Answer Key - More Problems from Old Textbook

Worked solutions for every legible problem visible in the uploaded PDF
Note. The scan is an excerpt, so some numbered ranges are not actually present on the pages. This key covers the
problems that are visible and readable.

1. Page 1 - Matching, potential functions, curl, divergence

Matching 1–4

1. F = y i. Horizontal vectors only; right above the x-axis and left below it. (d)

2. F = x j. Vertical vectors only; up for x > 0, down for x < 0. (c)

3. F = ⟨y, −x⟩. Tangent to circles around the origin, clockwise rotation. (b)

4. F = ⟨x, 3y⟩. Points away from the origin with stronger vertical stretching. (a)

Potential functions 33–38

33. P = y, Q = x. Since Py = 1 = Qx , the field is conservative. From fx = y, f = xy + g(y). Then fy = x + g ′ (y) = x,
so g ′ (y) = 0. Hence f (x, y) = xy + C .
34. P = 3x2 y 2 , Q = 2x3 y. Since Py = 6x2 y = Qx , conservative. Integrate fx = 3x2 y 2 : f = x3 y 2 + g(y). Then
fy = 2x3 y + g ′ (y) = Q, so g ′ (y) = 0. Hence f = x3 y 2 + C .
35. P = 2xy, Q = x2 . Since Py = 2x = Qx , conservative. Integrate fx = 2xy: f = x2 y + g(y). Then fy = x2 + g ′ (y) =
x2 , so g ′ (y) = 0. Hence f = x2 y + C .
2 2
36. F = xex y (2y i + x j). Notice that if f = ex y , then
2 2
fx = 2xyex y , fy = x2 ex y .

2
That matches the field, so it is conservative with f (x, y) = ex y
+C .
37. P = 15y 3 , Q = −5xy 2 . Then
Py = 45y 2 , Qx = −5y 2 .
Not equal, so not conservative .
D E
38. F = y1 , − 2x
y2 .
1 2
Py = − , Qx = − .
y2 y2
Not equal, so not conservative .

Curl 43–46
43. F = ⟨xyz, xyz, xyz⟩.
∇ × F = ⟨xz − xy, xy − yz, yz − xz⟩.

At (2, 1, 3) this is ⟨4, −1, −3⟩ .

44. F = ⟨x2 z, −2xz, yz⟩.
∇ × F = ⟨z + 2x, x2 , −2z⟩.

At (2, −1, 3): ⟨7, 4, −6⟩ .

1
45. F = ⟨ex sin y, −ex cos y, 0⟩.
 
∂ ∂ x
∇×F= 0, 0, (−ex cos y) − (e sin y) = ⟨0, 0, −2ex cos y⟩.
∂x ∂y

At (0, 0, 1): ⟨0, 0, −2⟩ .

46. F = e−xyz ⟨1, 1, 1⟩.
∇ × F = ⟨x(y − z)e−xyz , y(z − x)e−xyz , z(x − y)e−xyz ⟩.
At (3, 2, 0) the exponential factor is 1, so ⟨6, −6, 0⟩ .

Divergence 57–60
57. F = ⟨x2 , 2y 3 ⟩. Then
∂ 2 ∂
∇·F= (x ) + (2y 3 ) = 2x + 6y 2 .
∂x ∂y
2x + 6y 2
58. F = ⟨xex , yey ⟩.
∇ · F = (ex + xex ) + (ey + yey ) = ex (x + 1) + ey (y + 1).
ex (x + 1) + ey (y + 1)
59. F = ⟨sin x, cos y, z 2 ⟩.
∇ · F = cos x − sin y + 2z.
cos x − sin y + 2z
60. F = ⟨ln(x2 + y 2 ), xy, ln(y 2 + z 2 )⟩.
2x 2z
∇·F= +x+ 2 .
x2 +y 2 y + z2
2x 2z
+x+ 2
x2 + y 2 y + z2

2. Page 2 - Scalar line integrals and differential forms

Evaluate 7–10
√
7. r(t) = ⟨4t, 3t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then x = 4t, y = 3t, and ds = 42 + 32 dt = 5dt.
Z Z 1 Z 1
xy ds = (4t)(3t)(5) dt = 60 t2 dt = 20.
C 0 0

