AND(A1>10,B1<5) TRUE if both conditions are true
=OR(A1>10,B1<5) TRUE if any condition is true
=NOT(A1>10) Reverses logic
Text Formulas
Formula Description
=CONCAT(A1," ",B1) Joins text
=LEFT(A1,5) First 5 characters
=RIGHT(A1,3) Last 3 characters
=LEN(A1) Counts characters
=UPPER(A1) Converts to uppercase
Lookup & Reference
Formula Description
=VLOOKUP(101,A2:D20,2,FALSE) Vertical lookup
=HLOOKUP(101,A1:Z3,2,FALSE) Horizontal lookup
=XLOOKUP(101,A2:A20,B2:B20,"Not Found") Powerful lookup
=INDEX(A1:C10,2,3) Value at row 2, col 3
=MATCH(50,A1:A10,0) Position of 50
Date & Time
Formula Description
=TODAY() Current date
=NOW() Current date + time
=DAY(A1) Extracts day
=MONTH(A1) Extracts month
=YEAR(A1) Extracts year
Statistical
Formula Description
=MAX(A1:A10) Largest number
=MIN(A1:A10) Smallest number
=COUNT(A1:A10) Counts numbers
=COUNTA(A1:A10) Counts numbers + text
=COUNTIF(A1:A10,">50") Counts values > 50
Financial
Formula Description
=PMT(10%/12,60,300000) Loan payment
=FV(8%/12,12*5,-5000) Future value
=NPV(10%,B1:B10) Net present value
=IRR(B1:B10) Internal rate of return
Information
Formula Description
=ISNUMBER(A1) Checks if number
=ISTEXT(A1) Checks if text
=ISBLANK(A1) Checks if empty