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12th AC

The document discusses various aspects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), including their properties, calculations for average and RMS values, and phase relationships between voltage and current. It also covers concepts such as power factor, heat dissipation, and the behavior of capacitive and inductive circuits. The content appears to be a compilation of notes or educational material related to electrical engineering principles.

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shansharma290407
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4 views31 pages

12th AC

The document discusses various aspects of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), including their properties, calculations for average and RMS values, and phase relationships between voltage and current. It also covers concepts such as power factor, heat dissipation, and the behavior of capacitive and inductive circuits. The content appears to be a compilation of notes or educational material related to electrical engineering principles.

Uploaded by

shansharma290407
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
— Aerating coment t DC_tuvrent = {Divect Curent) in Lo umidive chim a t cn nee, 7 Pulsating De Re chtier ; 7 = oe im erequlay faterval ef Hme uch Current's bono usn os Alternabking covyenb. dt is om bi- divechon. Ty op AC ° BD chastaidat ac__‘f at Scanned with CamScanner Area under b-t graph giver change in Charge. nem\ 2 Poser 1 3 ‘ 2)__“Triomguloy AC e4| | + i oy cf & \ j 4 . 3) S : uy ; : floss i i ‘ Sinusoidal. Asc Misia) eases TH \ ae ( Covrent ‘ i) Lt imetombomtoln value of" ¢iivreint na! 1 f= Peak value of current famplihule aN aT i Ee z i 1 wo ‘ s = . oangulocy preg Lency t w an anf ; 1 > Sysineat (house hold p> § 2. SoHe yd 1 ; 7 i Potemtin Angin ttt cari dd BE 226. fs ge vole Se ; n : Aq 4 Pee ee 7 7 tt = Oem imder (= t Graph 1 At Tee = : eae At Scanned with CamScanner Rem. gery —Q) Find average value 2 = 1°, Simust ! ! Fox _'1)__Cine hme el = _2) Hoif_bime period so @ a _— ° ta t 1 foug 2 Lift iat fo, » . O 7 Op boSintdlt 5 ae T , 5 ty a) = abe 3 T ° : i tay = 0 > Soi © % —o : y Cog = (% dt , ° fs f-esstat Te , tint W- 25 a ee ° ia \ : bee ri tee vi Hey fecos 2x rx} i 7 ‘ = U ; y 2h ge , , oT RMS uatue C font mean square) are 2 YS> : - 2] 8 Gat Cat 1 pt. fe, gt “ i, = Scanned with CamScanner Rem) Gees” 0 {usieeh TAT SR wil“ cepa = aft dt Ju te ee we (ttteat = ie {hat : ; we be {i Assuming. ame thet Heat dissipated | o€ & ten. I g(t hts tte | oe a Te oot mean oe {titan 4 Square ——— ! 1 Jed 2 { ce ae ; 424) fs" the value of Constant De cuveent Het i salem Yous _Yrrnugh o tustve _pyaduce Same 4 Gmeunt of heat or produce Joy the vecrying % Current re 4. mas mtg (aterls T oe : [cents sintwdt 4 Jeu Fe ET IE ee an trae Scanned with CamScanner Rem Q onrer Leite 1 (te a a if tO. uxcosin = 2roste Fic eee ai castastae B = £ ae (te cbs 1-cos 2 2sinta Je Sec at z 4 Sim = 1- C050 ° x = Ly : Sinto 2 I-ws2e me =z a ro Q vet) = 2209 shin (Gori) Fi ee Q Vent = Ma 5 220[% 220 ic Sak Teel ae a ' 1 % A ee fed, w 2 two 2 Fo paw aR 2H Average { nea Malye - Of : aoe estou ie {Co =>T) (o>) re ur = =o 4 chunk > = 77 ~ ZK costot =O > lS engurbudi 0 > < sinwtusuit > =0 PY “€stturk> = Ya bw) < Sim2wt > = Yo =f < cost ust'> = Yo ie) < costwt >= Ya