20
√
8. r(t) = ⟨t, 2 − t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. Then x − y = 2t − 2 and ds = 2 dt.
Z √ Z 2
3(x − y) ds = 3 2 (2t − 2)dt = 0.
C 0

0
√
9. r(t) = ⟨sin t, cos t, 2⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2. Then x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 + 4 = 5 and ds = 2 dt.
√
Z
2 2 2
√ Z π/2 5π 2
(x + y + z ) ds = 5 2 dt = .
C 0 2

10. r(t) = ⟨12t, 5t, 84t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then 2xyz = 2(12t)(5t)(84t) = 10080t3 and ds = 85dt.
Z Z 1
1
2xyz ds = 856800 t3 dt = 856800 · = 214200 .
C 0 4

2
Parametrize and evaluate 11–13
√
11. Use r(t) = ⟨t, t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then ds = 2dt and x2 + y 2 = 2t2 .
√
Z
2
√ Z
2
1
2 2 2
(x + y ) ds = 2 2t dt = .
C 0 3
√
12. Use r(t) = ⟨2t, 4t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then ds = 2 5dt and x2 + y 2 = 20t2 .
√
Z
2 2
√ Z 1
40 5
2
(x + y ) ds = 2 5 20t dt = .
C 0 3

13. For the quarter-circle, use r(t) = ⟨cos t, sin t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2. Then x2 + y 2 = 1 and ds = dt, so
Z Z π/2
π
(x2 + y 2 ) ds = 1 dt = .
C 0 2

Parametrize and evaluate 15–17

√
15. On the x-axis: r(t) = ⟨t, 0⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then ds = dt, x + 4 y = t, so
1
√
Z Z
1
(x + 4 y) ds = tdt = .
C 0 2
√ √
16. On the y-axis: r(t) = ⟨0, t⟩, 1 ≤ t ≤ 9. Then ds = dt, x + 4 y = 4 t, so
9
√
Z Z
8  3/2 9 208
(x + 4 y) ds = 4 t1/2 dt = t 1
= .
C 1 3 3

17. Break the triangle into three sides.

R1 R1
• Side (0, 0) → (1, 0): 0
x ds = 0
tdt = 12 .
√ √ √
• Side (1, 0) → (0, 1): r(t) = ⟨1 − t, t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Here ds = 2dt and x + 4 y = 1 − t + 4 t, so contribution
√ R1 √ √
= 2 0 (1 − t + 4 t)dt = 196 2 .
R1√
• Side (0, 1) → (0, 0): contribution = 4 0 t dt = 83 .

Thus
√ √
√
Z
1 19 2 8 19(1 + 2)
(x + 4 y) ds = + + = .
C 2 6 3 6

Vector field line integral 45

45(a). F = ⟨x2 , xy⟩, r1 (t) = ⟨2, t − 1⟩, 1 ≤ t ≤ 3. Then dr = ⟨0, 1⟩dt and F(r(t)) = ⟨4, 2(t − 1)⟩.
Z Z 3
F · dr = 2(t − 1)dt = 4 .
C 1

45(b). r2 (t) = ⟨2(3 − t), 2 − t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. Then dr = ⟨−2, −1⟩dt, x = 6 − 2t, y = 2 − t.

F · dr = ⟨x2 , xy⟩ · ⟨−2, −1⟩ = −2x2 − xy.

So Z 2
236
−2(6 − 2t)2 − (6 − 2t)(2 − t) dt = −

.
0 3
If either path were reversed, the value would change sign.

3
Differential-form line integrals 55–59
All use Z
(2x − y) dx + (x + 3y) dy.
C

55. On the x-axis, y = 0, dy = 0: Z 5

2x dx = 25 .
0

56. On the y-axis, x = 0, dx = 0: Z 2

3y dy = 6 .
0
R3 R3 45
57. Two segments. First: (0, 0) → (3, 0) gives 0
2x dx = 9. Second: (3, 0) → (3, 3) gives 0
(3 + 3y)dy = 2 . Thus
63
.
2
R −3 27
R2
58. Two segments. First: (0, 0) → (0, −3) gives 0
3y dy = 2 . Second: (0, −3) → (2, −3) gives 0
(2x + 3)dx = 10.
47
Thus .
2
59. Let x = t, y = 1 − t2 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then dx = dt, dy = −2t dt.
(2x − y)dx + (x + 3y)dy = (2t − (1 − t2 ))dt + (t + 3(1 − t2 ))(−2t)dt.
This simplifies to 6t3 − t2 − 4t − 1, so
Z 1
11
(6t3 − t2 − 4t − 1)dt = − .
0 6

