MODAL PERFECT

1. Could, may, might + have + P2 = có lẽ đã

- Diễn đạt một điều gì đó có thể đã xảy ra hoặc có thể đúng ở quá khứ song người nói không dám chắc.
VD: He could have forgotten the ticket for the concert last night.
I didn’t hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time.
John might have gone to the movies yesterday.
- Diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể xảy ra nhưng đã không xảy ra
VD: Why did you leave him come home alone? He might/could have got lost. ( In fact, he didn't get lost)
2. Should + have + P2 = lẽ ra phải, lẽ ra nên
Chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lí do nào đó lại không xảy ra.
VD: Maria should have called John last night. (but in fact she didn't)
John should have gone to the post office this morning.
The policeman should have made a report about the burglary (but they didn't make the report)
Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng cụm từ was/were supposed to + V để thay cho should + have + P2
VD: John was supposed to go to the post office this morning.
The policeman was supposed to make a report about the burglary.
3. Must + have + P2 = chắc là đã, hẳn là đã
Chỉ một kết luận logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có đã xảy ra ở quá khứ
VD: The grass is wet. It must have rained last night.
Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.
4. Would + have + Past Participle: (đã . . . rồi) dùng trong câu điều kiện loại III.
VD: If I had had enough money, I would have bought that Honda.
5. Can’t + have + Past Participle: dùng để chỉ một sự việc gần như chắc chắn không thể xảy ra.
VD: Last night, Mary can’t have gone out with John because she had to be at home to do her homework.
6. Need(not) + Have + past participle: Cần hoặc không cần làm điều gì trong quá khứ.
Eg: - You needn’t have bought her such a precious present.
- We needn’t have gone to the supermarket. There’s enough food at home.
7. Would rather + Have + past participle: Ước muốn đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ
Eg: - The film at the cinema was boring. I would rather have stayed home to watch TV.
- He studied French at schoo; only because his parents wanted him. He would rather have studied English
I. Choose the correct answer in each of the following sentences according to meaning and tense.
1. If I had a bicycle, (I would / I will) ride it every day.
2. George (would have gone / would go) on a trip to Chicago if he had had time.
3. Marcela didn’t come to class yesterday. She (will have had / may have had) an accident.
4. John didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. John (must have done/ should have done) his
homework.
5. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine o’clock. She (must have forgotten/ must forget) about our meeting.
6. Where do you think Juan is today? I have no idea. He (should have slept / may have slept) late.
7. George missed class today. He (might have had / might had had) an accident.
8. Robert arrived without his notebook. He (could have lost / would have lost) it.
9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. (He should have driven / shouldn’t have driven) so fast.
[Link]’s car stopped on the highway. It (may run / may have run) out of gas.
II. Choose between “must + have + Past participle” and “should + have + Past participle”
1. Hendry was deported for having an expired visa. He (have)____________ his visa renewed.
2. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)___________ sick.
3. The photos are black. The X rays at the airport (damage)___________ it.
4. Blanca got parking ticket. She (not, park)______________ in a reserved spot, since she had no permit.
5. Mary did very well on the exam. She (study)_____________ very hard.
6. Jean did very badly on the exam. She (study)_____________ harder.
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)____ very proud.
8. John isn’t here yet. He (forget)______________ about our meeting.
9. Alex failed the exam. He (not, study)_____________ enough.
III. Give the correct perfect modal and verb form for the following sentences. Sometimes negative forms are used.
1. Gloria has won every game she's played today. She ___________________ (practice) a lot.
2. I don't have anything to wear today. I _____________________(do) the laundry.
3. Jack lost his wallet on the way to work. He ______________________ (lose) it on the bus.
4. You did very well on the exam. You _____________________ (study) a lot.
5. The Smiths _______________________ (build) their house anywhere. Why did he choose here?
6. It's hot in here today. I _______________________ (wear) a heavy sweater today.
7. You __________________________(feed) your dog. He has been hungry all day.
8. Lucy shouldn't have stood on the broken chair. She ____________________ (fall).
9. I _________________________(buy) more milk. I am almost out.
10. I didn't do very well on the test. I ________________ (spend) more time studying.
11. Susan failed her Economics 201 last term. She ___________ very upset (be).
12. - This computer isn’t fast enough.
