Simple Java Program
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Hello, World!");
}
}
Line-by-Line Explanation
public class Main
public
Access modifier.
Means this class can be accessed from anywhere.
Think of it like:
“Everyone can use this class.”
class
Blueprint/template for objects and code.
Every Java program contains at least one class.
Main
Class name.
Can be any valid name.
Example:
class MyProgram
Curly Braces
{
}
Define code blocks.
Everything inside belongs to the class or method.
Main Method
public static void main(String[] args)
This is the most important line in a Java program.
Java starts execution from main().
public
Accessible from anywhere.
static
Method belongs to class itself.
No object needed to run it.
void
Method returns nothing.
Example:
void test()
means no return value.
main
Entry point of Java application.
Program starts here.
(String[] args)
Stores command-line arguments.
String[] means array of strings.
Usually beginners don’t use it immediately.
Printing Output
[Link]("Hello, World!");
System
Built-in Java class.
Contains useful tools.
out
Output stream object.
Used to display text.
println()
Prints text and moves to next line.
Example:
[Link]("Hi");
[Link]("Bye");
Output:
Hi
Bye
"Hello, World!"
String/text value.
Strings use double quotes.
Ends statement.
Almost every Java statement ends with semicolon.
Complete Program Flow
1. Java starts program
2. main() method runs
3. println() executes
4. Text appears on screen
5. Program ends
Example Output
Hello, World!
Variables
String name = "John";
int age = 20;
String
Datatype for text.
Example:
String city = "Dubai";
int
Datatype for whole numbers.
Example:
int marks = 95;
Assignment operator.
Stores value into variable.
Printing Variables
[Link](name);
[Link](age);
Output:
John
20
Taking User Input
import [Link];
Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);
[Link]("Enter your name: ");
String name = [Link]();
Scanner
Built-in class for user input.
new Scanner([Link])
Creates Scanner object.
Reads keyboard input.
nextLine()
Reads full line of text.
Example:
Enter your name: Alex
Combining Text and Variables
[Link]("Hello " + name);
If:
name = "Alex";
Output:
Hello Alex
Concatenation operator.
Joins strings together.
If Condition
int age = 18;
if (age >= 18) {
[Link]("Adult");
}
if
Checks condition.
>=
Greater than or equal to.
Examples:
10 >= 5 // true
3 >= 8 // false
Else Condition
if (age >= 18) {
[Link]("Adult");
} else {
[Link]("Minor");
}
else
Runs when condition is false.
For Loop
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
[Link](i);
}
Output:
0
1
2
3
4
for
Repeats code multiple times.
i++
Increases value by 1.
Equivalent:
i = i + 1;
While Loop
int count = 1;
while (count <= 3) {
[Link](count);
count++;
}
Output:
1
2
3
Methods
public static void greet() {
[Link]("Hello");
}
Method
Reusable block of code.
Calling Method
greet();
Output:
Hello
Method with Parameter
public static void greet(String name) {
[Link]("Hello " + name);
}
Calling
greet("Sam");
Output:
Hello Sam
Arrays
String[] fruits = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange"};
Stores multiple values.
Access Array Item
[Link](fruits[0]);
Output:
Apple
Array Indexes
Index Value
0 Apple
1 Banana
2 Orange
Classes and Objects
class Person {
String name;
}
Creating Object
Person p1 = new Person();
[Link] = "Alex";
new
Creates object from class.
Accessing Object Data
[Link]([Link]);
Output:
Alex
Constructor
class Person {
String name;
Person(String n) {
name = n;
}
}
Constructor
Special method.
Runs automatically when object created.
Creating Object with Constructor
Person p1 = new Person("Alex");
Important Java Concepts Summary
Concept Meaning
Class Blueprint for objects
Object Instance of class
Method Reusable code
Variable Stores data
Loop Repeats code
Condition Decision making
Array Multiple values
Constructor Initializes object
String Text datatype
Scanner User input tool