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SQL 2

This document provides an overview of SQL statements used to perform actions on databases, including selecting, updating, deleting, and inserting data. It emphasizes the use of SQL keywords, which are case insensitive, and the importance of using semicolons to separate statements. The tutorial also introduces the Northwind sample database and outlines key SQL commands.

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nasir
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views28 pages

SQL 2

This document provides an overview of SQL statements used to perform actions on databases, including selecting, updating, deleting, and inserting data. It emphasizes the use of SQL keywords, which are case insensitive, and the importance of using semicolons to separate statements. The tutorial also introduces the Northwind sample database and outlines key SQL commands.

Uploaded by

nasir
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SQL Statements

Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2


3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.
Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database
systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;


In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8


The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address


1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8


The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address


1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8


The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address


1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8


The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address


1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address

1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8


The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

SQL Statements
Most of the actions you need to perform on a database are done with SQL
statements.

SQL statements consist of keywords that are easy to understand.

The following SQL statement selects all records from the table named
"Customers":

ExampleGet your own SQL Server


Select all records from the Customers table:

SELECT * FROM Customers;

In this tutorial we will teach you all about the different SQL statements.

Database Tables
A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified
by a name (e.g. "Customers" or "Orders"), and contain records (rows) with
data.

In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database


(included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).

Below is a selection from the Customers table used in the examples:

CustomerID CustomerName ContactName Address


1 Alfreds Futterkiste Maria Anders Obere Str. 57

2 Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo Avda. de la Constitución 2

3 Antonio Moreno Taquería Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

4 Around the Horn Thomas Hardy 120 Hanover Sq.

5 Berglunds snabbköp Christina Berglund Berguvsvägen 8

The table above contains five records (one for each customer) and seven
columns (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,
PostalCode, and Country).

REMOVE ADS

Keep in Mind That...


 SQL keywords are NOT case sensitive: select is the same as SELECT

In this tutorial we will write all SQL keywords in upper-case.

Semicolon after SQL Statements?


Some database systems require a semicolon at the end of each SQL
statement.

Semicolon is the standard way to separate each SQL statement in database


systems that allow more than one SQL statement to be executed in the same
call to the server.

In this tutorial, we will use semicolon at the end of each SQL statement.

Some of The Most Important SQL


Commands
 SELECT - extracts data from a database
 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

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