_ I know. I ____________ a better one, but I didn’t have enough money when I bought this last month. (buy)
13. Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? _You ____________with Barbara. (stay)
14. Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right._ He’s lucky _ he __________ himself badly.(hurt)
15. The situation was bad but it ___________ worse. (be)
16. You have been traveling all day. You ____________tired (be)
17. I’ve lost one of my gloves. I ____________it somewhere (drop)
18. Jane walked past me without speaking. She ______________me (see)
19. The phone rang but I didn’t hear it . I ____________asleep (be)
20. I haven’t seen the people next door for ages . They __________ (go away)
21. That restaurant ____________very good. It’s always full of people. ( be)
22. That restaurant ___________very good. It’s always empty. (be)
23. Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ______________short of money ( be)
24. Ted isn’t at work today. He _____________ill. ( be)
25. Ted wasn’t at work last week. He _______________ ill( be )
26. It was a great party last night. You _________ ___. Why didn’t you? (come)
27. I’m feeling sick. I _______________so much chocolate . ( eat)
28. You went to bed very late last night . You ____________ to bed earlier.(go)
29. I wonder why they are so late. They ______________ here an hour ago.( be)
30. I’m sorry I didn’t take your advice . I ______________what you said (do)
31. She was too far away, so she _____________ you.( not /see)
32. Don passed the exam without studying for it. _ The exam ___________very difficult ( be)
33. She knew everything about our plans. _ She __________to our conversation (listen)
34. The lights were red but the car didn’t stop. _ The driver ____________the red light ( see)
35. The trip was canceled last week. Paul _______anyway because he was ill (go)
IV. Rewrite the following sentences, using the modal verb in the bracket.
1. It was a mistake not to bring your umbrella. (should)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. I can imagine how worried Tom’s father was. (must)……………………………………………………………
3. It is possible that one of the men died on the mountain. (may)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. It wasn’t necessary for you to do all this work. (needn’t)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It was a mistake for you to buy that house. (shouldn’t)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. I don’t think Sally enjoyed her holiday. (can’t)…………………………………………………………………..
7. Perhaps Alan didn’t mean what he said. (mightn’t)………………………………………………………………
8. It was the driver’s fault. He didn’t stop at the red light. (should)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. It’s possible that I left my wallet at home. (could)…………………………………………………………….....
10. Perhaps he spent all his money when he was young. (might)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
V. Rewrite the following sentences
1. These young men became doctors after six years training.
→After these young men _____________________________________________________________________
2. He was sorry he hadn’t said goodbye to her at the airport.
→He regretted _____________________________________________________________________________
3. They failed to find out a solution to the problem.
→They didn’t succeed _______________________________________________________________________
4. When do you think this bridge was built? (OLD)→________________________________ ______________
5. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second child.
→Only when ______________________________________________________________________________
6. You might fall if you are not careful. → Be ____________________________________________________
7. The only way you can become a good athlete is to train hard every day.
→Only by ________________________________________________________________________________
8. He speaks more persuasively than his brother.→He is ___________________________________________
9. He can speak French well enough to go to the conference. (FLUENT)
→_______________________________________________________________________________________
10The decorators have finished the whole of the first floor.
→We have ________________________________________________________________________________
11. If you want my advice, I would forget about buying a new house.
→If I ____________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
breath punctually present previous suitable candles
wrap actually pleased startled caused however
Last week, Jack invited me to his birthday party. I spent a long time deciding what I should buy as (1) _______
for him. Finally, I decided to buy him a clock. I went to the nearby shopping centre to look for a (2) _______ one.
Eventually, I chose a small, blue alarm clock. After paying for it, I asked the salesgirl to (3) _______ it up.
On the day of the party, I arrived at Jack's house (4) ____ at 7 o'clock. Jack was very (5) ________ to see me and
thanked me for the present. Many of our classmates have already arrived. We talked about the soccer match the (6)
________ night between Manchester United and Juventus.
At 8 o'clock, Jack's mother brought out a birthday cake. On it were seventeen lighted (7) ________ We all wished
Jack a happy birthday. Jack blew out the candles in a single (8) ________ . He then began opening his presents. Just as he
was about to open the present I had given him, there was a loud ringing sound. (9) _______, Jack dropped the present. I
realized that the ringing sound was (10) ________ caused by the alarm clock. When I told everyone what the sound was,
they all laughed.