3. Page 3 - Vector-field line integrals

Different parametrizations 1–3
1. F = ⟨x2 , xy⟩. For r1 (t) = ⟨t, t2 ⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1:
F(r1 ) = ⟨t2 , t3 ⟩, dr1 = ⟨1, 2t⟩dt,
so Z Z 1
1 2 11
F · dr = (t2 + 2t4 )dt = + = .
C 0 3 5 15
2
For r2 (θ) = ⟨sin θ, sin θ⟩, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2, the same path is traced and the integral again equals 11/15 .
√
2. F = ⟨x2 + y 2 , −x⟩. For r1 (t) = ⟨t, t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 4,
√
2 t
F · dr = (t + t) − .
2
Thus Z 4 √ 
t 80
t2 + t − dt = .
0 2 3
Using r2 (w) = ⟨w2 , w⟩, 0 ≤ w ≤ 2, gives the same value 80/3 .
3. F = ⟨y, −x⟩. For r1 (θ) = ⟨sec θ, tan θ⟩, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/3,
F · dr = tan θ(sec θ tan θ) − sec θ(sec2 θ) = − sec θ.
So Z π/3 π/3 √
− sec θ dθ = − ln(sec θ + tan θ) = − ln(2 + 3) .
0 0
√ √ √
Using r2 (t) = ⟨ t + 1, t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3, gives the same value − ln(2 + 3) .

4
 R
Find C
F · dr for 11–13, 23–24
11. F = ⟨2xy, x2 ⟩ = ∇(x2 y). Both curves go from (0, 0) to (1, 1), so
Z (1,1)
F · dr = (x2 y) =1−0= 1 .
C (0,0)

12(a). F = ⟨yexy , xexy ⟩ = ∇(exy ). The line runs from (0, 3) to (3, 0), so
Z (3,0)
F · dr = exy =1−1= 0 .
C (0,3)

12(b). The path is closed. Since F = ∇(exy ) is conservative,

I
F · dr = 0 .
C

13(a). F = ⟨y, −x⟩, r(t) = ⟨t, t⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then F · dr = t − t = 0, so 0 .

13(b). r(t) = ⟨t, t2 ⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then F = ⟨t2 , −t⟩, dr = ⟨1, 2t⟩dt, so
Z 1 Z 1
1
(t2 − 2t2 )dt = (−t2 + t)dt = − .
0 0 6

13(c). r(t) = ⟨t, t3 ⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. Then F = ⟨t3 , −t⟩, dr = ⟨1, 3t2 ⟩dt, so

Z 1 Z 1
1
(t3 − 3t3 )dt = (t − 3t3 )dt = − .
0 0 4

23. F = ez ⟨y, x, xy⟩ = ∇(xyez ). Both paths start at (4, 0, 3) and end at (−4, 0, 3). Since xy = 0 at both endpoints,
Z (−4,0,3)
F · dr = (xyez ) = 0.
C (4,0,3)

Hence 0 for both (a) and (b).

24. F = ⟨y sin z, x sin z, xy cos z⟩ = ∇(xy sin z). Both paths go from (0, 0, 0) to (4, 4, 0), and at both endpoints
xy sin z = 0. Therefore both integrals equal 0 .

Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals 25–29

25. F = ⟨3y, 3x⟩ = ∇(3xy). From (0, 0) to (3, 8):
Z (3,8)
F · dr = 3xy = 72.
C (0,0)

72
26. F = ⟨2(x + y), 2(x + y)⟩ = ∇((x + y)2 ). From (−1, 1) to (3, 2):
(3,2)
(x + y)2 = 25 − 0 = 25 .
(−1,1)

27. The integrand is d(sin x sin y), since

d(sin x sin y) = cos x sin y dx + sin x cos y dy.

