Solution

VECTORS SWASTIK
Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
→
1. (a) r = (^
i − 2^
^
j + 3k) + λ(3^
i − 2^
^
j + 4k)

Explanation:
Vector eq" of point and ICel form is
⃗
r ⃗ = a⃗ + λb

r ⃗ = i + (−2)j + 3k + λ(3i − 2j + 4k)

= i − 2j + 3k + λ(3i − 2j + 4k)

2.
^
(d) i
Explanation:
^
i

H
3.
(c) (−2, 2)

M
Explanation:
AS ING
(−2, 2)

4.
(b) 3b ⃗ − 2a⃗
OO
CL E S

Explanation:
⃗
3b − 2a⃗
SR

5.
TH

(c) 1
Explanation:
1

6. (a) [0, 12]

Explanation:
|λa⃗| = |λ|| a⃗|

= |λ| × 4

= 4|λ| ⩾ 0

When
λ = −3 ⇒ 41 − 31 = 12

λ = 0 ⇒ 4 × 0 = 0.

1 → a⃗ lie b/w .
|λ| a⃗ ⇒ [−0, 12]

[0, 12]

7. (a) -2
Explanation:
∣3 −1 2 ∣
∣ ∣
If three vectors are coplanar 2 1 3 =0
∣ ∣
∣1 λ −1 ∣

3(1 × (-1) - 3λ) -(-1)(-2 - 3) + 2(2λ - 1) = 0

-3 - 9λ - 2 - 3 + 4λ - 2 = 0

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 -5λ = 10
10
λ =
−5

λ = -2
8.
(c) ± 5
4

Explanation:
4
±
5

9.
(c)
5π

Explanation:
5π

10. (a) [0, 12]

Explanation:
Given that, |a⃗| = 4 and −3 ≤ λ ≤ 2

We know that, |λa⃗| = |λ||a⃗|

H
⇒ |λa⃗| = | − 3|| a⃗| = 3.4 = 12 at λ = −3

at λ = 0

M
⇒ |λa⃗| = |0|| a⃗| = 0.4 = 0
AS ING
⇒ |λa⃗| = |2|| a⃗| = 2.4 = 8 at λ = 2
Hence, the range of |λa⃗| is [0, 12].

→
11. Let P Q = a⃗ = 3^i − 2^ ^
j + 2k
OO Section B
CL E S

→
⃗ ^
P S = b = −^
i − 2k
SR
TH

In △PQR, using the triangle law of vector addition

→
⃗
a⃗ + b = P R ...(1)
→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(3 i − 2 j + 2k) + (− i − 2k) = P R

→
^ ^
P R = 2 i − 2j

∣ → ∣ −−−− –
∣P R∣ = √4 + 4 = √8
∣ ∣

In △PQS,
→
⃗
b − a⃗ = QS
→
^
(−^
i − 2^
j ) − (3^
i − 2^
j + 2k) = QS

→
^
QS = −4^
i − 2k

∣ →∣ −−−−− −−
∣QS ∣ = √16 + 4 = √20
∣ ∣

→ →
12. ∵ ˆ
a = 2 î + y ĵ + k and b
ˆ
= î + 2 ĵ + 3k
→
→ ˆ
ˆ ˆ
a + b = 3 i + (y + 2) j + 4k

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 → →
ˆ ˆ ˆ
a − b = i + (y − 2) j − 2k

Now as they both are perpendicular to each other

→ →
→ →
So, ( a + b ). ( a − b ) = 0

3 + (y + 2)(y - 2) - 8 = 0
y2 - 4 - 5 = 0
y2 = 9
y = ±3
−
−→ −
−→
13. Let θ be the angle between the lines AB and CD. Then, θ is also the angle between vectors AB and CD

Now,
−
−→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
AB = (2 i + 5 j ) − ( i + j + k) = i + 4 j − k

and,
−
−→
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
CD = ( i − 6 j − k) − (3 i + 2 j − 3k) = −2 i − 8 j + 2k
−−→ −−→
−−−−−−− − – −−−−−−− − –
∴ | AB| = √1 + 16 + 1 = 3√2, | CD| = √4 + 64 + 4 = 6√2
−
−→ −
−→
and, (AB ⋅ CD) = (^i + 4^j − k
^ ^ ^ ^
) ⋅ (−2 i − 8 j + 2k) = - 2 - 32 - 2 = - 36