VII. Complete the passage with the correct verb form.
1/ (1)____________________ (you/ ever/ be) in a cable car? Well I have. Last February, I (2)
___________________ (go) on a ski strip to Switzerland. What a trip! The first morning, I (3) ___________________
(get) into a cable car. I (4) __________________ (want) to go to the top of the mountain and (5)
___________________.The cable car (6) ____________________ (start) up the mountain. I (7) ___________________
(look) down, and it was so beautiful. Then there (8) ____________________ terrible noise. Suddenly the car (9)
___________________ (stop). It (10) ____________________ (not move), and there was quiet everywhere.
It was cold, and it (11) ___________________ (begin) to get dark and snow. I (12) _________________ (be) alone
for one hour, two hours. I thought, "They (13) _____________________ (forgot) me!" At last the car started back down
the mountain. It went very fast. "Sorry" a man said when 1 (l4) ____________________ (climb) out of the car. "We (15)
___________________ (never/ have) this problem before. Please, try again tomorrow." "He (16)
____________________ (joke)," I thought. "I (17) ___________________ (have) enough of cable car for a lifetime."
2/ LITTLE MARY
This ……………………. (be) a true story about Mary. She ……………………… (be) a little girl who
…………………………. (die) in a fire at Singleton Community Center in Bartlett, Tennessee. Mary
……………………… (go) to school at Singleton. One day there ……………………. (be) a terrible fire in the lunch
room. Everyone ………………………. (get) out except for Mary. The city …………………………… (cannot) find her
parents. Ever since there ……………………………….. (be) a little girl in a white dress who ……………………………
(ask) people to use the phone, she ……………………. (tell) them, "I ………………………. (need) to call home" then she
………………………………. (disappear). Many ………………………………. (see) her just walking the halls and
sometimes crying on the steps of the stage. I …………………………….. (have) an encounter with her, too. My friend
and I ……………………………. (play) cards in the hallway. It …………………….. (be) nice and warm inside although
it ………………………….. (snow) outside. Suddenly it …………………………… (get) cold even though no windows
or doors ………………….……………….. (open). When I ………………………… (turn) around I
………………………. (see) a little girl standing there only about a foot away from me, then she
……………………………………. (disappear).
3/ One cold winter morning on December 17th, a small blue car stopped on a bridge in a provincial town in
Northern Germany. Three man dressed in heavy black coats got out and stood on the bridge. While they (1-
wait).................................. there, they kept on (2-look).............................. over the side. Fifteen minutes later, a motor
boat (3-sail)................................ past and drew up by the river bank. Three men got out of the boat and look up at the
bridge. The men on the bridge silently walked down the stone steps (4-lead)............................ to the river bank. No words
(5-speak).................................... when they met the men from the boat. After a while, the motor boat (6-
move)................................. off and three men returned to the bridge. Now only two of them (7-
wear).................................black coats. The third (8-dress).................................. in a light grey jacket. Anyone who (9-
watch)...............................the scene might not have realized the two master spies (10-exchange) ......................................
on that cold winte4r morning.
 4/ Ever since the day I decided to move to London, I have been worrying whether the decision I (1)
…......................... (take) was the right one. As I have already sold my house and (2) ..........................… arrange) a
new job, It is too late to change my mind. However, since then I have heard a lot of negative things about living in the
capital, and lately some of them have begun to bother me. I (3) …........................... (grow up) in a fair small town and
I have spent all my life there. I (4) ….................................... (already want) to live in big city and so when my
company (5) ................................. (offer) me a job in their London office, I grabbed at the chance. But according to a
program I (6) …............................... (just hear) on the radio, more and more people (7) …................................. (stop)
working in London recently, and a lot of large companies have chosen to move away from the centre . Of course I (8)
….................................... (tell) my parents that I am moving and they (9) ..................................... (accept)my decision,
but when I told my friends they seemed rather shocked. Since then I (10) …................................ (hope) secretly that
the company would tell me that the move was off.
VIII. Read the following passage and circle the best answer for each question
At 7pm on a dark, cold November evening, thousands of people are making their way across a vast car park. They're
not here to see a film, or the ballet, or even the circus. They are all here for what is, bizarrely, a global phenomenon: they
are here to see Holiday on Ice. Given that most people don't seem to be acquainted with anyone who's ever been, the
show's statistics are extraordinary: nearly 300 million people have seen Holiday on Ice since it began in 1943; it is the
most popular live entertainment in the world.
