M-374 Mathematics

22
Integrals
x
Standard Integrals, Integration by
TOPIC Ć Substitution, Integration by Parts 5. Let f ( x) = ò dx ( x ³ 0). Then f (3) – f (1) is equal
(1 + x)2
to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
æ ( x -1) 2 ö p 1
ç ò0 t cos(t 2 )dt ÷ p 1 3 3
(a) - + + (b) + -
1. lim ç ÷ [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] 12 2 4 6 2 4
x ®1 ç ( x - 1)sin( x - 1) ÷
ç ÷
è ø p 1 3 p 1 3
(c) - + + (d) + -
1 6 2 4 12 2 4
(a) is equal to (b) is equal to 1
2 æ x ö
ò
If sin -1 çç -1
1 6. ÷÷ dx = A( x) tan ( x ) + B ( x ) + C , wher e
(c) is equal to – (d) does not exist è 1+ x ø
2
C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (A(x),
-x x
(e + e ) -x x -x
If ò (e + 2e - e - 1) e dx = g ( x)e(e + e ) + c ,
2x x B(x)) can be : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
2.
where c is a constant of integeration, then g (0) is equal to: (a) ( x + 1, - x ) (b) ( x + 1, x)
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] (c) ( x - 1, - x ) (d) ( x - 1, x)
(a) e (b) e 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
cos q dx
3. If ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos 2 qd q = A loge | B(q) | +C , where 7. The integral ò ( x + 4)8/7 ( x - 3)6/7 is equal to:
(where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
B (q )
C is a constant of integration, then can be : 1/7 -1/7
A æ x-3 ö æ x -3ö
(a) ç ÷ +C (b) - ç ÷ +C
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] è x+4ø è x+4ø
2sin q + 1 -13/7
2sin q + 1 1æ x-3 ö
3/7
1 æ x-3 ö
+C (d) - +C
2 çè x + 4 ÷ø 13 çè x + 4 ÷ø
(a) (b) (c)
sin q + 3 5(sin q + 3)
5(sin q + 3) 5(2 sin q + 1) dq
(c)
2 sin q + 1
(d)
sin q + 3 8. If ò cos2 q(tan 2q + sec 2q) = ltanq + 2loge|f(q)| + C where
2 C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
æ x ö
4. The integral ò ç ÷ dx is equal to (l, f(q)) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
è x sin x + cos x ø (a) (1, 1 – tanq) (b) (–1, 1 – tanq)
(where C is a constant of integration) : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (c) (–1, 1 + tanq) (d) (1, 1 + tanq)
x sec x
(a) tan x - +C cos x dx 1/l
ò sin3 x(1 + sin 6 x)2/3 = f ( x)(1 + sin
6
x sin x + cos x 9. If x) + c where c is
x tan x
(b) sec x + +C
æ pö
x sin x + cos x
a constant of integration, then lf çè ÷ø is equal to:
x tan x 3
(c) sec x - +C [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
x sin x + cos x
x sec x 9 9
(d) tan x + +C (a) - (b) 2 (c) (d) –2
x sin x + cos x 8 8