H
−
−→−
−→

Now, using this formula. cos θ = AB⋅CD

−
−→ −
−→

M
AS ING |AB||CD |

−36
⇒ cos θ = = −1 = cos π
3√2×6√2

⇒ θ = π

⇒ AB
−
−→ −
−→ OO
and CD and unlike parallel vectors.
Hence, lines AB and CD are parallel.
CL E S

14. Let the required angle between the kite strings be θ .

Then,
⃗
a⃗⋅b
SR
cos θ =
⃗
|a⃗||b|

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(3 i + j +2k)(2 i −2 j +4k)
12 3
⇒ cos θ = = =
TH

√9+1+4 √4+4+16 √336 √21

⇒ θ = cos
−1
(
√336
12
) or cos
−1
(
3

√21
)

15.
QR 3
=
QP 2

Hence, R divides PQ, externally, in the ratio 1 : 3 .

⃗ ⃗
β −3α⃗ 3α⃗ −β
The Position vector of R = x⃗ = =
1−3 2
→
16. Here we have a = 4^
i −^
^ ⃗
j + 8k, b = −^
^
j +k

∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
→ ∣ ∣
→
a × b =∣ 4 −1 8∣ = 7^ ^ ^
i − 4 j − 4k
∣ ∣
∣0 −1 1∣
⃗
( a⃗×b)
Required unit vector =
⃗
|a⃗×b|

= ^ ^ ^
1
(7 i − 4 j − 4k)
9
−
−→ −
−→ −→
17. AC = AB + BC = ^ ^ ^
(2 i + 4 j − 5k) + ( ^i + 2^j + 3k
^
)
−
−→
^ ^
∴ AC = 3 i + 46 − 2k
^ ^ ^
3 i +6 j −2k
Unit vector along AC = ^ ^ ^
3 6 2
= i + j − k
^ ^ ^ 7 7 7
|3 i +6 j −2k|

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 → ∣→∣
18. Let ∣∣ a ∣∣ = ∣ b ∣ = 1
∣ ∣

∣ → →∣ ∣ → →∣
∵ ∣2 a + 3 b ∣ = ∣3 a − 2 b ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣ → →∣ 2 ∣ → →∣ 2
∣2 a + 3 b ∣ = ∣3 a − 2 b ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
2

∣→∣
2
∣→∣ ∣→ →∣ ∣→∣
2
∣→∣ ∣→ →∣
4 a + 9∣ b ∣ + 12 ∣ a . b ∣ = 9 a + 4 ∣ b ∣ − 12 ∣ a . b ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣→ →∣ ∣→ →∣ ∣→∣ ∣
→∣
4 × 1 + 9 × 1 + 12 ∣ a . b ∣ = 9 × 1 + 4 × 1 − 12 ∣ a . b ∣ 24 a ∣ b ∣ cos θ = 0
∣ ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

cos θ = 0
∘
cos θ = cos 0
∘
θ = 0

19. Here we have, a⃗ = 2^

i + 2 j + 3k , b = − i + 2 j + k and c ⃗ = 3 i + j
^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

Now, we have
a⃗ + λb
⃗
= (2^
i + 2 j + 3k) + λ(− i + 2 j + k) = (2 − λ) i + (2 + 2λ) j + (3 + λ) k
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

If ( a⃗ + λb)⃗ is perpendicular to c ,⃗ then we get

H
⃗
( a⃗ + λb) ⋅ c ⃗ =0
⇒ [(2 − λ) ^
i + (2 + 2λ) ^
^
j + (3 + λ) k] ⋅ (3^
i +^
j) =0

M
AS ING
⇒ (2 - λ)3 + (2 + 2λ)1 + (3 + λ)0 = 0
⇒ 6 - 3λ + 2 + 2λ = 0

⇒ -λ + 8 = 0

⇒ λ = 8

Hence, the required value of λ is 8.