But what does the production involve? And why are so many people prepared to spend their lives travelling round
Europe in caravans in order to appear in it? It can't be glamorous, and it's undoubtedly hard work. The backstage
atmosphere is an odd mix of gym class and workplace. A curtained-off section at the back of the arena is laughably
referred to as the girls' dressing room, but is more accurately described as a corridor, with beige, cracked walls and cheap
temporary tables set up along the length of it. Each girl has a small area littered with pots of orange make-up, tubes of
mascara and long false eyelashes.
As a place to work, it must rank pretty low down the scale: the area round the ice-rink is grey and mucky with rows
of dirty blue and brown plastic seating and red carpet tiles. It's an unimpressive picture, but the show itself is an
unquestionably vast, polished global enterprise: the lights come from a firm in Texas, the people who make the audio
system are in California, but Montreal supplies the smoke effects; former British Olympic skater Robin Cousins is now
creative director for the company and conducts a vast master class to make sure they're ready for the show's next
performance.
The next day, as the music blares out from the sound system, the cast start to go through their routines under Cousins'
direction. Cousins says, The aim is to make sure they're all still getting to exactly the right place on the ice at the right
time - largely because the banks of lights in the ceiling are set to those places, and if the skaters are all half a metre out
they'll be illuminating empty ice. Our challenge,' he continues, 'is to produce something they can sell in a number of
countries at the same time. My theory is that you take those things that people want to see and you give it to them, but not
in the way they expect to see it. You try to twist it. And you have to find music that is challenging to the skaters, because
they have to do it every night.'
It may be a job which he took to pay the rent, but you can't doubt his enthusiasm. 'The only place you'll see certain
skating moves is an ice show,' he says, 'because you're not allowed to do them in competition. It's not in the rules. So the
ice show world has things to offer which the competitive world just doesn't.' Cousins knows what he's talking about
because he skated for the show himself when he stopped competing - he was financially unable to retire. He learnt the
hard way that you can't put on an Olympic performance every night. 'I'd be thinking, these people have paid their money,
now do your stuff, and I suddenly thought, "I really can't cope. I'm not enjoying it".' The solution, he realised, was to give
75 per cent every night, rather than striving for the sort of twice-a-year excellence which won him medals.
To be honest, for those of us whose only experience of ice-skating is watching top-class Olympic skaters, some of the
movements can look a bit amateurish, but then, who are we to judge? Equally, it's impossible not to be swept up in the
whole thing; well, you'd have to try pretty hard not to enjoy it.
1. According to paragraph 1 the writer is surprised to see that although Holiday on Ice is popular ______.
A. people often prefer other types of show
B. people prefer to see a film, the ballet, or the circus
C. most people consider it as a holiday
D. few people know someone who has seen it
2. From the phrase "it must rank pretty low down the scale" in paragraph 3 we can infer that ______.
A. Holiday on Ice has rather poor working condition B. Holiday on Ice has a very dirty place to work
C. skaters do not enjoy working in this place D. skaters do not earn much money from the job
3. Which of the following adjectives can be used to describe the backstage area?
A. glamorous B. relaxing C. messy D. old
4. It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that ______.
A. many companies are involved in the production B. it is difficult to find suitable equipment
C. the show needs financial support D. the show has been staged in many places
5. For Robin Cousins, the aim of the rehearsal is ______.
 A. to keep in time with the music B. to adjust the spotlights
C. to be acquainted with the stage D. to position the skaters on the ice
6. Cousins's theory on how to produce shows for different audiences is that ______.
A. he adapts movements to suit everyone B. he selects suitable music
C. he presents performances in an unexpected way D. he varies the routines every night
7. It is suggested in paragraph 5 that skating in shows ______.
A. enables skaters to visit a variety of places B. is as competitive as other forms of skating
C. can be particularly well paid D. allows skaters to try out original skating moves
8. The pronoun "them" in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. certain skating moves B. some famous skaters