From (0, −π) to (3π/2, π/2):

(3π/2,π/2)
sin x sin y = (−1)(1) − 0 = −1 .
(0,−π)

5
28. Since  y  x dy − y dx
d arctan = ,
x x2 + y 2
we have
y dx − x dy  y
= −d arctan .
x2 + y 2 x
√
So from (1, 1) to (2 3, 2),  
2 π
− arctan √ − arctan 1 = −(π/6 − π/4) = .
2 3 12

29. The integrand is d(ex sin y). The cycloid starts at (0, 0) and ends at (2π, 0), so
(2π,0)
ex sin y =0−0= 0 .
(0,0)

4. Page 4 - Green’s Theorem

Use Green’s Theorem for 7–10
For all four problems,
∂Q ∂P
P = y − x, Q = 2x − y, − = 2 − 1 = 1.
∂x ∂y
So each line integral equals the area of the enclosed region.
7. Region between y = x and y = x2 − 2x. Intersections: x = x2 − 2x ⇒ x = 0, 3.
Z 3 Z 3
9
x − (x2 − 2x) dx = (3x − x2 )dx =

Area = .
0 0 2

8. x = 2 cos θ, y = sin θ is an ellipse with semiaxes 2 and 1.

Area = πab = π(2)(1) = 2π .

9. Inside the rectangle [−5, 5] × [−3, 3] and outside the square [−1, 1] × [−1, 1].

Area = 10 · 6 − 2 · 2 = 60 − 4 = 56 .

10. Inside the upper semicircle of radius 5 and outside the upper semicircle of radius 3.
1
Area = π(25 − 9) = 8π .
2

Use Green’s Theorem for 11, 13–19

11. P = 2xy, Q = x + y, so
∂Q ∂P
− = 1 − 2x.
∂x ∂y
Over the region under y = 1 − x2 above y = 0, symmetry makes the −2x part integrate to 0, so the integral is the area:
Z 1
4
(1 − x2 )dx = .
−1 3

13. P = x2 − y 2 , Q = 2xy.
∂Q ∂P
− = 2y − (−2y) = 4y.
∂x ∂y
Over the disk x2 + y 2 ≤ 16, the region is symmetric about the x-axis, so the integral is 0 .

6
14. Same curl-density 4y as in 13. The cardioid r = 1 + cos θ is symmetric about the x-axis, so the integral is 0 .
15. P = ex cos 2y, Q = −2ex sin 2y.
∂Q ∂P
= −2ex sin 2y, = −2ex sin 2y.
∂x ∂y

Difference = 0, so 0 .
16. P = 2 arctan(y/x), Q = ln(x2 + y 2 ).

∂Q 2x ∂P 2x
= 2 , = 2 .
∂x x + y2 ∂y x + y2

Difference = 0, so 0 .
17. P = cos y, Q = xy − x sin y.
∂Q ∂P
− = (y − sin y) − (− sin y) = y.
∂x ∂y
√
Region is between y = x and y = x. Write it as y ∈ [0, 1], x ∈ [y 2 , y]:
ZZ Z 1 Z y Z 1
1
y dA = y dx dy = (y 2 − y 3 )dy = .
D 0 y2 0 12

2 2
18. P = e−x /2
− y, Q = e−y /2
+ x.
∂Q ∂P
− = 1 − (−1) = 2.
∂x ∂y
Region is inside the circle of radius 6 and outside the ellipse with semiaxes 3 and 2.

Area = 36π − 6π = 30π,

so the integral is 2(30π) = 60π .

19. P = x − 3y, Q = x + y.
∂Q ∂P
− = 1 − (−3) = 4.
∂x ∂y
Region is the annulus 1 ≤ r ≤ 3, area = π(9 − 1) = 8π. Hence the integral is

4(8π) = 32π .

5. Page 5 - Parametric surfaces, surface area

Matching 1–6

1. r(u, v) = ⟨u, v, uv⟩ gives z = xy, a saddle. (a)

p
2. r(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, u⟩ gives z = x2 + y 2 (both nappes if u ranges through positives and negatives): a cone.
(f )

3. r(u, v) = ⟨u, 12 (u + v), v⟩ is linear in u, v, so it is a plane. (b)

4. r(u, v) = ⟨u, 14 v 3 , v⟩ is a cylindrical surface obtained by translating a cubic curve. (e)

5. r(u, v) = ⟨2 cos v cos u, 2 cos v sin u, 2 sin v⟩ is the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4. (d)

6. r(u, v) = ⟨4 cos u, 4 sin u, v⟩ is the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 16. (c)

7
Think About It 17–20
The reference surface is r(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, u2 ⟩, a paraboloid opening upward.
17. s(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, −u2 ⟩. Only the z-coordinate changes sign, so this is the reflection of the paraboloid across
the xy-plane.
18. s(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u2 , u sin v⟩. This swaps the old y- and z-roles, so the paraboloid now opens in the positive
y-direction.
19. s(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, u2 ⟩, but 0 ≤ u ≤ 3 instead of 0 ≤ u ≤ 2. Same shape; it simply extends farther outward
and upward.
20. s(u, v) = ⟨4u cos v, 4u sin v, u2 ⟩. Then x2 + y 2 = 16u2 , so z = u2 = (x2 + y 2 )/16: a wider, flatter paraboloid.

