Multimedia
Multimedia
importance
of filter
change
Filters do not
last forever.
© 3M 2022. #3MScienceOfSafety
[Link]/ppesafety 1300 363 565 (AUS) 1
Why and When to replace
your 3M filters?
The use of respiratory protection filters can be confusing and complicated and there are a number of common questions and issues
that arise regularly. The questions and answers below try to briefly cover these. For complicated and high exposure situations, seek
advice from an occupational hygienist or health and safety professional.
Guidance is also available from your local 3M representative and/or the 3M TechAssist Helpline, Refer to the last page for
contact details.
6059
6099 042674/DT-4035E A2B2P3
D9035 P3** 052670/DT-1135E P3
2125
+ +
6000 Series Gas & 5925/5935 501A
D8051 042979/DT-4006E Vapour cartridges
Particulate Filters - Protect only Gas/Vapour Cartridge Filters - Combination Filters - Protect against
against particles i.e. aerosols (such as: Protect only against gases and both particles , gases and vapours.
dust, mist, fume, fibers, smoke, etc.), vapours. There are different kinds Different combination particulate/
mould and bacteria. There are different of gas & vapour cartridge filters cartridge filters are used depending
connection types for the range of 3M for different kinds of gases and on the gas or vapour present in the air.
facepieces. vapours. Gases and vapour filters There are different connection types
are some time called “cartridges” or for the range of 3M facepieces.
“cartridge filters”. There are different
connection types for the range of 3M
facepieces.
particles (>0.6μm) particles greater than 0.1 μm particles < 0.4 μm, dominant for < 0.1 μm
2
How do particle filters work?
A bed of randomly oriented fibres is used to create the filter. How long do particle filters last?
Treated fibres can be used to attract and trap particles as
As particle filters load up with the contaminant, they actually
they flow into and through the filter material. Increasing the
become more restrictive to the passage of particles and can be
thickness and capture effectiveness of the filter material
a better filter. However, they also become harder to breathe
increases the filter efficiency at capturing particles.
through. The wearer will notice this increased load and at
Particle filters are tested according to AS/NZS1716 Section some point, decide that the restriction is too high and will
4.3.5 and Appendix I and L. The physics of particle capture then need to change the filter. How soon this occurs will also
indicates that the particle size range 0.02-0.2 micron be dependent on the amount of particles in the breathing air.
equivalent diameter and a mass median particle diameter of A very dusty job will obviously clog the filter up more quickly
approximately 0.3 to 0.6 µm is the most difficult size range than a relatively less dusty job. The change decision point will
to capture. The particulate filter is tested with a sodium vary from individual to individual, as some people are more
chloride challenge aerosol consisting of particles mainly of this sensitive to the increase in breathing load than others.
size. There are four common mechanisms of filtration being
interception capture, inertial impaction, diffusion capture and When do I replace my particulate filters?
electrostatic attraction. Refer to image on previous page. Replace both the 3M™ Particulate Filters or filtering facepiece/
disposable particulate respirators when:
In practice, particle filters designed for respiratory protection
will capture particles of all sizes – the major difference is the • The breathing resistance becomes excessive to the wearer
relative performance in the range between ~0.1 and 1 um. (this will vary from individual to individual).
Each class of filter must perform above a certain level against • The filter is wet or has any physical damage e.g. holes from
the test aerosol to be then classified under AS/NZS1716 as welding sparks
explained below. • It becomes unhygienic i.e. it has been coughed/sneezed into
and the inside is in an unacceptable condition.
AS/NZS1716 uses a classification system to identify the
different types of particulates these filters will capture e.g. P1, • Some workplaces e.g. healthcare environments, may require
P2, P3. filters to be replaced after every use due to infection control
procedures.
The activated carbon sorbent bed can be impregnated with chemicals reagents to remove specific gas and vapours by
chemisorption. Chemisorption is the formation of bonds between molecules of the impregnate and the chemical contaminant. These
bonds are much stronger than the attractive forces of physcial adsoprtion. The binding is usually irreversible.