C. some live performances D. certain ice shows
9. The phrase "the hard way" in paragraph 5 most likely means ______.
A. by working very hard B. by having expectations of others
C. through personal experience D. through doing things again and again
10. Which of the following is the writer's conclusion of Holiday on Ice?
A. Olympic ice-skating is more enjoyable than Holiday on Ice.
B. Everyone should enjoy watching Holiday on Ice.
C. Holiday on Ice requires more skills than Olympic ice-skating.
D. It is hard to know who really enjoys Holiday on Ice.
IX. Read the following passage and then choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space.
Easter
Easter is a holiday in late March or early April, the first Sunday after the first full moon after 21 March. Many people
(1)______ it with their family or have a short holiday/ vacation. It is also an important Christian (2)______. Easter
Sunday, the day of the Resurrection, is the end of Lent (3)______ the most important date in the Christian year. Many
people who do not go to church at other times go on Easter Sunday. It was once (4)______ for people to wear new clothes
to church on this day. Women (5)______new hats, called Easter bonnets. Today, people sometimes make elaborately
decorated Easter bonnets for fun. A few people send Easter (6)______with religious symbols on them or pictures of small
chickens, lambs, rabbits and spring flowers, all traditionally associated (7)______Easter.
The Friday before Easter Sunday is called Good Friday and is (8)______ as the day Christ was crucified (= hanged on
a cross to die). On Good Friday many people eat hot cross buns (= fruit buns decorated with a simple cross). The Monday
after Easter is called Easter Monday. In Britain, Good Friday and Easter Monday are both (9)______ holidays. In the US,
each company decides for itself (10)______ to close or remain open on those days.
1. A. take B. use C. spend D. expend
2. A. fair B. festival C. parade D. carnival
3. A. for B. as C. and D. nor
4. A. familiar B. ordinary C. common D. regular
5. A. put on B. take on C. bore D. wore
6. A. letters B. envelopes C. cards D. notes
7. A. toward B. with C. to D. from
8. A. missed B. recalled C. reminded D. remembered
9. A. family B. nation C. school D. bank
10. A. if B. how C. why D. whether
2/ If you’re an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tend to say with a sneer or a snarl. It has become a symbol
of our wasteful, throw-way society. But there seems little (1)_____ it is here to stay, and the truth is, of course, that
plastic has brought enormous (2)_____ even environmental ones. It’s not really the plastics themselves that are the
environmental (3)_____ – it’s the way society choose to use and (4)_____ them.
Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastic are made from oil, gas or coal – non-renewable natural
(5)_____ We (6)_____ well over three million tones of the stuff in Britain each year and, sooner or later, most of it is
thrown away. A high (7)_____ of our annual consumption is in the (8)_____ of packaging, and this (9)_____ about
seven per cent by weight of our domestic (10)_____ Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is, though the
plastic recycling (11)_____ is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy-rich – they have a higher calorific (12)_____ than coal and one
(13)_____ of ‘recovery’ strongly (14)_____ by the plastic manufacturers is the (15)_____ of waste plastic into a fuel.
1. A. evidence B. concern C. doubt D. likelihood
2. A. pleasures B. benefits C. savings D. profits
3. A. poison B. disaster C. disadvantage D. evil
4. A. dispose B. store C. endanger D. abuse
5. A. resources B. processes C. products D. fuels
6. A. remove B. import C. consign D. consume
7. A. portion B. amount C. proportion D. rate
8. A. way B. kind C form D. type
9. A. takes B. makes C. carries D. constitutes
10. A. refuse B. goods C. requirements D. rubble
11. A. manufacture B. plant C. factory D. industry
12. A. degree B. value C. demand D. effect
13. A. measure B. mechanism C. method D. medium
14. A. desired B. argued C. favored D. presented
15. A. conversion B. melting C. change D. replacement
X. Read the article about giving advice to teenagers about part-time jobs below. Choose the most suitable heading
from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is
an example at the beginning
PART-TIME JOBS FOR TEENAGERS
A. Carry out some research F. Not always straightforward
B. Better off working together? G. Working for free
C. They could do with you H. Pick a service to provide
D. Think positively I. Income and other benefits
E. Who to contact

0. I
As a teenager, you are likely to have both a fair amount of spare time and a desire to earn some money. By
working to earn money yourself, you can learn a lot about the value of things as well as the world of business. Typical
and obvious jobs for teenagers include working at a fastfood restaurant, working as a shop assistant or stacking shelves at
a supermarket.
1.
What you get out of a job like this depends on your attitude. If your attitude is “I hate this job” then obviously
you won’t benefit much from it; if, on the other hand, you look at it as an opportunity to learn how a business works from
the inside out, then the benefits can be great. Many of the new generation of millionaires, for example, are owners of
franchise and private restaurants. Owning a restaurant is not easy, however, and it requires knowledge and skill to be
successful, so start gathering this as a teenager. Try as many positions as possible and ask lots of questions about cash
flow, staffing, etc. Applying this attitude to any job you have will really pay off; you’ll learn a huge amount.