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Integrals M-375

If ò e (sec x tan x f ( x ) + (sec x tan x + sec x)) dx

sec x 2
2 x3 - 1 15.
10. The integral ò x4 + x dx is equal to : = esec x f(x) + C, then a possible choice of f(x) is:
(Here C is a constant of integration) [April 12, 2019 (I)] [April 09, 2019 (II)]
( x 3 + 1)2 1 1
1 x3 + 1 1
log e +C (a) sec x + tan x + (b) sec x - tan x -
(a) log e +C (b) 2 x3
2 2
2 x2 1 1
(c) sec x + x tan x - (d) x sec x + tan x +
x3 + 1 x3 + 1 2 2
(c) log e +C (d) log e +C
x x2 5x
sin
Let a Î (0, p/2) be fixed. If the integral
11.
tan x + tan a
16. ò 2x dx is equal to :
ò tan x - tan a dx = A(x) cos2a+B(x) sin2a+C, where C is
sin
2
a constant of integration, then the functions A(x) and (where c is a constant of integration.) [April 08, 2019 (I)]
B(x) are respectively : [April 12, 2019 (II)] (a) 2x + sinx + 2 sin2x + c (b) x + 2 sinx + 2 sin2x + c
(c) x + 2 sinx + sin2x + c (d) 2x + sinx + sin2x + c
(a) x + a and loge sin( x + a) 1
dx
(b) x - a and loge sin( x - a) 17. If ò 3 = xf ( x ) (1 + x ) + C , where C is a
6 3
x (1 + x )
6 2/3
(c) x - a and loge cos( x - a) constant of integration, then the function f(x) is equal to :
(d) x + a and loge sin( x - a) [April 08, 2019 (II)]
3 1 1 1
dx (a) 2 (b) – 3 (c) – 2 (d) – 3
12. If ò ( x2 - 2 x + 10) 2 x 6x 2x 2x
18. Theintegral ò cos ( log e x )dx is equal to :
æ x -1 ö ö
= A ç tan -1 çæ
f ( x)
÷+ 2 ÷ + C where C is a (where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
è è 3 ø x - 2 x + 10 ø
x
ésin ( log e x ) - cos ( log e x ) ùû + C
2ë
constant of integration, then : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (a)
1
(a) A = and f(x) = 3 (x – 1) (b) x éëcos ( log e x ) + sin ( log e x ) ùû + C
54
x
écos ( loge x ) + sin ( log e x )ûù + C
1
(b) A =
2ë
and f(x) = 3 (x – 1) (c)
81
1 (d) x éëcos ( log e x ) - sin ( log e x ) ùû + C
(c) A = and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)
27
3 x13 + 2 x11
(d) A =
1
and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)2
19. The integral ò (2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) 4 dx is equal to:
54
13. If f(x) is a non- ero polynomial of degree four, having (where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
local extreme points at x = –1, 0, 1; then the set
S = {x Î R : f(x) = f(0)}contains exactly: x4 x12
(a) + C (b) +C
[April 09, 2019 (I)] 6(2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1)3 6(2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1)3
(a) four irrational numbers.
(b) four rational numbers.
x4 x12
(c) two irrational and two rational numbers. (c) + C (d) +C
(d) two irrational and one rational number. (2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1) 3 (2 x + 3 x 2 + 1) 3
4

14. The integral ò sec 2/3 x cosec4/3 xdx is equal to:

1 - x2 m
[April 09, 2019 (I)] 20. If ò dx = A(x) æç 1 - x 2 ö÷ + C , for a suitable
x4 è ø
3
(a) –3 tan–1/3 x + C (b) – tan–4/3 x + C chosen integer m and a function A (x), where C is a constant
4
(c) –3 cot–1/3 x + C (d) 3 tan–1/3 x + C of integration, then (A(x))m equals : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(Here C is a constant of integration) -1 -1 1 1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d)
27x 3x 27x 9x 4

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M-376 Mathematics

x +1 25. The integral

21. If ò dx = f ( x ) 2 x - 1 + C , where C is a constant
2x -1 sin 2 x cos 2 x
of integration, then f(x) is equal to: [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
ò (sin5 x + cos3 x sin 2 x + sin 3x cos2 x + cos5 x)2 dx is equal

