NOTES
CLASS 1
HTML
World Wide Web
Client Server Architecture
History of the World Wide Web
Origins of the WWW
The World Wide Web (WWW) was invented in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee,
a scientist at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).
His vision was to create a system that allowed researchers to
easily share information through a network of hyperlinked
documents.
Evolution of the Web
● Static Websites (Early 1990s) – Websites were simple
text-based pages with hyperlinks.
● Web 1.0 (Mid-1990s to Early 2000s) – Read-only websites with
limited interactivity.
● Web 2.0 (2004 - Present) – User-generated content, social
media, dynamic websites, and interactivity.
● Web 3.0 (Emerging) – Decentralization, AI-driven web
experiences, and blockchain-based applications.
Key Milestones
● 1990 – First-ever website ([Link]) was created.
● 1993 – Mosaic, the first graphical web browser, launched.
● 1994 – Netscape Navigator dominated the browser market.
● 1998 – Google was founded, revolutionizing web search.
● 2004 – Facebook was launched, marking the rise of social
media.
● 2008 – Google Chrome was introduced, making browsing faster.
● Present Day – AI, cloud computing, and progressive web apps
(PWAs) shape the web.
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Internet vs. World Wide Web
Internet – A global network that connects computers and allows
communication.
World Wide Web (WWW) – A collection of websites and web pages
accessed through the internet.
Browsers & Search Engines
Browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari) help users view
web pages.
Search Engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo) help users find
relevant content.
Client-Server Architecture
The client-server model is the foundation of the web. It
describes how devices (clients) communicate with remote
computers (servers) to exchange data.
How It Works
● Client (User’s Device) – A browser or app that sends a
request (e.g., loading a webpage).
● Server (Hosting Computer) – Processes the request and sends
back a response.
Example of Client-Server Interaction
● You enter "[Link]" in a browser.
● The browser (client) sends a request to Google’s server.
● The server processes the request and sends back the webpage.
● The browser displays the webpage to you.
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Common Server Types
● Web Servers – Host websites (e.g., Apache, Nginx).
● Database Servers – Store and manage data (e.g.,
MySQL, MongoDB).
● Application Servers – Handle business logic (e.g.,
[Link], [Link]).
Front End and Back End of a Website
Front End (Client-Side Development)
The front end is the part of a website that users interact with. It
includes:
● HTML – Structure of web pages.
● CSS – Styling and layout.
● JavaScript – Adds interactivity.
● Frameworks/Libraries – [Link], Angular, [Link].
Back End (Server-Side Development)
The back end is responsible for processing requests, handling
databases, and managing business logic. It includes:
● Programming Languages – JavaScript ([Link]),
Python, Java, PHP.
● Databases – MongoDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL.
● Server Frameworks – [Link], Django, Spring Boot.
How Front End and Back End Work Together
● User clicks a button on the front end.
● The front end sends a request to the back end.
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● The back end processes the request and interacts with the
database if needed.
● The back end sends data back to the front end.
● The front end displays the response to the user.
Real-World Example
E-commerce Website (Amazon, Flipkart)
● Front End: Displays products, buttons, and
checkout pages.
● Back End: Processes orders, verifies payments, and updates
inventory
Conclusion
● The World Wide Web started with simple pages and evolved
into a dynamic, user-driven platform.
● The client-server model powers all internet interactions.
● Front-end and back-end technologies work together to create
seamless digital experiences.