2.
For many teenagers, there are a variety of problems associated with getting a job. You may not be old enough or
you may lack reliable transportation. You may not have enough total time available or a regular enough schedule for
someone to be willing to hire you. You might not even be able to find a job in an area that you enjoy. If any of these
problems holds true for you, then working for yourself on a part-time basis may be the best way to go.
3.
Baby-sitting, for example, is a tried and tested way for responsible teenagers who like being with kids to make
money. There are several things you can do to make your services more valuable. Think about taking a first-aid course so
that you know how to handle emergencies. Secondly, you might want to consider teaming up with some like-minded
friends. That way your group will be able to say yes more often, increasing the amount of work you’re offered.
4.
If baby-sitting doesn’t appeal to you, then you might want to consider garden care. During the summer you mow
lawns, trim hedges and so on, in the autumn you rake leaves and in the winter you shovel snow! Indoor house painting is
another option. Before undertaking this, you need to make sure you know what you are doing by working with someone
with experience and practising at home (but get your parents’ permission first!). Other activities include providing in-
home pet care when owners are on holiday; errand-running for busy people; washing cars for neighbours or teaching
people how to use computers or the Internet.
5.
One question you will have as soon as you choose an activity is “How much should I charge?” This is a question
which is best answered by doing a market survey. You’ll need to call around and ask potential customers what they are
used to paying and/or willing to pay, or ask your friends what they charge for similar activities. In the case of an activity
like car washing, you could also call garages in your area and ask what they charge.
6.
Another way of gaining experience is to offer your services to a small business. Although it may not be obvious
to you, every community has thousands of small firms which do all sorts of things: printing, plumbing, computer
programming, advertising and so on. Many of these could really benefit from a part-time helper who is reliable and
mature. In return, you can learn an amazing amount about the business. You will be surprised at how quickly you become
a valued part of the team.
7.
Volunteer positions are another option. You can volunteer your services at many hospitals, old people’s homes,
and most charitable organizations or political groups. You won’t earn any money, but you can gain valuable experience
and colleges and universities will be impressed by any volunteer work you have done.
XI. Use the prompts below to make meaningful sentences
1. Although / weather bureau / predict / there / be / heavy rain / it / sunny / this morning.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Tam / Linh / who / not come / class / yesterday / explain / absence / teacher.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Watch / which / give / me / mother / 14th birthday / be / invaluable / present.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Easter / joyful festival / which / celebrate / many countries / world.
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5. Thousands / people / save / because / scientists / warn / them / tidal wave
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6. The majority / earthquake / occur / around / pacific Rim / which / know / “Ring of Fire”.
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7. What / you / do / next / when / you / get / caught / thunderstorm / last night ?
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8. I / believe / UFOs / exist / articles / reports / newspapers / talk a lot / its appearance.
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9/ Internet / fast / convenient / way / get / information / which / update
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10. I / hope / pay a visit / your school / 26th / 27th June / if / not / be inconvenent
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11. Exercise / take regularly / improves / fitness / our body / mind.
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12. Economic / reform / one / most / important / measure / promote / development / country
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13. Many people / say / most / common / way / attract / someone / attention / by / wave.
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[Link] / have/ population/ 575.5 million/ account/ 8.7 %/ the world’s population.
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15. Defensive players / not/ allow/ interfere/ opponent’s movements/ unless/ player/ hold/ ball.
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XII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced diffenrently
from that of the rest.