OO
20. a⃗ = ^
CL E S

^ ^ ⃗
i + j + k, a⃗. b = 1

⃗ ^ ^
a⃗ × b = j − k
SR
Let b ⃗ = x^ ^ ^
i + y j + zk

As, a⃗. b ⃗ = 1
TH

^ ^
(^
i +^
j + k) . (x ^
i + y^
j + z k) = 1

x + y + z = 1 ...(i)
Also, a⃗ × b ⃗ = ^ ^
j −k

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
( i + j + k) × (x i + y j + zk) = j − k

^ ^
(z − y) ^
i − (z − x) ^
j + (y − x) k = ^
j −k

On compairing
z - y = 0, x - z = 1, y - x = -1 ...(ii)
z=y
Putting in eqn (i)
x + 2y = 1
-x + y = -1 (from eqn (ii))
y = 0, z = 0, x = 1
So, b ⃗ = ^
i
→
–
|b| = √1 = 1

Section C
21. Given that, ⃗ ⃗
| a⃗ + b| = | b|

Squaring both sides,

→ → →
2 2
| a + b | = | b |

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⇒ ( a⃗ + b) ⋅ ( a⃗ + b) = b ⋅ b

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 → → → → → → → → → →
⇒ a ⋅ a + a ⋅ b + b ⋅ a + b ⋅ b = b ⋅ b

→ → → → → → → → → →
⇒ a ⋅ a + a ⋅ b + a ⋅ b + b ⋅ b = b ⋅ b

⃗
⇒ a⃗ ⋅ a⃗ + 2a⃗ ⋅ b = 0
→
→ →
⇒ a ⋅( a +2b) = 0

→ →
∴ a +2b is perpendicular to a⃗
22. Two lines r ⃗ = a⃗1 ⃗
+ λ b1 and r ⃗ = a⃗2 ⃗
+ μb2 are coplanar if ( a⃗2 ⃗ ⃗
− a⃗1 ) ⋅ (b1 × b2 ) =0

Now, ( a⃗2 ⃗ ⃗
− a⃗1 ) ⋅ (b1 × b2 )

= ( b ⃗ − a⃗) ⋅ ( b ⃗ × a⃗) ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
(∵ a⃗1 = a⃗, b1 = b, a⃗2 = b, b2 = a⃗)

= b ⃗ ⋅ ( b ⃗ × a⃗) − a⃗ ⋅ ( b ⃗ × a⃗)
= [ b ⃗ b ⃗ a⃗ ] − [ a⃗ b ⃗ a⃗ ] = 0
Hence the lines are coplanar.
Equation of plane containing them is given by,
⃗
( r ⃗ − a⃗) ⋅ ( b × a⃗) = 0 [∵ ( r ⃗ − a⃗) ⋅ n⃗ = 0]
⃗ ⃗
=0

H
⇒ r ⃗ ⋅ ( b × a⃗) − a⃗ ⋅ ( b × a⃗)

⃗
⇒ r ⃗ ⋅ ( b × a⃗) = 0 (∵ [ a⃗ ⃗
b a⃗ ] = 0)

M
23. According to the question ,
AS ING
^ ^ ^
A = 2i − j + k ,
^ ^ ^
and
B = i − 3 j − 5k

C = 3^
i − 4^
^
j − 4k

We know that,
OO
CL E S

if two lines are perpendicular then ,

a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0
SR
Now, for lines with position vector A and B, we get
2 × 1 − 1 × (−3) + 1 × (−5) = 2 + 3 − 5 = 5 − 5 = 0

Now, for lines with position vector B and C, we get

TH

1 × 3 − 3 × (−4) − 5 × (−4) = 3 + 12 + 20 = 35 ≠ 0

Now, for lines with position vector A and C, we get

2 × 3 − 1 × (−4) + 1 × (−4) = 6 + 4 − 4 = 6 ≠ 0

∴ A, B, C are the vertices of a right angled ΔABC, and right angle is present at B.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
–
|A| = √2 + (−1) +1 = √6

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
−−
|B| = √1 + (−3) + (−5) = √35

