Visual: images, symbols, graphics

STA ● MODES OF COMMUNICATION

Formal vs Informal
UNDERSTANDING SPEECH AND
Synchronous (real time communication, in
COMMUNICATION sync or immediate) vs Asynchronous (delay,
no structural/specific request)
● BASIC CONCEPT OF
One-way vs Two-way
COMMUNICATION
Direct (straight forward) vs Indirect (implicit
way, relaying the message to others before
- exchange info, ideas, and feelings it reach the sender)
- Sender, message, channel, receiver,
feedback ● BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION

Shannon Weaver Model:

Physical: noise, distance, environment
Source →Encoding→Channel
Psychological: emotions, perceptions
(noise)→Decoding→Receiver
Cultural: language, customs
Semantics: word meanings
Schramm’s Interactive Model
- emphasis on feedback and
*[In this part, parang through verbal lang
interpretation
sinabi ni ma'am, WOOP framework]
- Unified, receiver and sender both
have their own interpretation of the
~Wish, Opportunities, Obstacle, Plan
message (we ask for clarification to
framework is a must rather than SMART. As
have a better interpretation).
we dream, we should think about the
obstacle then we can start by planning to
Berlo’s SMCR Model
make that wish come true.
Source→Message→Channel→Receiver
● MAKING COMMUNICATION
● COMMUNICATION CONTEXT
STRATEGIES WORK

Intrapersonal: self communication

Active Listening: shows engagement, eye
Interpersonal: one on one interaction
contacts, nodding,verbal feedbacks
Small Group: 3-12 people (team projects…)
Clear Message: choose communication
Public: large audience (more formal &
methods based on urgency, formality,
structure | classroom)
audience needs (why email be better than
Mass: media based communication
text for professional comms?)
(disperse audiences and one way)
Cultural Sensitivity: research and respect
cultural norms, ask questions respectfully
● LEVEL OF COMMUNICATIONS
when unsure of the words you're going to
use.
Verbal
Non-verbal
Para-verbal: tone, pitch, volume, speed

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms

Feedback: clarify, summarizing points, - Vowels produced w/ free airflow
question to ensure your messages was through vocal track
received correctly. - Consonants involve some
obstruction of airflow
● COMMUNICATION PROCESS - English has 20 vowels sounds and
REVIEW 24 consonants sounds

- elements successful communication ● BUILDING BLOCKS: Phonemes

- Importance of feedback
- Impact of context on message - smallest unit of sounds
delivery - English has 44 phonemes
- Role of understanding barriers - Combine to form all words in English

● UNDERSTANDING ● MASTERING ARTICULATION

COMMUNICATION SUCCESS
FACTORS - Precise movement of speech organs
- Key Articulator: lips, tongue, teeth,
- Elements of Communication hard/soft palete
Success: Clear messaging, active - Clear articulation requires proper
listening, appropriate channel positioning and timing.
selection, and effective feedback - Ensure the quality of timbre or tone
create the foundation for successful Common Challenges:
communication. */th/sounds (think/thing) - place
- Contextual Impact: The tongue between teeth
environment, audience size, */r/sound-curl tongue back without
formality level, and cultural setting all touching roof
shape how messages should be */l/sound-tongue tip to ridge behind
delivered. upper teeth
- Feedback Cycle: Two-way
communication requires both giving ● VOICE QUALITY COMPONENTS/
and receiving feedback to ensure THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
understanding. VOICE
- Barrier Management: Identifying and
addressing physical, psychological, - Resonance: sounds bounces around
cultural and semantic barriers (chest/head)
proactively improves communication Timbre: voice special color (warm/bright)
effectiveness. Tone: how voice express feelings
Register: chest voice vs head voice
● BASIC SPEECH SOUNDS
● UNDERSTANDING PITCH
- Biological part of the human body
- human speech: vowels and - High or low of voice
consonants - Vocal cord vibration speed

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms

 - to convey emotions like excitement ● TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEECHES
or surprise
- Informative Speeches: Share
● THE POWER OF PITCH knowledge or explain topics (like
teaching about dinosaurs)
- Pitch is how high or low your voice - Persuasive Speeches: Change
sounds. minds or inspire action (like
- Lower pitch often sounds more convincing classmates to recycle)
serious - Entertainment Speeches: Amuse or
- Higher pitch can show emotion like celebrate (like telling funny stories at
excitement or surprise a birthday)
- Ceremonial Speeches: Mark special
● VOLUME & INTENSITY occasions (like graduation
speeches)
- volume is power of voice projection - Demonstrative Speech - 'how to'
- depends on context and distance speech, combining informing with
- Dynamic range adds interest demonstrating. An extension of an
- environment factors will be informative process speech.
considered like whispering, normal
voice, or loud/projecting. ● GETTING TO KNOW YOUR
AUDIENCE
● SPEECH RATE & TIMING
- Who are they? (Age, interests,
- rate affects comprehension & knowledge level)
emotional impact. - What do they care about? (Their
- Average speech Rate: 120-150 needs and concerns)
words per minute. - Why should they listen? (Make it
- strategic pausing enhances meaning matter to them)
→ SPEED MATTERS, there must - Where and when will you speak?
be stress emphasizing and (Time and place)
conviction on a certain word.
(highlight of the text. Stress can ● STEPS TO PREPARE YOUR
change meaning in compound SPEECH
words, rhythm & pattern in speech)
- Choose your main idea (What's the
● VOICE MODULATION one thing they should remember?)
TECHNIQUES - Gather information (Find 3-4 fun
facts or key points)
- combining pitch, volume, rate - Make an outline (Introduction, main
changes points, conclusion)
- vocal variety to maintain interest - Practice out loud (Time yourself and
- matching the voice to message speak to a mirror)
content - Get feedback (Ask family or friends
to listen)