oe ust Cosust> = 4 QMs valve > sinusoidat Vos = Vio omit foaagel i 1 ie Scanned with CamScanner ern Ah DIE 2 Ho ustie —anebeeroeoavres lends valve of; ———— vent revo gh eat. Hat L. RNS value bw e_valur ol Vorriows Funchena.2= i “iy Simusotdal = ——- ——— wid C Kor_futn cycle 0 T) s - — —Lowg =o 7 —r vt Troms = fi : \ + a Scanned with CamScanner avg 20 Z — tar Tums =lo a as ~ fae half wave ‘ - Tove = fy Cems: = [ce ef Toe T4e 6 Guinnguloxe torn 2 wf Lire, + wngul are tof ZA LL Te Cavg_20 VS Ceens ? fy” | vs = Lt id | mY 4 44 Sou boob, == Foe Lui Cycle ! Cay aug =o 4 J, Sian = ba Te Zz Scanned with CamScanner cal oy = 4 edysinwe>d St,>2 t (a: ¢ 2 i420, i Rie bee nx He Tams . | - le, = Aten yet Yt | denervated Ls eeee,_an EE LS | —————— formola for 7 ™s = a, Cl 2+2ensigt Find tems valve of Covvend ? { pelt Py t+ fT, wosust thea 4 cue, = Veoyna/ ate ce | ee eS Scanned with CamScanner Phocay + Phasei Diassams —— A chassis a verte whith on ast AnMSsnlay Velorida, ar - VOR Phase fs Q aatak: vactny that xseprenemt : Stmamiedead ~ vas: ; ? , tal) intent ; —— Rast \emath “¢P phnnoy = peak welue | ‘ =To i Prog echt pn y-axis = tasinlo xed) ) Z <> Projechin of n= ance [teostattd) = Diag: shi © Corr AC amd voltage fs calird Phasor diagram. Cansepr of lead A Loe 2 * y =m v, Gx @ _leod __+ bo [ep Ve Ven Sir ent ZX tat L_= Im sintust+ 6} ——— aVettage atm 7 N\\ 1 1 b t i ari ] f & £ AV (vefevene) Scanned with CamScanner Bem <0 Poser! B ores tt > Cuwent Qeads Waltege by hb, i.e Cuvrent each fk es ‘Tmsin( tt =) ft ; ¥ a Ns seanted ' L za Curent Log, ee ewvaltage reachen its : i spaeimym value : t ron | hos as ic ; Lote: ‘le com olan une Phanort diesem Por a SCme ypolree =ciniat ss » sontioy bey L idiot tn \ = + cet a : 2) 7 esl Fs rst Cos [tok ti) =H cosuat . a { i i Aniefnck! Cink? ¢ Scanned with CamScanner Q_tind tas ety bath Given Sal tat S Sim (ust +53°) (a 2S cos (ut -34°). Qs Ssimunt + ty tosis “= Find [te speag-Value Sal yale Toaxivhun veut hy i. end 4 ing @)__ Both howe sare S’an ©) Both howe Samed iachinn “foi Scanned with CamScanner cosh —- Powe Sachor Fovg -> x rat lower - nem) Jems Tem <= eppevent Rowe (Proce: Zs ot § V, 2-10 cos (wh eset) Uy 2 12 sin futaiet) Lind phone difference (Ad) 2 TN), = 1g Sina Cunt $532 40") Vg 2 12Sim(wt-10') =10-( 53°90°) = 427° =Cosurd | stnd Vielard b=)» 53% pesto Acw blo cr four 2 Fun Dissipnted fn AC. Chea Ley T= Ty sivaunt \y= Vo Sin Cent tO) Pz 1 . P= (Totin ure) (Vasin Got hI Pe (Vtastnwt ) (sin(intt by Pa: te ae Pas ‘ x Pls, jep> = Vat, sito 1054 + Vo te (einige Eoswe} Ging | A P32 yt ond nh: T Te p> = us se Lams = a : leat oo Pawson. facto ‘ Apparent Swer rae rr Scanned with CamScanner remy. Qin 3 . : Apparent Fewer 92 phone difference bfur Tavis So" then | Foug =2 [: 1 ; ee " Valatttecs Cuyyent > St istarneanrist of ems valve of | Cmment due tp idkich mp point dissipited wt i oc Im Acc cisveustt Se Vrms Nova — 4 | 2__Phane dikterence blur Veni Si Timi r Sim dig’ So". Tems sing : y toil) be Qenos + tems.) “x Woattlens vturen} —> Trme sing * IJatkEot cyst —? Ives cos ¢ Nore %- TF theve is Mathinng menkontd onaiden thas vms value -_ a Tn. _tiveuih , the voltage applied is too vy the wry appli ig i 8g = solasoe « Lalit it s2n0 tw. Firo'd Powen baci, Also Read [idbtless = current 12 = 300. 