Coal or renewable resources, such as Coal or renewable resources High-temperature steam or nitrogen activation
coconut shells are heated without oxygen
4
How long do Gas/Vapour cartridge filters last? Why can’t I use smell or taste to determine
Gas/Vapour cartridge filters are rated according to their when a Gas/Vapour cartridge filter should be
adsorbent capacity. In increasing capacity, the ratings are: changed?
Class Aus, Class1, 2 or 3. This means we can have an A1 or a
A2 or a multigas type filters like an A2B2E2K1 with different In the past, warning properties such as odour, eye irritation, and
adsorption capacity for different gases/vapours. respiratory irritation were relied on almost completely for indicating
when chemical cartridge breakthrough was starting. However,
The service life (i.e. how long will it perform) of any Gas/ warning properties rely upon human senses that are not foolproof
Vapour cartridge filters is affected by many factors – and must not be used per AS/NZS 1715. Some of these reasons are:
concentration and identity of contaminants, breathing rates,
humidity levels, ventilation, temperature, type of carbon • There is considerable variation between individuals
treatment etc. • Sense of smell shifts due to simple colds and other illnesses
• The odour of the contaminant may be masked by other smells
The 3M™ Service Life Software ([Link]/)allows calculation
of the estimated expected service life under the applicable • Olfactory fatigue, where over a period of time the sense of
workplace conditions. Please contact your 3M representative smell tires and will fail to detect high concentrations and
for assistance with this process. particularly where concentration build up gradually e.g.
Hydrogen sulfide
• The threshold of odour for some chemicals exceed the levels
What is the difference between an A and AX at which may be considered hazardous
cartridge? • Some gases have no odour and therefore will not be
An A cartridge is for Organic compounds with boiling point detected e.g. carbon monoxide
>65ºC. eg. Toluene, Xylene, MEK, Benzene, Alcohols.
• Some chemicals have a low odour threshold concetrations
An AX cartridge is for Highly volatile organic solvents but do not represent a health hazard at these concentrations
with boiling point <65ºC. e.g. Methanol, 1.3-Butadiene, e.g. methyl mercaptain
Acetaldehyde. These types of chemicals migrate through the Given the variability among people with respect to detection of
carbon bed over time. This is why AS/NZS 1716 specify AX odours and differences in measuring odour thresholds, a better
filters must be changed after every shift. Manufacturers also practice is to establish a filter change schedule.
specify maximum use concentrations and maximum usage
times, so be sure to follow manufacturer guidance. AX are What is a Filter Change Schedule?
tested against different vapours to A cartridges and have
A filter change schedule is a specified time period after
additional desorption tests per AS/NZS 1716
which the Gas/Vapour cartridge will be replaced. This time
period may be established after consideration of the service
When do I replace my Gas/Vapour life estimate, workplace conditions such as contaminant
cartridge filter? concentration, relative humidity, temperature, work activities,
respirator use pattern (e.g., continuous or intermittent use),
Replace 3M™ Gas/Vapour Cartridge Filters: presence of other materials, potential for contaminant
• When the expiry date stamped on the sealed packet has elapsed. migration/desorption, health effects of the gas or vapor, and
• Once opened, maximum use time is 6 months (even if not quality of warning properties, if any.
used) per AS/NZS 1715. The carbon will adsorb contaminants The filter change schedule must be based on objective
from the general environment. information that will ensure that the gas/vapour cartridges are
• If an odour or taste is perceived. This indicates filters are not changed before the end of their service life.
being changed often enough and the filter change schedule The purpose of a change schedule is to establish the time
should be adjusted. The sense of smell or taste should not be period for replacing respirator gas/vapour cartridges. The data
relied upon as the primary indicator. and information relied upon to establish the schedule should
• In accordance with your established Filter Change Schedule. be included in the respiratory protection program.
The 3M Select and Service Life software ([Link]/) is an useful
To avoid smelling or tasting the contaminant when using 3M™ tool to assist in establishing a filter cartridge change schedule.