1. A. breakfast B. scream C. deal D. please
2. [Link] [Link] C. headache D. beach
3. A. start B. churchyard [Link] D. vineyard
4. A. mother B. northern C. south [Link]
5. A. boxes B. classes C. requires D. finishes
6. A. man B. hat C. bag D. wall
7. A. plays B. stays C. bays D. says
8. [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 9. A. farm B. warm C. park D. garden
10. A. music B. hungry C. cup D. number
11. A. answered B. crowded C. enjoyed D. failed
12. A. find B. shine [Link] D. bridge
13. A. enough B. mountain C. pound D. about
14. A. famous B. paper C. plan D. wake
15. A. question B. invitation C. station D. vacation
16. A. agency B. cycle C. bicycle D. pity
17. A. tooth B. soon C. room D. good
18. [Link] B. color [Link] [Link]
19. A. degree B. lesson C. pence D. chess
20. A. watching B. machine [Link] [Link]
in advance: trước In tears: ñang khoùc. out of the ordinary: không bình
in the balance:ở thế cân bằng In tune: ñoàng ñieäu. thường
in all likelihood:có khả năng In focus: roõ neùt. out of the question: không thể
in common:có điểm chung In terms of: veà phöông dieän. thực hiện/khoâng theå ñöôïc
in charge of: chịu trách nhiệm In connection with: lieân quan out of the blue: baát tænh,baát
in dispute with sb/st:trong tình trạng tôùi. ngôø baát thình lìnhø
tranh chấp với In conjunction with: lieân keát out of the red = out of debt:
in fear of doing st: lo sợ điều gì vôùi. heát nôï
in short: tóm lại In question: ñang ñöôïc baøn out of patience: khoâng nhòn
in trouble with: gặp rắc rối về tôùi. ñöôïc.
in turn:lần lượt In chaos: hoãn ñoän. out of doubt: khoâng nghi ngôø
in silence:trong sự yên tĩnh In action: ñang chuyeån ñoäng. gì nöõa/chaéc chaén
in recognition of: được công nhận In concert with: ñoáng söùc, out of number: khoâng ñeám
in no time at all: trong thôøi ñoàng loøng vôùi.. xueå/voâ soá
gian ngaén, moät thoaùng. In the long run: veà laâu veà out of curiousity: vì toø moø
In the mean time: cuøng luùc daøi. out of busy: baän toái maét
In doubt: coøn nghi ngôøi In the short run: tröôùc maét. toái muõi.
In all aspect: trong moïi khía In admiration: moät caùch out of turn: khoâng ñuùng löôït.
caïnh ngöôõng moä. out of hearing: nghe khoâng
In the face of: ñöông ñaàu vôùi In ruins: ñang ñoå naùt. roõ
In accordance with: tuaân theo. In exchange for: ñeå ñoåi laáy. under the impression: có cảm tưởng
In despair (about): thaát voïng In confusion: ñang bò boái roái. rằng
veà In the name of: nhaân danh. under cover of: đôi lốt, giả danh
In sight: troâng thaáy In association with: lieân keát under guarantee: đc bảo hành
In answer/respond to: ñeå ñaùp vôùi. under an (no) obligation to do : có
laïi. In an attempt to: coá gaéng (không) có bổn phận làm gì
In the charge of: döôùi söï cai In the majority: soá ñoâng. under suspicion:đang nghi ngờ
quaûn cuûa. In consequence of: do ñoù, under the influence of: dưới ảnh hưởng
In collaboration with: coäng bôûi vì. của
taùc vôùi. on behalf of: thay mặt cho under the law:theo pháp luật
In comfort: thoaûi maùi. on board:trên tàu under the leadership of: döôùi söïï laõnh
In decline: ñang suy giaûm. on loan: đi vay mượn ñaïo cuûa
In demand: ñang coù nhu caàu. on strike: đình công under the domination of: döôùi söï
In dispute: baát ñoàng on the verge of: đang đứng bên bờ/ sắp thoáng trò cuûa
In distress: ñang gaëp thaûm sửa. under the eye of someone: döôùi sö
kòch. on the sidewalk: treân væa giaùm saùt cuûa
In harmony: moät caùch hoøa heø. under a curse: bò nguyeàn, bò buøa,
hôïp on the occasion of: nhaân dòp. bò chaøi
In high spirits: ñang vui on the side of: veà phe without delay: không trậm trễ, không
In favor with sb: ñöôïc ai yeâu on account of: bôûi vì. trì hoãn
meán. on the edge of: ôû saùt/caïnh at any rate: bất kì giá nào
In one way or another: baèng gì. at risk: đang gặp nguy hiểm
caùch naøy hay caùch khaùc on the point of: saép at first sight: ngay từ cái nhìn đầu tiên
In pieces: thaønh töøng maûnh. on the spot: ngay laäp töùc. at a glance: liếc nhìn
In stock: trong kho. out of character: xa lạ với tinh at a loss: thua lỗ
In the shade: trong boùng cách thường ngày at a profit: có lãi
raâm. out of focus: lờ mờ at once: ngay lập tức
by surprise: 1 cách kinh ngạc for fear of: lo sợ về
by coincidence: ngẫu nhiên for the time being: tạm thời