MIDAS Technical

Material

Tutorial
Deep Excavation Analysis

1
 Deep Excavation

Behaviors of Soil When It’s under excavation construction

Expected Results

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 Learning Objective

Overview
• This tutorial will explain the steps to be followed to perform Seepage-Stress Coupled Analysis for Deep Excavation.
• Partial Factor, Seepage-Stress Coupled analysis and Generate Report functions will be dealt.

Workflow

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7

- Importthe Cad
Drawing Material and Construction Perform and
Load and Analysis
- Additional Property Meshing Boundary Stage Case Analyse
work for Definition Conditions Definition Definition Results
Geometry

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Step
Building Model and Subsurface Layers
00
Building Road

Soil 1

Soil 2

Weathered Soil
35 m

Weathered Rock

60 m

2D Section

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Step
Shoring Design
00

2D Section

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Step
Material Properties
00
Material Properties
Elastic Unit Saturated Unit
Poisson’s Initial Void Cohesion Friction angle Permeability
Material Model Type Modulus Weight Weight
Ratio Ratio (kN/m2) (degrees) (m/sec)
(kN/m2) (kN/m3) (kN/m3)

Isotropic
Soil 1 17,000 0.35 17 18 0.5 7 25 9.78e-6
Mohr-Coulomb

Isotropic
Soil 2 20,000 0.35 19 20 0.5 15 30 9.78e-6
Mohr-Coulomb

Weathered Isotropic
30,000 0.35 17 18 0.5 46.7 25 9.58e-7
Soil Mohr-Coulomb

Weathered Isotropic
65,000 0.3 20 21 0.5 100 30 4.3e-7
Rock Mohr-Coulomb

Isotropic
Steel 205,939,600 0.16 78.5 - - - - -
Mohr-Coulomb

Isotropic
Con’c 24,645,000 0.18 23.53965 - - - - -
Mohr-Coulomb

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Step
1-1 Import CAD drawing and Divide the Edges
01
Procedure
2 4
1. Open GTS NX.
2. Project Title: enter “Excavation” , set
units as kN, m and sec 5
3 3
3. Select Model type 2D and Gravity dir
ection Y and click ‘OK’ 4
4. Click on GTS NX icon on the top left 4
corner of Interface and select Import
> DWG. 2
5. Select “Select AutoCAD DWG File 5
” and select “Shoring [Link]”.
And click ‘OK’.
6. Go to Geometry > Point & Curve >
Intersect. 3

7. ‘Ctrl+A’ on the keyboard to select all

the edges on screen and click ‘OK’.

6
7

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Step
1-2 Make Face & Check Materials and Properties
01
Procedure 2
1. Go to Geometry > Surface &
Solid > Make Face
2. Select outlines of the model and
Click ‘OK’
1
3. Go to Mesh > Prop./CSys./Func. > 2
Materials / Properties. Every
materials and properties has been
input already. Just check the
parameters inside page number 5.

**If you want to know defining the

material and property, Please refer to the
8th and 9th page.

3
3

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Step
2-0 Material Definition
02
Procedure 6
1. Go to Mesh > Prop/Csys/Func > 4
Material 3
2. Click on Create > Isotropic 1
3. Select Model type > Mohr-Coulomb
4. Name as ‘Soil1’
5
5. Under the General tab
Elastic Modulus > 17000 kN/m2
Poisson’s Ratio > 0.35 2
Unit Weight > 17 kN/ m3
6. In Porous tab
7
Saturated unit weight > 18 kN/ m3
Initial Void Ratio > 0.5
Permeability > 9.78e-6 m/sec
7. In Non-Linear tab
cohesion > 7 kN/ m3
Friction angle > 25 degrees
8. Click ‘OK’

Repeatedly, Define all the Materials

following the 5th page. 8

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Step
2-0 Property Definition
02
Procedure
Go to Mesh > Prop/Csys/Func >
Property 1
1. Click on Create > 2D
2
2. Select Model type > Plane Strain 3
3. Name as ‘Soil1’
4. Click ‘OK’

Repeatedly, Define all the Soil Pro 4

perties following the 5th page.

5
For the structural element property, 5 6
Go to Mesh > Prop/Csys/Func >
Property 4
5
5. Click on Create > 1D, Select Type >
Beam, Name as R.W and Assign
‘Steel’ Property.
6. Tick ‘Spacing’, Tick ‘Section’ and
select the section ‘UB 305x165x46’
for Retaining Wall.