Gas/Vapour Cartridge Filters, take the following steps:
• When you get a new pair of 3M Gas & Vapour Cartridge
Are there situations where Gas/Vapour
Filters check the expiry date on the back of the pack.
• Write the date on the filters when first removed from the pack.
cartridge filters must not be used?
There are several applications where gas/vapour filters should
• Use the filters on your respirator in your normal work environment.
NOT be used:
• Knowing the chemical and the worplace exposure, calculate the
• When the Oxygen level is not guaranteed to be > 19.5%.
estimate service life for the 3M gas/vapour cartridge using the
select and Service life sofware: [Link]/. With this information • For capture of particles e.g. dusts, mists, fumes or fibres.
establish the Filter Change Schedule. • Where the contaminant(s) present cannot be captured by the
• If at any time you smell or taste the contaminant or irritation G&V filter.
is detected, the filters need replacing straight away. • When airborne Gas & Vapour contaminant concentrations
• Take note of how long the filters lasted by comparing the are very high.
date recorded on the filter and the current date. • When spraying materials (e.g. 2-pack paints) containing
• If work practices remain the same and the levels of vapours/ Isocyanates.
gases are consistent, replace your filters on a more regular • When Workplace Health & Safety regulations requirements
timescale. specify the use of airline or other specific type of respirators
for certain applications.
Less than 19.5% oxygen E.g. Organic vapours, Inorganic E.g. Dust/mist, metal fume, E.g. Beryllium
E.g. Confined spaces gas, acid gas, ammonia fibre, micro organism
Risk Assessment
Assess Contaminants and Toxicity / Exposure Levels / Workplace Exposure Standard
Seek advice from your Refer to 3M Cartridge options Refer to 3M Filter options in this Refer to 3M Cartridge/Filter
safety supplier for airline, in this document. document. options in this document.
built-in or SCBA options
This is a guide only. Selection of the most appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) will depend on the particular situation
and exposure levels and should be made only by a competent person knowledgeable of the assessed risks, actual working conditions
and limitations of PPE. Details regarding performance and limitations are set out on the product packaging and user information. If in
doubt, contact a safety professional or 3M.
For respiratory training and advice please contact your local 3M representative.
6
Hazard identification and
protection recommendations.
Recommended
Industry Application Hazard Protection
Solvent-based paint
Solvents, resins, synthetic resins
Construction Painting, spraying, varnishing, coating A1P2
Latex-paint, residual solvents
Spray-on glue, foam, varnish, adhesive
Welding, metal cutting, metal Metal fumes P2
Metal pouring, soldering, brazing
Fabrication Metal fumes, ozone gas. Nuisance levels of organic
Welding - TIG, MIG and other GP2
vapour
Spraying low vapour pressure*** Organic vapour, mist, dust GP2
pesticides, herbicides or fungicides
Agriculture
Mixing pesticide, herbicide or Organic vapour, mist, dust A1P2
fungicide or spraying organic vapours
Cleaning or using organic solvents, Organic vapour A1
degreasing, paint thinners and glues
Automotive
Brush or roller application* of 2 pack Isocyanates* A1
type paints
Expoxy and polyester resin, amines & anhydride hardner.
Laying up Methy ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), styrene vapour
Fibreglass A1P2
Using a chopper gun Glass fibre, dust, resin and styrene vapour
Spray painting & cleaning moulds Organic vapour and mist
Organic vapour, mist and dust A1P2
Maintenance Disinfection, cleaning
Organic vapour, formaldehyde, mist and dust ABE1P2
Ammonia (NH3)** K
Bacteria, spores, odours P2
Hydrochloric acid vapour or mist** ABEP2
Petroleum solvents A2
Other Handling
Sulphur dioxide** E
Particulates** P2
Seek specialised
Hazardous goods storage/transport advice from 3M
* For protection from Isocyanates when spraying polyurethanes/2 pack, please contact the 3M TechAssist Helpline. **Also need to consider eye/face/skin protection. ***Low vapour pressure < 1.3Pa
@ 25ºC. P3 protection is only achieved on a full face respirator.
