JEPPE ADULT EDUCATION CENTRE

GRADE 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ASSIGNMENT FIVE

MARKS: 182

DUE DATE:13 APRIL 2026

This question paper consists of 12 pages

1
QUESTION 1

Crate A and crate B, of masses 3 kg and 1 kg respectively, are placed next to each other
on a rough horizontal surface. A force of 20 N is applied to a 3 kg block causes both crates
to accelerate to the right. Crate B experiences a frictional force of 3 N.

3 kg

A 20 N
B 1 kg

The coefficient of the kinetic friction between Crate A and the surface is 0,15.
1.1 State Newton’s Second Law of motion in words. (2)

1.2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram showing all the forces acting on Crate A. (5)

1.3 Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by Crate B on Crate A. (6)

1.4 How is the force exerted by object A on B compared to that of B on A (2)

Choose from GREATER THAN, SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO

Give the reason for your answer

During a lunar eclipse, the Earth, the Moon and the Sun are aligned on the plane as shown
below. The mass of the Moon and that of the Sun are 7,35 × 1022 kg and 1,99 × 1030 kg
respectively.
Sun Earth Moon

1,5 × 1011 m 3,84 × 108 m

The distance between the centres of the Earth and the Sun is 1,5 × 1011 m, whereas that
between the centres of the Earth and the Moon is 3,84 × 108 m.

1.5 Distinguish between the mass and the weight of an object. (2)

1.6 Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the Moon on the Earth. (4)

1.7 Calculate the acceleration due to gravity experienced at a distance of (3)

1,5 × 108 km from the centre of the sun.
[24]

2
 2
QUESTION 1
A horizontal force FA pushes a block of mass m along a rough horizontal surface.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is µ.

The learner makes an experiment in which he varies the applied force FA and measured
the resulting acceleration a each time.

The learner then plotted the following graph of acceleration versus applied force.
The gradient of the graph is 0.5 m.s-2.N-1

acceleration a (m.s-2)
Fapp
m
FA (N)

-3

2.1 State Newton’s Second Law in words. (2)

2.2 Show that the acceleration of the above experiment can be written as
1
a= FA - μg (4)
m

2.3 Determine the coefficient of friction µ between the block and the surface. (4)

2.4 How will the acceleration of the block changes if the mass of the block is
increased, but the applied force and coefficient of friction remain constant.
Write down INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN THE SAME.

Explain your answer. (3)

[13]

3
QUESTION 3
Two identical balls A and B are released from the top of a tall building at point Q.
Ball A is dropped from rest at t = 0 s while ball B is dropped from the same point
1,2 s later.

Point R is 9,6 m below Q and point S is 33,1 m below R while ball A passes
point R after 1,4 s.

At the instant that ball A reaches point S, ball B is exactly at point R. The ground is 44,1
m below. Ignore air resistance.
Take downward as positive.

Ball A Ball B
Q

Building h

Ground

3.1 Define the term projectile. (2)

3.2 Write down the time taken for ball A to reach point S. (2)

3.3 Calculate the velocity of ball B at the instant that ball A reaches point S. (4)

3.4 How far is ball B below point R when ball A hits the ground? (6)

3.5 On the same set of axes, sketch the position–time graphs for ball A and
ball B between points Q and S.

Your sketch should clearly indicate the following:

• Ball A moving from Q to S and Ball B moving from Q to R.

• The instant when ball A reaches point S and ball B is at point R
• The time at which ball B is released.
• The time at which ball A passes point R and reach point S
• Label graph A and B (5)
[19]

4
QUESTION 4

A small stone is projected vertically upwards from the ground with a speed of
20 m·s- 1. It passes the roof of an 8 m tall building on its way up and reaches
its maximum height at A. On its way down, the stone passes the roof at point
Bas shown in the diagram below. Ignore the effects of air friction.