Strut(Truss) : UB 305x165x46
King Post(Beam) : J 254x203x82
6

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Step
1-3 Imprint edges into the face & 2-1 Generate Mesh Set – Soil Elements
01
Procedure
1. Go to Geometry > Surface & 2
Solid > Imprint
1 2
2. Go to Curve type, Select the face as
a Target object. And Select all edges
on the screen as tool object. Then,
Choose ‘Direction of Shortest Path
Line’. Click ‘OK’

All setting for the mesh is done.

Now We’re making meshes.
3. Go to Mesh > Generate > 2D. Go to 2
‘Auto-Face’, Click the faces for the
Soil1 layer. Give 1 meter size and 2
assign Soil1 property. Name Soil1
and Click OK.

3 3

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Step
2-1 Generate Mesh Set – Soil Elements
02
Procedure
Repeatedly, Make Soil layers. 4
4. Select the face for the Soil2 layer.
Give 1 meter size, assign Soil2
property and name Soil2. And, Apply.
5. Select the face for the Weathered
Soil layer. Give 1 meter size, assign
Weathered Soil property and name
W.S. And, Apply.
6. Select the face for the Weathered
Rock layer. Give 1 meter size, assign 5
Weathered Rock property and name
W.R. And, Apply.

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Step
2-1 Generate Mesh Set – Soil Elements
02
Procedure
2
Make Excavation Part.
1
1. Select the face for the EX-1. Give 0.8
meter size, assign Soil1 property and
name EX-1. And, Apply.
2. Select the face for the EX-2. Give 0.8
meter size , assign Soil1 property
and name EX-2. And, Apply.
**Be careful : Second Excavation part is
divided with the different soil layers. So,
the user has to assign different soil
4
properties. 3
3. Select the face for the EX-2. Give 0.8
meter size , assign Soil2 property
and name EX-2. And, Apply.
4. Select the face for the EX-3. Give 0.8
meter size, assign Soil2 property and
name EX-3. And, Apply.
5. Select the face for the EX-4. Give 0.8
meter size, assign Soil2 property and 5
name EX-4. And, Apply.

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Step
2-2 Generate Mesh Set – Structural Elements
02
Procedure
2
Make Structural Elements.
1. Model > Geometry, Hide all the
Curves and Show only Face.
2. Go to Mesh > Element > Extract,
Select Type : Edge, Select
Retaining Wall lines. Assign R.W
Property, give name as R.W and
click ‘Apply’.

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Step
2-2 Generate Mesh Set – Structural Elements
02
Procedure
1. Select King Post lines. Assign King
Post Property, give name as K.P 3
and click ‘Apply’. 1
2. Hide All Geometry set.
3. Go to Mesh > Element > Create.
Select 1D type, Grab the Starting
Point & End Point of the First Strut,
Give Strut Property and Name it as
‘Strut-1’. Apply.
3
With the same process from 3.,
Make 4. Strut-2 and 5. Strut-3

4 5

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Step
2-2 Generate Mesh Set – Interface Element
02
Procedure 1
1. Go to Mesh > Element > Interface.
2. Select ‘From Truss/Beam’ Type.
3. Select the ‘R.W’ Mesh Set.
4. Tick ‘Merge Nodes’ and Select the
End Points of the Retaining Wall.
5. Click ‘Wizard’ and Assign Strength
Reduction Factor(R) as ‘0.67’. 5

6. Tick ‘Create Other Element’ and

select ‘Rigid Link’.
7. Click OK. 2

4
4
5

6
4 4

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Step
2-3 Generate Mesh Set – Align Element Coordinate System(Retaining Wall)
02
Procedure
0. Click the right button on the R.W
mesh set, Click Show Only and 0
Show/Hide Element CSys
1. Go to Mesh > Element >
Parameters.
2. Select 1D > Change Csys. 0
1
3. Select the ‘R.W’ Mesh Set.
4. Tick ‘Align 1D Base Element(Z, X-
Axis)’. And, Select the bottom one
from the left Retaining Wall.
5. Click Apply.
3
3
2

4
5

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Step
2-4 Generate Mesh Set – Align Element Coordinate System(King Post&Struts)
02
Procedure
0. Click the right button on the K.P 1
mesh set, Click Show Only and
Show/Hide Element CSys
1. Select the ‘K.P’ Mesh Set. 1
2. Tick ‘Align 1D Base Element(Z, X-
Axis)’. And, Select the bottom one.
3. Click Apply.
4. Select the ‘Strut-1, 2, 3’ Mesh Set.
5. Tick ‘Align 1D Base Element(Z, X- 2
Axis)’. And, Select the ‘Strut-3’.
6. Click Apply.

