ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Introduction to Matrix Methods
in
Structural Analysis
Lecture 2
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
2-D Frame Element cst
Member stiffness matrix:
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Partitions: Submatrices [k]ii, [k]ij, [k]ji, [k]jj
Location Source
(req’d force) (imposed displacement)
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
End Forces and End Displacements in
Local Member Axes
j j i j
i i
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
End Forces and End Displacements in
Global Coordinate Axis System
j i
j j
i i D1X
D2X
D3X
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Angle between
Local Member and Global Coordinate Axes (b or a)
Select the view direction(positive
edge) for each member
Near end is marked as node i, and far
end is marked as node j
Global Draw a vector in the dir of Global x -
x-axis axis at an arbitrary point on the
member
Draw another vector in the direction
from i to j.
Angle b is the angle measured in the
Global Global clockwise direction from the vector in
x-axis x-axis the Global x axis to the vector in ij
direction
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Transformation of Axes (Common Set of Axes)
Global Axes
b =ij çubuğu ile X ekseni arasındaki açı
Global Axes
Local Member b = angle of member ij
Axes measured from the
global x-axis
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Matrices for Axes Transformation
ith end jth end
1 0 0 1 0 0
T2 i 0 cos b sin b T2 j 0 cos b sin b
0 sin b cos b 0 sin b cos b
𝐷 𝑖𝑥 = 𝑇2 𝑖 𝐷 𝑖 𝐷 𝑇2 𝐷
𝑗𝑥 = 𝑗 𝑗
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Relationship between End Forces and End Displacements
𝑃 = 𝐾 𝐷 + 𝑃0
P1x P2 x D1x D2 x
p ix P5 x , p jx P3 x , d ix D5 x , d jx D3 x (11)
P6 x P4 x D6 x D4 x
[p]ix = [k]ixix [d]ix + [k]ixjx [d]jx + [p0]ix
[p]jx = [k]jxix [d]ix + [k]jxjx [d]jx + [p0]jx
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Member Stiffness in Global Coordinates
[k]jxix = [k]Tixjx
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Computation of Member Stiffness Directly in
Transformed Coordinates
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Computation of Member Stiffness Directly in Transformed
Coordinates
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Computation of Member Stiffness Directly in
Transformed Coordinates
[k]jxix = [k]Tixjx
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Computation of Member Stiffness in Directly in
Transformed Coordinates
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Computation of Loading Terms in Directly in
Transformed Coordinates
𝑃0 𝑖𝑥 = 𝑇2 𝑖 𝑃0 𝑖
𝑃0 𝑗𝑥 = 𝑇2 𝑗 𝑃0 𝑗
P10 P20
P0 ix P50 cos β P60sinβ P0 jx P30 cos β P40sinβ
P50sinβ P60 cos β P30sinβ P40 cos β
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Example 2. Assembly of Member Stiffness Matrix and Loading Vector
q=12.5 kN/m
X
Assemble the stiffness matrix
and the loading vector in
global coordinate system
For member ij for which the geometry and the loading case is given:
roadmap
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Member Stiffness Matrices:
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Stiffness Matrix in Local Coordinates
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Example 2. Assembly of Member Stiffness Matrix and Loading Vector
Transformation Matrices:
a
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Stiffness Matrix in Global Coordinates
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Loading Vectors in Local Coordinates
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Loading Vectors in
Global Coordinates
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
ASSEMBLY OF SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
[S] : System system matrix
[d] : Vector of unknowns
[P0] : Loading (span) vector
[q] : Joint load vector
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
ASSEMBLY OF SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
[S] [d] [P0] [q]
1 2 ....... i . ..... j ........... n
Arrangement of 1
transformed 2
element stiffness ... [k]ixix [k]ixjx [d]ix [p0]ix [q]ix
matrix in global
coordinates and
i
loading vector .. [k]jxix [k]jxjx [d]jx [p0]jx [q]jx
for member i-j j
For Beam Elements [S]3nx3n [d]3nx1 [p0]3nx1 [q]3nx1
For Truss Elements [S]2nx2n [d]2nx1 [p0]2nx1 [q]2nx1
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Consideration of Support Conditions (Zero Displacement)
[S] [d] [P0] [q]
All the terms in the 1 2 ....... i . ..... j ........... n
related rows and 1
columns are set to 0.
2
The diagonal term in
the [S] matrix is set ... [k]ixix [k]ixjx [d]ix [p0]ix [q]ix
to 1. i
.. [k]jxix [k]jxjx [d]jx [p0]jx [q]jx
For Beam Elements [S]3nx3n [d]3nx1 [p0]3nx1 [q]3nx1
For Truss Elements [S]2nx2n [d]2nx1 [p0]2nx1 [q]2nx1
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ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
End Forces and End Displacements in Local Member Axes
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Example 3. Analyze the Spring System given below using
matrix displacement method.
D1, D2, and D3 are the
1 2 3 15 kN displacements in
global coordinates.
The local and global
coordinate axes
coincide.
Local and global (system)
coordinate axes coincide.
[S] can be assembled
without any transformation
operation.
ITU Faculty of Civil Engineering – Theory of Structures Group
Solving the linear set of equations, we get D2=0.15m, D3=0.225m.
Bar forces can be found using [p]=[k] [d]
Spring Forces
[p] = [K] [d]
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