[Link]
8
[Link]/ppesafety 1300 363 565 (AUS) 9
Select the right respirator
and filter/cartridge.
3M Twin Bayonet
6035 2125 2135
Filters & Cartridges
P2/P3** P2 P2/P3**
Particulate
Protection
5925 P2 501/501A
603^
5935 P3**
6000 Series
Particulate
Protection +
Nuisance Level*
6038 2128 2138
P2/P3** GP2 GP2/GP3** Organic Vapour
and Acid Gas
6500QL Series
7500 Series
OR
Combined Particulate +
Gas & Vapour Protection
4251+^ A1P2
4255+^ A2P2 Ready to use,
4277+ A1B1E1P2
4279+^ A1B1E1K1P2 Maintenance free
4000+ Series
* Nuisance Levels are those levels below the Workplace Exposure Standard (WES)
** Provides P3 protection only with 3M Full facepiece Respirators. Provides P2 protection with half facepiece respirators.
^ Available in Australia only
10
Secure Click
Filters & Cartridges
Particulate
D3125 P2 D3135 P3** D9035 P3** Protection
Particulate Protection +
Nuisance Level* Organic
Vapour and Acid Gas
D3128 P2 D3138 P3** D9038 P3**
HF-800SD Series
Combined
OR Particulate +
Gas & Vapour
Protection
D8051 A1 D7925 P2 D7935 P3** D701
D8055 A2
D8059 A1B1E1K1
FF-600 (Vision RFF4000) Series ** Provides P3 protection only with 3M Full Facepiece Respirators. Provides P2 protection with half facepiece respirators.
6075 6099
6057 6059
501A (AUS)
5925 5935 501 (NZ)
6038
6098 6051
Approved Filter + +
+ +
603^ Adapter 5925/5935 501A
+ + OR
12
3M™ Secure-Click™ Filters and Cartridges
OR
14
The importance of monitoring
3M™ Gas Diffusion Monitors.
Knowing the specific contaminant and exposure levels is important to determine the appropriate respirator, and cartridge or filter for
your work environment. This information will also help in estimating the life of selected 3M™ Gas and Vapour Cartridges. If exposure
levels are not known, advice and monitoring is required.
While 3M™ does not carry out exposure assessments or monitoring, we do offer 3M™ Gas Diffusion Monitors (below) which can be a
useful starting point. 3M Gas Diffusion Monitors are simple and effective devices that collect certain airborne contaminants using the
principle of diffusion. They assist in the assessment of exposure to workplace contaminants, both personal and background. These
monitors are easy to use and simply clip onto the shirt, collar or pocket. Contact the 3M™ TechAssist Helpline for further information
on chemicals which can be captured and approved laboratories for monitor analysis.
3M™ Organic Vapor Monitor 3500+ uses 3M™ Formaldehyde Monitor 3721+ uses diffusion,
diffusion, rather than a pump, to collect an rather than a pump, to collect an air sample with
air sample with an accuracy of +/-25%, at a an accuracy of +/-25% at a 95% confidence
95% confidence level for many workplace level for certain aldehydes found as workplace
organic vapors, for both personal or area contaminants. It has fiberglass coated with
sampling. It contains a single charcoal 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for easy
sorbent wafer for easy collection of collection of aldehydes and is typically used in
organic vapors and can be used for most health care, laboratories, and in the chemical, pulp/
applications. This monitor has a 2-year paper, foundry and textile industries. This monitor
shelf life from its production date. has a 1-year shelf life from its production date.
Monitors must be received by the testing Laboratories within the recommended holding time between sampling and
lab analysis. Contact your testing laboratory for their specific laboratory request form.
Science
from industry leaders, technical experts, influencers and regulators, as
they discuss the many topics of work health and safety.
of Safety
now on one of the following platforms.