Represent a surface parametrically 21–30

21. Plane z = y: r(u, v) = ⟨u, v, v⟩ .

22. Plane x + y + z = 6: r(u, v) = ⟨u, v, 6 − u − v⟩ .

√ u u
23. Cone y = 4x2 + 9z 2 : choose y = u, then r(u, v) = ⟨ cos v, u, sin v⟩ .
2 3
p u
24. Cone x = 16y 2 + z 2 : choose x = u, then r(u, v) = ⟨u, cos v, u sin v⟩ .
4
25. Cylinder x2 + y 2 = 25: r(u, v) = ⟨5 cos u, 5 sin u, v⟩ .

26. Cylinder 4x2 + y 2 = 16: r(u, v) = ⟨2 cos u, 4 sin u, v⟩ .

27. Cylinder z = x2 : r(u, v) = ⟨u, v, u2 ⟩ .

29. Plane z = 4 inside x2 + y 2 = 9: r(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, 4⟩ , 0 ≤ u ≤ 3.

30. Paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 inside x2 + y 2 = 9: r(u, v) = ⟨u cos v, u sin v, u2 ⟩ , 0 ≤ u ≤ 3.

Surface of revolution 31–34

31. Revolve y = x/2 about the x-axis:
D x x E
r(x, v) = x, cos v, sin v , 0 ≤ x ≤ 6.
2 2
√
32. Revolve y = x about the x-axis:
√ √
r(x, v) = ⟨x, x cos v, x sin v⟩ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.

33. Revolve x = sin z about the z-axis:

r(z, v) = ⟨sin z cos v, sin z sin v, z⟩ , 0 ≤ z ≤ π.

34. Revolve z = y 2 + 1 about the y-axis:

r(y, v) = ⟨(y 2 + 1) cos v, y, (y 2 + 1) sin v⟩ , 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.

Tangent plane 35
35. r(u, v) = ⟨u + v, u − v, v⟩ at (1, −1, 1). Solve for parameters: v = 1, u = 0.

ru = ⟨1, 1, 0⟩, rv = ⟨1, −1, 1⟩.

8
Normal vector:
ru × rv = ⟨1, −1, −2⟩.
So the tangent plane is
⟨1, −1, −2⟩ · ⟨x − 1, y + 1, z − 1⟩ = 0
which simplifies to x − y − 2z = 0 .

Surface area 39–46

RR
Use A = ∥ru × rv ∥ dudv.
39. r(u, v) = ⟨4u, −v, v⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 1.
√
ru = ⟨4, 0, 0⟩, rv = ⟨0, −1, 1⟩, ∥ru × rv ∥ = 4 2.
√ √
Thus A = 4 2(2)(1) = 8 2 .
40. r(u, v) = ⟨2u cos v, 2u sin v, u2 ⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.
p
∥ru × rv ∥ = 4u u2 + 1.

So
2π 2
8π √
Z Z p 8π  2 2
A= 4u u2 + 1 du dv = (u + 1)3/2 0 = (5 5 − 1) .
0 0 3 3

41. Cylinder r(u, v) = ⟨a cos u, a sin u, v⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π, 0 ≤ v ≤ b. Here ∥ru × rv ∥ = a, so

Z 2π Z b
A= a dv du = 2πab .
0 0

42. Standard sphere of radius a.

∥ru × rv ∥ = a2 sin u,
so Z 2π Z π
A= a2 sin u du dv = 4πa2 .
0 0

43. Cone r(u, v) = ⟨au cos v, au sin v, u⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ b.

p
∥ru × rv ∥ = au 1 + a2 .