4.1 Write down the acceleration of the stone at point A (2)

4.2 Using equations of motion, calculate the:

4.2.1 Time it takes for the stone to reach point A (3)

4.2.2 Magnitude of the velocity of the stone at the instant it reaches point B (3)

4.2.3 Total time it takes for the stone to move from the ground until it
reaches point Bon its way down (4)

4.3 Sketch a velocity - time graph for the motion of the stone from the instant it is
projected until it reaches point Bon its way down.

Indicate the following in your graph:

• Initial velocity
• Time taken to reach maximum
height (4)
• The final velocity at point B
[16]

5
QUESTION 5

Tim is playing snooker and positions his cue so that the white ball is lined up with the black
ball. A 0,6 kg white ball moving at a velocity 0,5 m-s- 1 collides with a stationery black ball of
mass 0,8 kg. On contact, the black ball exerts a force of 1,2 N on the white ball.

N
0,5 m-s-1
E

s
0,6 kg 0,8 kg

5.1 State Newton's Second Law of motion in terms of momentum. (2)

5.2 If the change in momentum of the white ball is -0,24 kg·m·s-1, calculate the
time that the white ball is in contact with the black ball. (3)

5.3 Calculate the velocity of the white ball after the collision. (3)

5.4 On being struck, the black ball moves forward towards the bumper cushion on
the sides of the snooker table and collided elastically with the bumper
cushion. After collision, the kinetic energy of the black ball is 0,042 J.
Calculate its velocity. (3)
[11]
QUESTION 6

When a ball hits and bounces off a surface, it exerts a force on that surface. Grade 12
learners investigated how this force varies over time as the ball hits a force sensor and
bounces off. A 50 g soft ball was dropped from a height of 1,5 m vertically above a force
sensor connected to a laptop as shown on the diagram.

Laptop

Force sensor

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The following graph is obtained from the laptop:

Force (N)

Time (milliseconds)

6.1 Define the term impulse. (2)

6.2 Use the information on the graph to determine the magnitude of the impulse as the
(2)
ball hits and bounces off the force sensor.
(2)
6.3 State the magnitude and the direction of the change in the momentum of the ball.

6.4 If the velocity of the ball just before it hits the force sensor is 5,42 –1 downwards,

calculate the velocity with which the ball will bounce off the sensor. (4)

6.5 The ball is now replaced with a hard ball of the same size and mass.
Will the force on the force sensor INCREASE, DECREASE OR REMAIN THE
SAME? Explain the answer. (3)
[13]

7
QUESTION 7

The letters A to F in the table below represent six organic compounds.

A CH3CHCHCH3 B CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

C CH3CH2F D CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

E F CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

7.1 Define the term homologous series. (2)

7.2 Write down the letter(s) that represent(s) each of the following:

7.2.1 An unsaturated compound. (1)

7.2.2 Two compounds which are chain isomers of one another. (1)

7.2.3 A compound containing a carbonyl group. (1)

7.2.4 A haloalkane. (1)

7.3 Write down the homologous series to which compound F belongs. (1)

7.4 Give the IUPAC name of compound D. (2)

7.5 Write down the structural formula of the positional isomer of compound F. (2)

7.6 Identify the names of the two functional groups of the reactants used to
produce compound E. (2)
[13]

8
QUESTION 8

Consider the following six organic compounds represented by letters A to F.

A CH3CH(CH3)COCH(CH)3CH2CH3 B 2,2-dimethylpentan-3-ol

H H H

H-C-C-C==O
I I D CsH10
I
H
I
H

H-C-H
E H H H H H F CH3COOH
I I I I
H-c-c-c-c-c-c-H
I I I I I
H Cl H H Br H

8.1 Define the term functional group. (2)

8.2 Write down the:

8.2.1 STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the FUNCTIONAL GROUP of

compound A (1)

8.2.2 LETTER that represents a carboxylic acid (1)

8.2.3 IUPAC name of compound E (3 )

8.2.4 IUPAC name for the FUNCTIONAL ISOMER of compound C (1)

8.2.5 Homologous series to which Compound A belong (1)

8.2.6 Draw the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of compound B (3)

8.2.7 Is compound Ba PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY alcohol? (1)

8.3 Consider compound D.

8.3.1 Is the compound SATURATED or UNSATURATED? Give a reason for

the answer. ( 2)

8.3.2 Write down the NAME of a solution that can be used to test whether
the compound is saturated or unsaturated. (1)

8.3.3 Write down the general formula of a saturated hydrocarbon (1)

(17]

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 QUESTION 9

Learners use the following organic compounds to investigate factors that affect the
vapour pressure of organic substances.