2 S7 es Vrwag lr S00 Ss GO yy Q) bisa? = njoltlest Curent = Tyas sing : Sn Sin BB? = SRE © 4 Ampere Scanned with CamScanner " ye oa Vector Leman sheust Fire Resistance! ‘C&eutt - Let 1 verging. se [= Vencineat | aaa 7 ; , nv ; By oppling Keven ! IS gh Evet) «Tt t) Reo Ai MCE\e Tee) RSet Umsim wit = 1(t)R * i : Lr) = = Stntat Tftyz eae aaa] Vin. p> Baer A212 pe Pp = ( Lin sintusrt JR faug'S Bis {7 pdb . ae + [ink _/ Tm \*g : frat: a ve Scanned with CamScann A abo red, sac a Z : Chip? Rf fu wh Aree tncluctance: cPreutt (et 2 ! V = Vin Sin task By appling. Kyl : yety=bdi so dt wWe)> Ld’ = VUmsinwt | at ae : ae ee on, fea “i ar ees oa - a TD 2b “(= ben Sin wot —f_— é we ert IL te = imens wit] ee [eases | — | - |) yf) Sie, ] + iS Covvent lags wolkag by = Tneluchiiic: ReGiebatee uct \ vt bony ea | | Tums _? Von = Ven twhire Xn We = induthve woistanck t zal shnp)e | fi Scanned with CamScanner Rom) alalla am ue Pe rep ssn. chfodnec Civenrt ua ( Les] ‘ Spe « Source oe Indico L 4 20 = t | zi £ * tov? aratt ® Sopese ac : ( f 2.05 yy seco aoc ( | Oper erwit 4 i ( ~ P22 2n(0t) Steriot on_Hnat of I ov V Mere, fiuap Toh Fray tashzo ¢ Pawcr Lach): 4 fg Lops 90% iZ Scanned with CamScanner i pkeremBlah en > Ialegvahem —> Rem Qs i —3)_ five Capacitive C&iuith + herd et : yectocahh = Mts Vensiawttca! 24 Gy! L By appling K+V.L - ty : Vt 4 20 c pas Gte Cue she 1 soy Ge = CU Sint KN (4 BW CU Cost Sales dt : Fm pV Ls! Th: A et Inf TC 7 he = ImCosut | Ey = Fi ps Yi, lt Im _sin (wt en) Cannsent lends voltage by 2M. Phane. dipjemerace Ld = mo esistonce { Xe) Qt ie the elekance obtered’ tp altermahing Corvent Floustne in capecth', Creit [ wise? fourer pe | fore Were = 4p Copan i Lpen cbr okt @\ Souvie At fe oo Xero Gopaci tow => Shert Cra, Pt Scanned with CamScanner Rem ous oars: tt —Rwen is Pct) = Wty 7¢t) = Vmsinuit Tm cosut = Veo Ton Sin ewbtoturt £2 ie Combfnalfans af Components (Li cme) Term LR , Re fp 10 Gruit TE : zh Ay | Jot dd pd ppd ee Pe 2 | = v | 4 1© TV nyesnee Ltt somein L&R = os 1 it sdmme in Bd i k= t 7 E aw n Se RK o'< 4 <90° f SY K tal Ve ede = aS! s = el ; ve dvesug f v x Up4 Ve | 7 ' i \ 1 7 a J 4 ob ot ouTei Mee 3- ” é zon boet + L : / hy A . 1 Scanned with CamScanner @-s met Obstruchom rom Go Power factor a 4 Oise 3 Tei Tudurhue ——= 7 Fe : g T & ui __ c R Xe zz Jat+xu7 Zz = Jxc2+ R* tam pe Xb tan 4.2 Ke R i air sx C =R sik: “ast 7 Sevieg L= C= R Crvenit ate — Sige vg21k Vy: tx, “My Vo > TpRcinrot | My = To%, sim [unt ¢% Uosimwte t ian “J Ny s Tove Sim fut Vs = Vosinut (Ws) ince = (Va) once + (Ve dines + (Ve Jinst Vi, L Phase ia 1 at 1 pet f K a e - Qn @ vi >v Vi rre =) Inoluchue Cfreurt Rn mee oe ; “4 i g . S 5 Fe eR Ive Scanned with CamScanner rem\.@ od Pose : G vas Wie Queva® 22 [eee Covent Log valtage m Lona b+ Xu- x R a met 1 Cone @i__ NeW, Xe dx =? Capacitive civenit z ; Rope cae R T> Resistive Cireuit i‘: | Eup 2) ——*+— > ve Pa Resistive Cust” _VEN@ Mon impede AE R a“ Scanned with CamScanner Resonance rom Qiee 6) Ys Xe oe Meese we | ee = Latex xe)? $< Pa, X¢ > Copacth've — breuit ef. Fhe f>Fe f b> fared Ken V2 Tentuchive — cbvenit 2 __I_laga V_by oO get. Keke > » > , , y ¥ D dso, Thu Same Phare aA h [od [| 1 os fee Ws, bps FS 7 2 = Tapeahon Resisttve “inductor Scanned with CamScanner i [ Bo pF a Ra omer Regerome (1%, => Pusey maximum = 7 ww bw, = Pw eh holt > 2 a e Te = ts. 2 agers Rol wis Ser ah pawl Bond usidth of Cvusft - Ft petty tty ates Qua fy “Fackoy - Ob fc defined on the meonirve ~ of sharpness = of resonante -"~ (ptt IES Scanned with CamScanner (eve foe at LC Osefitabiom \ Assumphion — { Lia “Co. (oss of Eneveg4) saeco bets bwhen om imih‘ally charge energized copacthor i's connetked 4p am inductor the energy asscilla-tes ois imductor _( smnng neh energy iA Capacitor ( tlecheoshabic _caued LC circuit: Mothemabeal Analoyy + Qo | a a 7 7 I ep te t Aker a i Dif ieseiime f Apel RYE Scanned with CamScanner ne 4” ZEMIN on abischonaing EF ah = Os -1142 3G no ine Finest _ 2c ot Los Vaheos infbta Hy ts i Copasitor ts chawg ed. Scanned with CamScanner ee les echt tern : Mechanical Sysh m (tmc- petttabin) (Spring canna) , I uontt ws 2 Ot iii? £21 xu* + bony" ze 2 ae : z z q Ya-> displacement afc" K.(Spaiing corsbs? Lt mm é Ar (An) ih 2 bie dlipperence (at). in? [ao 2 An =AEt [2x A Tea | Time Ported Qs A Tully charge capaciter C toith initial change fot Commected bo a enil of self inductance L at £22. blur the Fee Wi Bi "Sol a Q = Qptosust i 2: : : QplrgSinrust : Lat. ye i "ee 2 ipo ’ 8 ] Ob sper = A : re Scanned with CamScanner Rem ‘ pare: to 4 = gf bomboat tet ol to 4 pe Le domturt =! s— 41 pillage ‘ Y komest2 tt —4 fer deicastort i Lo-1 gn 4K | tp & ( “ Seayeceesitits = oe 4 a a5 ae 7 a : AY Lat ; “AQ Cai) > @ = a0 chm ‘ fy -ohm at SOW i * Ae -Snumee i f VE22O Vol} at foo H . a f Qavvent Sia Phe tefl ia favo + Sol frms 2 \Jetas = . zelatext_ ; Hanes ieee : Go Gy}? vrs, f t I do 2% pat =f ¢e+ (uy? { [ “so A |= fase = 50 i [- as i i. uxf —» SoH, => x, 220 2 IdoHe aly. 40 = 2emA we ooxinio-& Fo iat dea tye > Iot Scanned with CamScanner rem a Rese 03 —FransFormer_ b- wl z 7 su Th te on elechricol__oleuilne~ fax: Camvecihing — B AC Current at four voltage into hig o> —waltange _—§ oy vite versa, tuithout Change in. Exvequenty Typer <= C four kage “in igh Voltage). (hi 9 Principle 8- Tt tuarke on moutval _induchion uithesn primary coil imduced emf Aetup ira the Accarndary ae fugeel \ button { Nate 3- No use po if for De n Yams 2 Avyamamnemat Shell bupe ~~ Tv G Rodinaeks _tvamsmussion. SOE a Tee Sanday Sar teil Scanned with CamScanner Yer A { tilling tort ; = laminated Cove 0 nto Prevent edd { ae / | Current k Capper L ! : At torre aa 2 ‘npr O15 SE Prticaliney + cere = Git SoPE fren i Lede eds 85s Comin i Povieomegnéht matreiel Se i Fer bobs Coll 2 bens mere fly braked i init ’ ) i i . . Cp tom be Comridened as Input emf. Scanned with CamScanner dt dt » : | . = A 23h Evo (lit) “+ “Fig = Ms Txeuns Fornaio sabe Ep Ne. duyn vob! the primary cof l- we N ow - » > i ° WToune crabs >= TNo- of tens of Secomndevr Cot |_to. , b > Np i ee ; , we F 2 \ Input pate. = opbput Pomwen 7 ate gE \- ‘ A Dhan C fap a T ice Versa. Scanned with CamScanner Np > Ns Ws > Ne fp 2h Ec ree Ts > Ip Tp2Is rr Ke Ne : \K<1 kt Ng = < Ne ' Il Ne aie ie Wo. oF fn Dow, Rivckoat Th onstornaet (mz loos. Some. enengis rh wasted = Pinput >. Poobputt Eppicienuy (op) = Output Pasoed ‘Inpot Poser We Bele tyes ple Ene 4 lose {nm Tron foxmen ee Plux leakage ie Resistance Of tsi ing { b minim ! | thick” pantve’) 1 Ret __A eh 1 Oey deer Scanned with CamScanner Ger vee Lonaimotion => to minimise —Fddip Cuvvent = Hysteresis bnergy [nse < Area of Hyskevesi¢ Curve — — use Sotl Prom core - Choke CPt += — 9, OF has. . 5 xcesichamce + Foy am iden) choke cof), wesithonce fe eve and hee Power Fachor i's Also Deva Scanned with CamScanner

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