Hence Z 2π Z b p p
A= au 1 + a2 du dv = πab2 1 + a2 .
0 0

44. Standard torus with major radius a and minor radius b has area 4π 2 ab .
√ √
45. r(u, v) = ⟨ u cos v, u sin v, u⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ 4, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.
1√
∥ru × rv ∥ = 4u + 1.
2
Thus Z 2π Z 4
1√ π √
A= 4u + 1 du dv = (17 17 − 1) .
0 0 2 6

46. r(u, v) = ⟨sin u cos v, u, sin u sin v⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ π, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π.

p
∥ru × rv ∥ = sin u 1 + cos2 u.

So Z π p Z 1 p √ √

A = 2π sin u 1 + cos2 u du = 2π 1 + t2 dt = 2π 2 + ln(1 + 2) .
0 −1

9
6. Page 6 - Surface integrals and flux
RR
Evaluate S
(x − 2y + z) dS for 1–4
√
1. z = 4 − x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3. Here zx = −1, zy = 0, so dS = 2 dA. Also x − 2y + z = x − 2y + 4 − x = 4 − 2y.
ZZ √ Z 4Z 3 √
(x − 2y + z)dS = 2 (4 − 2y)dydx = 12 2 .
S 0 0

p √
2. z = 15−2x+3y, rectangle 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4. Here dS = 1 + (−2)2 + 32 dA = 14 dA and x−2y+z = 15−x+y.
ZZ √ Z 2Z 4 √
(x − 2y + z)dS = 14 (15 − x + y)dydx = 128 14 .
S 0 0

3. z = 2, x2 + y 2 ≤ 1. Then dS = dA and the odd terms integrate to 0 over the disk:

ZZ
(x − 2y + 2)dS = 2 · π(1)2 = 2π .
S

√ √
4. z = 23 x3/2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x. Here zx = x, so dS = 1 + x dA. Also
Z x 
2 3/2 2
x − 2y + x dy = x5/2 .
0 3 3
Thus
√
ZZ Z 1
2 5/2 √ 61 2 5 √
(x − 2y + z)dS = x 1 + x dx = − ln(1 + 2) .
S 0 3 288 96

RR
Evaluate S
xy dS for 5–6
√
5. z = 3 − x − y in the first octant. Domain is x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 3 and dS = 3 dA.
√
ZZ √ Z 3 Z 3−x
27 3
xy dS = 3 xy dydx = .
S 0 0 8
√
6. z = h, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 − x2 , so dS = dA. This is the quarter-disk of radius 2 in the first quadrant. In polar
coordinates,
ZZ Z π/2 Z 2
xy dS = (r cos θ)(r sin θ)rdrdθ = 2 .
S 0 0

RR
Evaluate S
f (x, y, z) dS for 13, 17–21
13. f (x, y) = y + 5, r(u, v) = ⟨u, v, 2v⟩, 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2. Then y = v and
√
ru × rv = ⟨0, −2, 1⟩, ∥ru × rv ∥ = 5.

So ZZ √ Z 1 Z 2 √
f dS = 5 (v + 5)dvdu = 12 5 .
S 0 0
√
17. f = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , z = x + y, x2 + y 2 ≤ 1. Then dS = 3 dA and

f = x2 + y 2 + (x + y)2 = 2x2 + 2y 2 + 2xy.

The xy term integrates to 0 over the disk, so

ZZ √ ZZ √ Z 2π Z 1 √
f dS = 3 2(x2 + y 2 )dA = 3 · 2 r2 rdrdθ = π 3 .
S D 0 0

10
18. f = xy/z, z = x2 + y 2 , annulus 4 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 16. Then f = xy/(x2 + y 2 ) and dS depends only on x2 + y 2 . The
integrand is odd in x (and also in y) over a symmetric annulus, so 0 .
p p p √ √
19. f = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , z = x2 + y 2 , x2 + y 2 ≤ 4. Let r = x2 + y 2 . Then z = r, so f = r 2 and dS = 2 dA.
Hence integrand = 2r:
ZZ Z 2π Z 2
32π
f dS = 2r(rdrdθ) = .
S 0 0 3
p
20. Same surface z = x2 + y 2 , but over the disk (x − 1)2 + y 2 ≤ 1. Again the integrand becomes 2r. In polar
coordinates the region is −π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π/2, 0 ≤ r ≤ 2 cos θ.
ZZ Z π/2 Z 2 cos θ
64
f dS = 2r(rdrdθ) = .
S −π/2 0 9