Area of triangle =
1
|A||B|
2
1
– −−
= √6. √35
2

1 −−−
= √210
2

24. Let d ⃗ = b ⃗ + c ⃗ = (2 + λ) ^ ^ ^
i − 6 j + 2k
^ ^ ^
(2+λ) i −6 j +2k
^
d =
2
√(2+λ) +40

^ ^ ^
→ (2+λ) i −6 j +2k
^ ^
a ⋅ d = (^
i −^
j + 2k) ⋅ = 1
2
√(2+λ) +40

−−−− −−− −−−−

2
⇒ (2 + λ) + 6 + 4 = √(2 + λ) + 40 ⇒ λ = −5

25. a
^⋅^
b = 0 ⇒ ^ ⊥ ^
a ^⋅ c
b, a ^ = 0 ⇒ a
^ ⊥ c
^

^
⇒ a is perpendicular to both ^
b and c
^ ⇒ ^∥( ^
a ^)
b × c

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 Let a
^ = λ( ^ ^)
b × c

^| = |λ||( ^ ^| = |λ|| ^
π
⇒ |a ^)| ⇒ | a
b × c ^| sin
b || c
6

⇒ |λ| = 2 ⇒ λ = ±2

^ = ±2( ^
∴ a ^)
b × c

Section D
26. According to the question, a⃗ × b = c ⃗ × d ...(i) ⃗ ⃗

and a⃗ × c ⃗ = b ⃗ × d ⃗ ...(ii)
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i),
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
( a⃗ × b) − ( a⃗ × c )
⃗ = (c ⃗ × d ) − (b × d )

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
⃗ + ( b × d ) − ( c ⃗ × d ) = 0⃗
⇒ ( a⃗ × b) − ( a⃗ × c )

⃗ ⃗ + (b ⃗ − c )
⃗ × d ⃗ = 0⃗
⇒ a⃗ × ( b − c )

⃗ ⃗ − d ⃗ × (b ⃗ − c )
⃗ = 0⃗
⇒ a⃗ × ( b − c )

⃗ ⃗
[∵ a⃗ × b = −b × a⃗]

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ = 0⃗
∴ ( a⃗ − d ) × ( b − c )

[∵ a⃗ ≠ d
⃗
and b ⃗ ≠ c ,⃗ given]
The cross-product of vectors a⃗ − d ⃗ and b ⃗ − c ⃗ is a zero vector, so a⃗ − d ⃗ is parallel b ⃗ − c .⃗

H
27. According to the question, a⃗ = ^ ^ ^ ⃗ ^ ^ ^
i + j + k, b = 2 i + 4 j − 5k

M
and c ⃗ = λ^ ^ ^
AS ING
i + 2 j + 3k.

Now, b ⃗ + c ⃗ = 2^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i + 4 j − 5k + λ i + 2 j + 3k

^
= (2 + λ) ^
i + 6^

∴
⃗
j − 2k
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
⃗ = √(2 + λ)2 + (6)2 + (−2)2
|b + c |
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √4 + λ + 4λ + 36 + 4
−
OO
CL E S

− −−−−−−−− −
2
= √λ + 4λ + 44

The unit vector along b ⃗ + c ⃗

SR
⃗ ^ ^ ^
b+c ⃗ (2+λ) i +6 j −2k
= =
2
...(i)
⃗ √λ +4λ+44
⃗
TH

|b+c |

According to the question, the scalar product of ( ^

i + j + k) with unit vector b + c ⃗ is 1.
^ ^ ⃗

⃗
b+c ⃗
^
∴ (^
i +^
j + k) ⋅ = 1
⃗
⃗
|b+c |

^ ^ ^
(2+λ) i +6 j −2k
^ ^ ^
⇒ ( i + j + k) ⋅ = 1
2
√λ +4λ+44

1(2+λ)+1(6)+1(−2)
⇒ = 1
2
√λ +4λ+44

(2+λ)+6−2
⇒ = 1
2
√λ +4λ+44
−−−−−−−−− −
2
⇒ λ + 6 = √λ + 4λ + 44
2 2
⇒ (λ + 6) = λ + 4λ + 44

[squaring both sides]

2 2
⇒ λ + 36 + 12λ = λ + 4λ + 44

⇒ 8λ = 8

⇒ λ = 1

The value of λ is 1.
Substituting the value of λ in Eq. (i), we get unit vector along b ⃗ + c ⃗
^ ^ ^
(2+1) i +6 j −2k
=
2
√(1) +4(1)+44

^ ^ ^
3 i +6 j −2k
=
√1+4+44

^ ^ ^
3 i +6 j −2k 3 ^ 6 ^ 2 ^
= = i + j − k
√49 7 7 7

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