3 4
4

5 5

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Step
3-1 Assign Boundary/Load Condition(Constraint, Self Weight)
03
Procedure
1. Go to Static/Slope Analysis > 1 2
Boundary > Constraint.
2. Select Type : ‘Auto’.
3. Give Name as a B.C. and Apply.

4. Click ‘Self Weight’ under the

Static/Slope Analysis >
Boundary > Load. And, Check the
Components whether it goes with Gy. 3
Give name as S.W and Apply. 3

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Step
3-2 Assign Boundary/Load Condition(Pressure)
03
Procedure
1. Show Surface 2
2. Go to Static/Slope Analysis >
Load > Pressure.
3. Select Type : ‘Edge’. And Select the
Building Edge.
4. Change the type to Ref. CSys and
choose Y direction.
5. Give ‘-100kN/m’ and Name as a
Building and Apply.
6. Select Type : ‘Edge’. And Select the
Road Edge.
7. Change the type to Ref. CSys and 3 6
choose Y direction. 3 6
8. Give ‘-13kN/m’ and Name as a Road 4 7
and Apply.

5 8

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Step
3-3 Assign Boundary/Load Condition(Nodal Head)
03
Procedure 1

1. Go to Seepage/Consolidation
Analysis > Boundary > Nodal Head.
2. Select the nodes of the left outline of
the whole model.
3. Give value ‘32.2’.
2 6
4. Name as a ‘Water Level’.
5. Apply.
6. Select the nodes of the right outline
of the whole model.
7. Give value ‘33.7’.
6
8. Name as a ‘Water Level’. 2
9. OK. 3 7

4
8

5
9

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Step
3-4 Assign Boundary/Load Condition(Review Boundary)
03
Procedure
1 2
1. Go to Seepage/Consolidation
Analysis > Boundary > Review
2. Hide the structural elements sets
such as King Post, Struts, Line
Interface, Rigid Link.
3. Select the nodes of the first
excavation part’s bottom.(without the
nodes of the retaining wall locations.)
4. Give name as a ‘Review-1’. And
Apply. 3 3
5. Select the nodes of the second 5
excavation part’s bottom.(without the 4
nodes of the retaining wall locations.)
4 6 5
6. Give name as a ‘Review-2’. And
Apply.
7. Select the nodes of the third 6
excavation part’s bottom.(without the
nodes of the retaining wall locations.)
8. Give name as a ‘Review-3’. And
Apply.
9. Select the nodes of the fourth
excavation part’s bottom.(without the 7 9
nodes of the retaining wall locations.)
10. Give name as a ‘Review-4’. And
8 7 10
Apply.

8 10 9

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Step
3-5 Assign Partial Factor
03
Procedure
1. Go to Static/Slope Analysis >
Construction Stage > Partial 1
Factor.
2. Import Database ‘Eurocode 7 – DA1,
C2’. And Click ‘Assign’.
3. Give name as a ‘ULS’
3
4. Assign the factor to the materials.
5. Assign the factor to the loads.
2
6. Click Add. 5
4
7. Close.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Click the right button on the Stage
Set from Analysis work-tree. ‘Add 2
2
Construction Set’.
2. Select the ‘Stress-Seepage-Slope’
Stage type. Add it.
3. Change the Show Data to ‘Active’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Initial
stage(seepage)’.
2. Change to ‘Steady-State’. 6
1
3. Activate the elements sets(EX-1, EX-
2, EX-3, EX-4, Rigid Link, Soil1, 2
Soil2, WS, WR) by using Drag&Drop
from Set Data to Activated Data. 3
4. Activate the boundary
conditions(Boundary Condition,
Water Level) by using Drag&Drop
from Set Data to Activated Data.
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Initial
stage(stress)’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’. 6
1
3. Activate the boundary conditions(Self
Weight) by using Drag&Drop from 2
Set Data to Activated Data. 4
4. Tick the ‘Clear Displacement’.
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Surcharge’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’.
6
3. Activate the Static loads(Building, 1
Road) by using Drag&Drop from Set
Data to Activated Data. 2

4. Tick the ‘Clear Displacement’. 4

5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘R.W+K.P’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’.
7
3. Activate the elements sets(King Post, 1
Line Interface, Retaining Wall) by
2
using Drag&Drop from Set Data to
Activated Data. 5
3
4. Deactivate the elements sets(Rigid
Link) by using Drag&Drop from Set
Data to Deactivated Data.
5. Click ‘Clear Displacement’.
6. Save it.
7. Click ‘New’.
4

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-1(seepage)’.
2. Change to ‘Steady-State’.
6
3. Deactivate the elements sets(EX-1) 1
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to
Deactivated Data. 2

4. Activate the boundary

conditions(Review-1) by using
Drag&Drop from Set Data to
Activated Data. 4
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-1(stress)’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’. 4
7
3. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’. 1
3
4. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial 2
factor.
5. Click OK.
6. Save it.
7. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Strut-1’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’. 5
8
3. Activate the elements sets(Strut-1) 1
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data. 2

4. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’.

5. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial
factor.
6. Click OK.
7. Save it.
8. Click ‘New’.

6
3

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-2(seepage)’.
2. Change to ‘Steady-State’.
6
3. Deactivate the elements sets(EX-2) 1
and boundary condition(Review-1)
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to 2
Deactivated Data.
4. Activate the boundary
conditions(Review-2) by using
Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data.
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-2(stress)’.
4
2. Change to ‘Stress’.
7
3. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’. 1
3
4. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial 2
factor.
5. Click OK.
6. Save it.
7. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Strut-2’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’. 5
8
3. Activate the elements sets(Strut-2) 1
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data. 2

4. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’.

5. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial
factor.
6. Click OK.
7. Save it.
8. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-3(seepage)’.
2. Change to ‘Steady-State’.
6
3. Deactivate the elements sets(EX-3) 1
and boundary condition(Review-2)
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to 2
Deactivated Data.
4. Activate the boundary
conditions(Review-3) by using
Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data.
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-3(stress)’.
4
2. Change to ‘Stress’.
7
3. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’. 1
3
4. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial 2
factor.
5. Click OK.
6. Save it.
7. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘Strut-3’.
5
2. Change to ‘Stress’.
8
3. Activate the elements sets(Strut-3) 1
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data. 2

4. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’.

5. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial
factor.
6. Click OK.
7. Save it.
8. Click ‘New’.
6

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-3(seepage)’.
2. Change to ‘Steady-State’.
6
3. Deactivate the elements sets(EX-4) 1
and boundary condition(Review-3) 2
by using Drag&Drop from Set Data to
Deactivated Data.
4. Activate the boundary
conditions(Review-4) by using
Drag&Drop from Set Data to 4
Activated Data.
5. Save it.
6. Click ‘New’.

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Step
4-1 Define Construction Stage
04
Procedure
1. Give Name as a ‘EX-4(stress)’.
2. Change to ‘Stress’. 4
7
3. Tick the ‘Sub Stage…’. 1
3
4. Name as a ‘ULS’ using ULS partial 2
factor.
5. Click OK.
6. Save it.
7. Click ‘New’.

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 Step
4-2 Define Analysis Case
04
Procedure
1. Select Analysis > Analysis Case > 1

General.
4
2. Name as a ‘Deep Excavation’.
3. Change the Solution Type to
‘Construction Stage’.
5
4. Tick the ‘Automatically Consider 2
3
Water Pressure’.
5. Tick ‘Initial Stage for Stress
Analysis’, ‘Apply K0 Condition’ and 3
select the ‘2:Initial Stage(stress)’.
6. OK.
7. OK.

7 6

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 Step
4-3 Analysis
04
Procedure 1
1. Select Analysis > Perform

2. Check on ‘Deep Excavation’

3. Click ‘OK’
1

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 Step
Results – TY Translation (mm)
05
Procedure
1. Go to Results Tab, expand EX-
4(stress) construction stage. And
2
Under Displacements, Click on TY
Translation (V).
2. Expand EX-4(stress)_ULS
construction stage. And Under
Displacements, Click on TY
Translation (V).
3. Users can check the results
comparing to the normal version
and ULS version(partial factor)
3

Normal 4th Excavation Stage ULS 4th Excavation Stage

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 Step
Results – TX Translation (mm)
05
Procedure
1. Go to Results Tab, expand EX-
4(stress) construction stage. And
2
Under Displacements, Click on TX 1
Translation (V).
2. Expand EX-4(stress)_ULS
construction stage. And Under
Displacements, Click on TX
Translation (V).
3. Users can check the results
comparing to the normal version
and ULS version(partial factor)
3

Normal 4th Excavation Stage ULS 4th Excavation Stage

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 Step
Results – Total Translation (m)
05
Procedure
1
1. Select Result > Advanced > Multi
Step Iso.
2. Select the ‘Nodal Seepage Results’
6
from Result Category.
3. Select ‘PORE PRESSURE HEAD’.
4. And, give ‘0’ value
5. Plot. 2

6. Look at the water drawdown stage by

3
stage.

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Happy Modeling

45