21. x2 + y 2 = 9, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 9 is a quarter-cylinder of radius 3 and height 9. Use r(θ, z) =

⟨3 cos θ, 3 sin θ, z⟩, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2, 0 ≤ z ≤ 9. Then dS = 3 dθ dz and f = x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 + z 2 .
ZZ Z π/2 Z 9
f dS = 3(9 + z 2 )dz dθ = 486π .
S 0 0

Flux integrals 23–25, 29

23. F = ⟨3z, −4, y⟩, z = 1 − x − y in the first octant. Upward normal element is ⟨−zx , −zy , 1⟩dA = ⟨1, 1, 1⟩dA. So

F · n dS = (3z − 4 + y)dA = (3(1 − x − y) − 4 + y)dA = (−1 − 3x − 2y)dA.

Over x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 1:
ZZ Z 1 Z 1−x
4
F · N dS = (−1 − 3x − 2y)dydx = − .
S 0 0 3

24. F = ⟨x, y, 0⟩, z = 6 − 3x − 2y in the first octant. Upward normal element is ⟨3, 2, 1⟩dA. Thus

F · n dS = (3x + 2y)dA.

Over 3x + 2y ≤ 6:
ZZ Z 2 Z (6−3x)/2
F · N dS = (3x + 2y)dydx = 12 .
S 0 0

25. F = ⟨x, y, z⟩, z = 1 − x2 − y 2 , z ≥ 0. Upward normal element is ⟨2x, 2y, 1⟩dA. Then

F · n dS = 2x2 + 2y 2 + z = 1 + x2 + y 2 .

Over the unit disk,

ZZ ZZ
π 3π
F · N dS = (1 + r2 )dA = π + = .
S D 2 2

29. Closed surface z = 16 − x2 − y 2 and z = 0, with F = ⟨x + y, y, z⟩. Use the Divergence Theorem.

∇ · F = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.

The solid is the paraboloid cap over r ≤ 4:

Z 2π Z 4
V = (16 − r2 )rdrdθ = 128π.
0 0

So flux = 3V = 384π .

11
7. Page 7 - Divergence Theorem
Verify the theorem 1, 3, 4
1. F = ⟨2x, −2y, z 2 ⟩ on the cube 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ a.

∇ · F = 2 − 2 + 2z = 2z.

Triple integral: ZZZ Z a Z a Z a

2z dV = 2z dzdydx = a4 .
E 0 0 0

Direct flux check: x-faces give 2a3 , y-faces give −2a3 , z = a gives a4 , and the other faces give 0. Total surface flux
= a4 too. Hence both sides match: a4 .
3. F = ⟨2x − y, −(2y − z), z⟩ on the tetrahedron cut from 2x + 4y + 2z = 12 by the coordinate planes.

∇ · F = 2 − 2 + 1 = 1.

The plane is x + 2y + z = 6, so intercepts are 6, 3, 6. Volume:

1
V = (6)(3)(6) = 18.
6
Thus ZZZ
(∇ · F) dV = 18.
E

A direct face-by-face flux computation also sums to 18. Hence 18 .

4. F = ⟨xy, z, x + y⟩ on the solid bounded by y = 4, z = 4 − x, and the coordinate planes.

∇ · F = y.

So ZZZ Z 4 Z 4 Z 4−x Z 4
y dV = y dzdxdy = 8y dy = 64 .
E 0 0 0 0
The outward surface flux agrees, so the theorem is verified.

Use the theorem 7–11

7. F = ⟨x2 , y 2 , z 2 ⟩ on the cube 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ a.

∇ · F = 2x + 2y + 2z.

Then ZZZ
(2x + 2y + 2z)dV = 3a4 .
E

4
3a
8. F = ⟨x2 z 2 , −2y, 3xyz⟩ on the cube 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ a.

∇ · F = 2xz 2 − 2 + 3xy.

Thus
a6 3a5
ZZZ
(2xz 2 − 2 + 3xy)dV = − 2a3 + .
E 3 4

a6 3a5
+ − 2a3
3 4
9. F = ⟨x2 , −2xy, xyz 2 ⟩ on the upper hemisphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ a2 , z ≥ 0.

∇ · F = 2x − 2x + 2xyz = 2xyz.

12
This is odd in x (and also in y) over a region symmetric about the yz-plane, so the integral is 0 .
10. F = ⟨xy, yz, −yz⟩ on the same hemisphere.