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms

 ● SPEAKING WITH CONFIDENCE ● SPECIAL FORMS OF SPEAKING
(Argumentative Speeches and
- Stand tall and keep your head up Debate)
- Make eye contact with different
people Argumentative speeches aim to persuade
- Speak clearly and not too fast through logical reasoning and evidence
- Use natural hand gestures (Core elements: Clear claim/position.
- Take deep breaths if you feel supporting evidence, addressing counter
nervous arguments)
Debate formats: Lincoln-Douglas, Policy,
Parliamentary.
METHODS OF SPEECH DELIVERY: HOW Toulmin Model components: Claim, Data,
TO PRESENT LIKE A PRO Warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal

What are Speech Delivery Methods?

- Different ways to give a presentation

or speech
- Each method has its own
advantages and challenges

● 4 MAIN TYPES OF DELIVERING ● CRAFTING SPECIAL OCCASION

SPEECHES SPEECHES

Impromptu Speaking: Speaking with little or Purpose: Celebrate, commemorate, inspire,

no preparation time or honor
(Examples: Class discussions, job Types: Tribute, eulogy, toast, acceptance,
interviews, answering questions) Requires dedication
quick thinking and confidence Key elements: Personal connection,
Extemporaneous Speaking: Speaking with appropriate tone, storytelling
outline/notes but not fully written out. Allows Monroe's Motivated Sequence often used:
for natural delivery while staying organized. (grab) Attention, (define) Need, Satisfaction
Most common method for presentations and (need), Visualization (solution), (call) Action
requires good preparation and practice
Memorized Speaking: Speech is completely
memorized word-for-word Good for short,
important speeches. Challenge, it may
sound stiff or unnatural
Manuscript Speaking: Reading directly from
a written speech it is used for formal
occasions or precise wording (Examples.
News broadcasts, graduation speeches)
Requires practice to maintain eye contact.

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms

 ● ORAL INTERPRETATION: - cultural significance & universal
BRINGING TEXT TO LIFE story patterns
- aside from knowing our audience,
Artistic performance of literature through you must always know urself.
vocal and physical expression Categories:
Prose, Poetry, Dramatic, Programmed ● ELEMENTS OF COMPELLING
Performance elements: Vocal variety, STORYTELLING
gesture, facial expression, movement Script
analysis: Character, mood, subtext, - Hook audience in the first 30
dramatic structure seconds— start w/ intrigue
- build tension through tragic
● UNDERSTANDING PROSE information reveal and pacing
INTERPRETATION - sensory details transport them into
ur story world
involves performing published short stories, - Classic Story: problem →
novels, or essays. Focus is on developing a complications → crisis point →
consistent narrative voice and clear story resolution
arc. May include limited character dialogue
and description. ● ADVANCED DELIVERY
TECHNIQUES

● LITERARY PERFORMANCE - mastering transitions between

ESSENTIALS delivery styles.
- adapting to audience reactions and
- voice and body become instruments energy using strategic pauses and
in oral interpretation silence
- pace changing to build suspense. - building emotional connection
Slow down = emotions | Speed up = through authenticity
actions
- distinct pitch and tone variation ● POETRY INTERPRETATION
- face tells the story (your expression) TECHNIQUE

● ART OF STORYTELLING - rhythm, meter, musical qualities of

language
- Hooking your audience/their - careful attention to line breaks and
attention poetic devices
- Components: Plot structure, - can be dramatic/lyrical
Character development, conflicts,
resolution ● DRAMATIC INTERPRETATION
- Techniques: Pacing, vocal, variety, ESSENTIALS
gesture, audience engagement
- Story Arc: exposition, rising action, - involve performing scenes from
climax, falling action, resolution plays, films, tv script

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms

 - requires distinct characterization & - Managing transitions between
emotional commitment actors/scenes.
- focuses on conflict and relationship
between characters ● STAGING AND SPACE
MANAGEMENT
● GROUP INTERPRETATION
(Reader's Theatre: Bringing Literary - Understanding performance space
to Life) and audience sight lines
- Coordinating entrances, exits, and
- Minimalist form of theatre where movement patterns
performances read directly from - Using levels and positioning to
script create visual interest
- vocal experience rather than - Managing props and set pieces
memorize/physical staging efficiently
- usually performed w/ readers seated - Creating effective stage pictures
or standing w/ music stands through blocking
- emphasizes collaboration and group
interpretation of text

● CHAMBER THEATER

- combines traditional theater w/

narrative storytelling

● ONE-ACT PLAY DYNAMIC

- complete and done in single act

- runs usually around 15-45 minutes
- condensed plot, limited characters
- emphasize economy of dialogue and
action
- requires right pacing and clean
character development

● GROUP PERFORMANCE
TECHNIQUES

- ensemble work requires

synchronized timing & shared
energy
- focus on building group chemistry &
trust
- importance of listening and
responding to fellow performers.

KC LUCAS | EN2-1 midterms