COMPOUND NAME VAPOUR PRESSURE (kPa at 25 °C)

A Pentane 57
B 2-methylbutane 76
C Pentan-1-ol 0,8
D Butanoic acid 0,6

9.1 State what is meant by the term vapour pressure. (2)

9.2 Between compounds A and B, which one is expected to have the lower boiling
point?
Give a reason for your answer in terms of intermolecular forces and structure. (4)

9.3 Compounds C and D are compared.

Fully explain the difference in their vapour pressure. (4)
QUESTION 10 [10]

The factors that affect the vapour pressure of different organic compounds are
investigated. The table below shows the vapour pressure of five organic compounds,
represented by the letters A – E.

MOLECULAR VAPOUR
ORGANIC
MASS PRESSURE
COMPOUND
([Link]-1) (kPa) at 25 °C
A Propane 44 953,25
B Butane 58 242,63
C Ethyl methanoate 74 32,38
D Alcohol 59 2,80
E Propanoic acid 74 0,47

10.1 Define the term boiling point. (2)

10.2 Write down the homologous series to which compounds A and B belong. (1)
10.3 Explain the decrease in vapour pressure from compound A to compound B, as
indicated in the table. (3)

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10.4 Compounds C and E are functional isomers.

10.4.1 Define molecular formula. (2)

10.4.2 Which compound will have a higher boiling point? (1)

10.4.3 Explain the answer to QUESTION 10.4.2. (4)

10.5 The percentage composition of some of the elements in compound D is given as

61% carbon and 11,86% hydrogen. Determine, with calculations, the empirical
formula of compound D. (4)

10.6 Write a balanced equation using molecular formulae for a complete combustion
of compound A. (3)
[20]

QUESTION 11

Ethanol and hexanoic acid are reactants used in acid catalysed reaction to form a
product described to having a fruity smell.

11.1 Draw the STRUCTURAL FORMULA of the product formed. (2)

11.2 State ONE reaction condition required for this reaction to occur. (2)

11.3 If 50 g of hexanoic acid react with x g of ethanol to produce 48,5 g and a

yield of 78,1% yield of this product, is ethanol a limiting reagent or in excess?
Calculate the value of x to produce this yield. (7)
[11]

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QUESTION 12

Study the flow diagram of organic reactions below and answer the questions that
follow. The letters X, Y and Z represent organic compounds and letters A to E
represent organic reactions.

Compound Z

HCOOH
Reaction B Reaction E

HBr
Compound X But-1-ene 1-----1 Compound Y
Reaction A .________. Reaction C
Reaction D

12.1 Write down the type of addition reactions that take place in:

12.1.1 Reaction A (1)

12.1.2 Reaction B (1)

12.1.3 Reaction C (1)

12.2 For reaction D, write down:

12.2.1 The type of reaction that takes place. ( 1)

12.2.2 TWO reaction conditions necessary for the reaction to occur. (2)

12.2.3 The INORGANIC product that is formed. ( 1)

12.3 Give the FORMULA of the catalyst required for reaction B (1)

12.4 Write down a balanced chemical equation using CONDENSED

STRUCTURAL FORMULAE for reaction A. Compound X is the main
product. (3 )

12.5 To which homologous series does compound Y belong? (1)

12.6 For reaction E, write down the:

12.6.1 NAME of the type of reaction ( 1)

12.6.2 IUPAC name of compound Z. (2 )

[15)
TOTAL:182

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