PART A
🔴 MODULE 1 — Cryptography
1. Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric cryptography.
2. Explain the properties and applications of digital signatures.
3. Explain types of cryptographic keys.
4. Explain properties of cryptographic hash functions.
🔴 MODULE 2 — Blockchain Basics
3. What is the significance of the Genesis block in blockchain?
4. What are Merkle trees? How do they improve blockchain security?
5. Describe distributed hash tables and their working.
6. Define blockchain and explain its key terminologies.
7. List and explain different types of blockchain.
8. What are the benefits of Merkle trees?
9. Describe the two main categories of consensus mechanisms.
10. Compare centralized and decentralized systems.
🔴 MODULE 3 — Consensus & Bitcoin
6. Explain how the RAFT consensus algorithm works.
7. What is Byzantine Fault Tolerance? (PBFT condition-based question)
8. Explain the Byzantine Generals Problem and its relevance.
9. What is a Sybil attack? How is it prevented in Bitcoin?
10. How are transactions validated in a Bitcoin network?
11. Explain the working of Proof of Work (PoW).
12. What are coinbase transactions?
13. What are forks in blockchain? List types.
14. List steps involved in a Bitcoin transaction.
15. What is mining in blockchain?
🔴 MODULE 4 — Applications (DApps / Oracles)
24. Explain different types of oracles.
25. What are criteria for a decentralized application?
🔴 MODULE 5 — Ethereum & Solidity
5. What is a wallet? Explain its types.
6. Define smart contracts and mention their properties.
7. Enumerate benefits and limitations of blockchain technology. (borderline Module 2,
but often grouped in apps/theory — KTU shifts this)
8. Explain inheritance in Solidity.
9. Explain the role of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
10. What are the two types of Ethereum accounts?
11. Explain different data types in Solidity.
12. Explain the relationship between transactions, transaction trie, and block header in
Ethereum.
13. Explain how libraries are deployed in Solidity.
14. Explain block header components.
15. List components of Ethereum blockchain.
16. Explain the role of EVM in Ethereum network.
PART B
🔴 MODULE 1 — Cryptography
1. Explain RSA algorithm and perform encryption/decryption.
2. Explain public and private keys with RSA example.
3. Explain elliptic curve cryptography algorithm.
4. Explain SHA-256 algorithm with compression function and diagram.
5. Explain cryptographic properties of hash functions and their use in blockchain.
6. Explain working of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with diagram.
7. Explain digital signatures and their applications.
8. Explain how hash functions are used in Merkle trees.
9. Explain state matrix and transformations in AES.
🔴 MODULE 2 — Blockchain Basics
1. Explain how blockchain works with a neat diagram.
2. Explain layered blockchain architecture with diagram.
3. Explain generic elements of blockchain with diagram.
4. Explain decentralization and methods to achieve it.
5. Describe blockchain ecosystem and decentralization.
6. Compare centralized and decentralized systems.
7. Explain benefits, features, and limitations of blockchain.
8. Compare types of blockchain and their real-world relevance.
🔴 MODULE 3 — Consensus & Bitcoin
1. Explain Paxos algorithm for consensus.
2. Explain Proof of Work (PoW) with diagram.
3. Explain Proof of Stake (PoS) with diagram.
4. Compare PoW, PoS, and Delegated PoS.
5. Explain Bitcoin transaction process from user perspective.
6. Explain structure of a Bitcoin transaction and UTXO.
7. Explain tasks of a Bitcoin miner and mining process.
8. Explain transaction validation scripts and lifecycle.
9. Explain Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT).
🔴 MODULE 4 — Applications
1. Explain DApps architecture and working.
2. Explain use of blockchain in supply chain management.
3. Explain applications of blockchain in government sector.
4. Explain applications of blockchain in finance sector.
5. Explain impact of blockchain in healthcare.
6. Explain blockchain integration with AI.
7. Explain oracle concept and data flow in smart contracts.
8. Explain legal and ethical implications of blockchain.
🔴 MODULE 5 — Ethereum & Solidity
1. Create a Solidity bank contract (deposit, withdraw, balance).
2. Create a Solidity voting smart contract.
3. Create a Solidity contract to store and retrieve a string.
4. Explain Ethereum transaction processing and gas concept.
5. Explain elements/components of Ethereum blockchain.
6. Explain control structures in Solidity.
7. Compare Bitcoin and Ethereum with diagram.
8. Explain Ethereum world state.
9. Explain types of Ethereum transactions.