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Java Interview CheatSheet

This document serves as a cheat sheet for core Java concepts relevant for interviews, covering OOP principles, class and object definitions, constructors, static members, garbage collection, and access specifiers. It also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, and multithreading, highlighting key differences between Java and other programming languages like Python, C++, and C. The document provides examples and definitions to clarify these concepts.

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2 views3 pages

Java Interview CheatSheet

This document serves as a cheat sheet for core Java concepts relevant for interviews, covering OOP principles, class and object definitions, constructors, static members, garbage collection, and access specifiers. It also discusses inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, and multithreading, highlighting key differences between Java and other programming languages like Python, C++, and C. The document provides examples and definitions to clarify these concepts.

Uploaded by

charithas0014
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java Core Concepts – Interview Cheat Sheet

OOPs Principles
- Definition: Organizes code into classes/objects.
- Key: Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism.
- Example: BankAccount (encapsulation), ATM (abstraction), SavingsAccount extends
BankAccount (inheritance), calculateInterest() (polymorphism).

Class and Object


- Definition: Class = blueprint, Object = instance.
- Key: Multiple objects from one class, class defines attributes + behavior.
- Example: Student class → s1 = new Student().

Constructors
- Definition: Special method to initialize objects.
- Key: Same name as class, no return type. Types: default, no-arg, parameterized, copy.

Static Members
- Definition: Belong to class, not object.
- Key: Memory efficient, accessed via class name, used for counters/utilities.
- Example: [Link]().

Garbage Collection
- Definition: Automatic memory management by JVM.
- Key: Removes unused objects, calls finalize() before destruction.

this vs super
- this → current object.
- super → parent class.
- Example: [Link]() calls parent’s method.

final vs finally vs finalize()


- final → keyword (constant, no override, no inherit).
- finally → block always executes in exception handling.
- finalize() → method called before GC destroys object.

== vs equals()
- == → compares reference (memory).
- equals() → compares content.
- Example: String a = new String('hi'); a==b? false; [Link](b)? true.
Java vs Python / C++ / C
- Java vs Python → Java: static, fast; Python: dynamic, slow, AI-friendly.
- Java vs C++ → Java: auto GC, no multiple inheritance; C++: manual memory, multiple
inheritance.
- C vs C++ → C: procedural; C++: OOP.

Access Specifiers
- public → everywhere.
- protected → package + subclass.
- default → package only.
- private → same class.

Inheritance
- Definition: Acquire parent class features.
- Types: Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical.
- Note: Multiple inheritance not supported (diamond problem). Achieved via interfaces.

Polymorphism
- Compile-time → overloading.
- Run-time → overriding.

Run-time Polymorphism
- Definition: Parent ref → child object executes child method.
- Key: Achieved using method overriding.

Abstract Class
- Definition: Class with at least one abstract method.
- Key: Cannot instantiate, can contain abstract + normal methods.
- Example: Shape class with abstract draw().

Multiple Inheritance
- Java doesn’t support with classes → diamond problem.
- Achieved via interfaces.

Overloading vs Overriding
- Overloading → same name, diff params, compile-time.
- Overriding → same name/signature, child class, run-time.

Exception Handling
- Definition: Handles runtime errors gracefully.
- Key: try, catch, finally, throw, throws.
- Example: try { int a=10/0; } catch(ArithmeticException e) {}
Multithreading
- Definition: Concurrent execution of tasks.
- Key: Extend Thread / Implement Runnable, methods: start(), run(), sleep(), join().
- Example: Banking & Printing Passbook simultaneously.

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