Temperature
Sensor
PROCESS SENSORS
Compiled by: ENGR BEN B. ANDRES, DEM, PECE, ACPE, AER
Temperature sensor is a device that detects and
measures temperature. It acquires information from
“real world”.
Temperature sensors are used in monitoring,
compensation, and control.
THERMOCOUPLE SENSORS
A thermocouple is a device consisting of two dissimilar
conductors or semiconductors that contact each other at one or more
points. A thermocouple produces a voltage when the temperature of one
of the contact points differs from the temperature of another, in a
process known as the thermoelectric effect. Thermocouples are a widely
used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control, and can
also convert a temperature gradient into electricity.
HTST Pasteurization Process
Heat
Treatment
Thermocouple
APPLICATIONS
- Plastic injection molding machinery
- Food processing equipment
- Semiconductor processing
- Heat treating
- Medical equipment
- Industrial heat treating
- Packaging equipment
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
-Simple, Rugged -Least stable, least
-High temperature repeatable
operation -Low sensitivity to small
-Low cost temperature changes
-No resistance lead -Extension wire must be
wire problems of the same thermocouple
type
-Point temperature -Wire may pick up
sensing radiated electrical noise if
-Fastest response to not shielded
temperature -Lowest accuracy
changes
RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE
DETECTORS (RTDs)
The RTD is a temperature sensing device whose
resistance changes with temperature. The RTD
exhibits behavior which is more accurate and
more linear over wide temperature ranges than a
thermocouple.
RTD Measurements and Monitoring
for Roaster Control ENVIRONMENT
PROBE
RTD BEAN PROBE
sensor
APPLICATIONS
-Air conditioning and refrigeration servicing
-Furnace servicing
-Foodservice processing
-Medical research
-Textile production
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- Most stable over - High cost
time - Slowest response time
-Most accurate - Low sensitivity to small
-Most repeatable temperature changes
temperature Sensitive to vibration
measurement (strains the platinum
-Very resistant to element wire)
contamination and - Decalibration if used
beyond sensor’s
corrosion of the RTD temperature ratings
element - Somewhat fragile
THERMISTOR
Thermistors are made from certain metal oxides
whose resistance decreases with increasing
temperature. Because the resistance characteristic
falls off with increasing temperature they are
called negative temperature coefficient (NTC)
sensors.
Engine Coolant
Thermistor
APPLICATIONS
Most are seen in medical equipment markets.
Thermistors are also used are for, oil, and air
temperature measurement in the
transportation industry.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- High sensitivity - Limited temperature
to small range
temperature - Fragile
changes - Some initial
- Temperature accuracy “drift”
measurements - Decalibration if used
become more beyond the sensor’s
stable with use temperature ratings
- Copper or nickel - Lack of standards
extension wires for replacement
can be used
IC TEMPERATUR SENSORS
These are small and result from the fact that
semiconductor diodes have voltage-current
characteristics that are temperature sensitive.
Temperature measurement ranges that are small
compared to thermocouples and RTDs, but can be
quite accurate and inexpensive.
APPLICATIONS
- Hard Disk Drives
- Personal Computers
- Electronic Test Equipment
- Office Equipment
- Domestic Appliances
- Process Control
- Cellular Phones
PRESSURE
SENSORS
PROCESS SENSORS
Pressure sensors are used to monitor pressure of
fluids in pipes, hydraulic, and engines. It is also used
in order to determine the pressure of gasses or
solids.
TYPES OF PRESSURE SENSOR
Gauge Type
Absolute Type
Differential Type
Gauge - a sensor measuring the difference of the
medium gauge and the atmospheric pressure,
therefore one side of the membrane is always
atmospheric pressure.
Absolute - is referenced to vacuum, so one side
absolute of the membrane is vacuum.
Differential - a sensor is referenced to another
pressure and can measure the difference
between the two pressures, so both sides can be
anything.
GAUGE PRESSURE SENSOR
In medical
technology suction
devices apply
negative gage
pressure (vacuum)
to remove
secretion or mucus
in wound therapy,
surgery or
emergency
applications.
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE SENSOR
Absolute pressure
sensors ensure that
a fixed vacuum
pressure is applied
in vacuum
packaging
machines to seal
and preserve food
independent of the
local daily air
pressure.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SENSOR
Differential pressure sensor
is used in filter monitoring.
When the filter starts to clog
the flow resistance and
therefore the pressure drop
across the filter will
increase. Differential
pressure sensors control this
pressure drop and trigger an
alarm if critical values are
reached.