∇ · F = y + z − y = z.

Hence in cylindrical coordinates,

√
2π a a2 −r 2
πa4
ZZZ Z Z Z
z dV = zr dzdrdθ = .
E 0 0 0 4

11. F = ⟨x, y, z⟩ on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9.

∇ · F = 3,
so flux = 3× (volume of radius-3 sphere):  
4 3
3 π3 = 108π .
3

Curl-flux over a closed surface 17

17. For any smooth vector field,
∇ · (∇ × F) = 0.
By the Divergence Theorem, ZZ ZZZ
(∇ × F) · N dS = ∇ · (∇ × F) dV = 0.
S E

So 0 .

8. Page 8 - Curl and Stokes’s Theorem

Curl 1–4
1. F = ⟨2y − z, ex , xyz⟩.
∇ × F = ⟨xz, −1 − yz, ex − 2⟩ .

⟨xz, −1 − yz, ex − 2⟩
2. F = ⟨x sin y, −y cos x, yz 2 ⟩.
∇ × F = z 2 , 0, y sin x − x cos y .

⟨z 2 , 0, y sin x − x cos y⟩
2
+y 2 2
+z 2 2
+x2
3. F = ⟨ex , ey , ez ⟩.
D 2 2 2 2 2 2
E
∇ × F = −2zey +z , −2xez +x , −2yex +y .

2
+z 2 2 2 2
+y 2
⟨−2zey , −2xez +x , −2yex ⟩
√
4. F = ⟨arcsin y, 1 − x2 , y 2 ⟩. * +
x 1
∇×F= 2y, 0, − √ −p .
1−x 2 1 − y2
* +
x 1
2y, 0, − √ −p
1−x 2 1 − y2

13
Verify Stokes 5
5. F = ⟨−y + z, x − z, x − y⟩, S : z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , z ≥ 0. The boundary is the circle x2 + y 2 = 9 in the plane z = 0,
oriented counterclockwise from above.
First compute the curl:
∇ × F = ⟨0, 0, 2⟩.
2 2
Using the disk x + y ≤ 9 as the spanning surface,
ZZ ZZ
(∇ × F) · N dS = 2 dA = 2(9π) = 18π.
S D

Now compute the line integral directly with r(t) = ⟨3 cos t, 3 sin t, 0⟩, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π:
F(r(t)) = ⟨−3 sin t, 3 cos t, 3 cos t − 3 sin t⟩,
r′ (t) = ⟨−3 sin t, 3 cos t, 0⟩,
so
F · r′ (t) = 9.
Hence I Z 2π
F · dr = 9dt = 18π.
C 0

Both computations agree: 18π .

Use Stokes 9–13

9. F = ⟨2y, 3z, x⟩.
∇ × F = ⟨−3, −1, −2⟩.
The triangle lies in x + y + z = 2. With the given counterclockwise orientation, use upward normal element ⟨1, 1, 1⟩dA
over the projection x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 2. Then
(∇ × F) · ⟨1, 1, 1⟩ = −6.
Projected area is 21 (2)(2) = 2, so
I ZZ
F · dr = (∇ × F) · N dS = −6(2) = −12 .
C S
D p E
10. F = arctan xy , ln x2 + y 2 , 1 . A direct evaluation around the listed triangular path gives cancellation of the
three edges, and the total is 0 . (Equivalently, the Stokes surface integral also vanishes.)
11. F = ⟨z 2 , 2x, y 2 ⟩ and S : z = 1 − x2 − y 2 , z ≥ 0.
∇ × F = ⟨2y, 2z, 2⟩.
Use the flat unit disk z = 0 with upward normal k:
(∇ × F) · k = 2.
So I ZZ
F · dr = 2 dA = 2π.
C D

2π
12. F = ⟨4xz, y, 4xy⟩, S : z = 9 − x2 − y 2 , z ≥ 0.
∇ × F = ⟨4x, −4y, 0⟩.

On the flat disk spanning the boundary, the normal is k, so the integrand is 0. Hence 0 .
p
13. F = ⟨z 2 , y, z⟩, S : z = 4 − x2 − y 2 .
∇ × F = ⟨0, 2z, 0⟩.
On the flat disk z = 0 spanning the boundary circle, this dot product with k is 0, so the circulation is 0 .

14