1 2 to: [2018]
(a) ( x + 1) (b) ( x + 2) -1
3 3 1
(a) +C (b) +C
2 1 3(1 + tan 3 x) 1 + cot 3 x
(c) ( x - 4) (d) ( x + 4 )
3 3 -1 1
+C +C
p (c)
1 + cot 3 x
(d)
3(1 + tan3 x)
22. Let n ³ 2 be a natural number and 0 < q <
2 (where C is a constant of integration)
1 26. If
(sin n q + sin q) n cos q
Then ò dq is equal to: tan x Kæ K tan x + 1 ö
sin n + 1 q ò 1 + tan x + tan 2 x dx = x - A
tan -1 ç
è A
÷ + C,
ø
[Jan 10, 2019(I)]
n +1 (C is a constant of integration), then the ordered pair
n æ 1 ö n (K, A) is euqal to [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) ç1 - ÷ +C (a) (2, 3) (b) (2, 1) (c) (– 2, 1) (d) (– 2, 3)
n 2 - 1 è sin n - 1 q ø
n +1 æ x – 4ö
n æ 1 ö 27. If f ç ÷ = 2x + 1, (x Î R = {1, – 2}), then ò f (x) dx is
è x + 2ø
n
(b) 2 ç1 - ÷ +C
n +1è sin n - 1 q ø equal to (where C is a constant of integration)
n +1 [Online April 15, 2018]
æ n 1 ö n
ç1 + +C (a) 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
(c) 2 ÷
n -1 è sin n - 1 q ø (b) – 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
n +1 (c) – 12 loge |1 – x| + 3x + c
n æ 1 ö n (d) 12 loge |1 – x| + 3x + c
(d) 2 ç1 - ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin n + 1 q ø 2x + 5 æ x +3ö
(where C is a constant of integration)
28. ò 7 - 6x - x
dx = A 7 - 6 x - x 2 + B sin -1 ç
2 è 4 ø
÷+C
23. For x2 ¹ np + 1, nÎN (the set of natural numbers), the (where C is a constant of integration), then the ordered
integral [Jan. 09, 2019(I)] pair (A, B) is equal to [Online April 15, 2018]

( ) dx
(a) (– 2, – 1) (b) (2, – 1)
2 sin ( x 2 - 1) - sin 2 x 2 - 1 (c) (– 2, 1) (d) (2, 1)
òx 2 sin ( x 2
- 1) + sin 2 ( x 2
- 1)
is equal to:
æ 3x - 4 ö 4
29. If f ç ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - , and
è 3 x + 4 ø 3
(a) log e
1
2
(
sec 2 x 2 - 1 + c ) ò f (x) dx = A log |1 – x | + Bx + C, then the ordered pair
1 (A, B) is equal to : [Online April 9, 2017]
(b) log e | sec ( x 2 - 1) | + c (where C is a constant of integration)
2
æ8 2ö æ 8 2ö
1 2 æ x -1ö
2
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
(c) 2 log e sec çç 2 ÷÷ + c è3 3ø è 3 3ø
è ø
æ 8 2ö æ8 2ö
æ x2 - 1 ö (c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç , - ÷
è3 3ø
ç 2 ÷÷ + c
(d) log e sec ç è 3 3ø
è ø
(where c is a constant of integration) 30. The integral ò 1 + 2 cot x(cosec x + cot x)dx

5 x8 + 7 x 6 æ pö
24. If f ( x ) = ò dx, ( x ³ 0 ) , ç 0 < x < ÷ is equal to : [Online April 8, 2017]
(x ) è 2ø
2
2
+ 1 + 2 x7
(where C is a constant of integration)
and f(0) = 0, then the value of f(1) is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
x x
1 1 (a) 2 log sin +C (b) 4 log sin +C
(a) – (b) – 2 2
2 4
x x
1 1 (c) 2 log cos +C (d) 4 log cos +C
(c) (d) 2 2
2 4

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Integrals M-377

ò f ( x)dx = y(x), then ò x

5
dx f ( x 3 )dx is equal to [2013]
31. If ò cos3 x2sin 2x
= (tan x) A + C(tan x) B + k , where k 37. If
1é 3
is a constant of integration, then A + B + C equals : (a) x y ( x 3 ) - ò x 2 y ( x3 )dx ùû + C
[Online April 9, 2016] 3ë
1 3
(a)
16
(b)
27
(c)
7
(d)
21 (b) x y ( x3 ) - 3ò x 3 y ( x 3 )dx + C
5 10 10 5 3
1 3
log(t + 1 + t 2 ) 1 (c) x y ( x3 ) - ò x 2 y ( x3 )dx + C
32. If ò dt =
2
( g (t )) 2 + C , where C is a 3
1+ t2 1é 3
(d) x y ( x 3 ) - ò x3 y ( x3 ) dx ùû + C
constant, then g(b) is equal to : 3ë
[Online April 11, 2015] 38. If the integral
1 1 cos8 x + 1
log(2 + 5) log(2 + 5)
ò cot 2 x - tan 2 x dx = A cos8 x + k ,
(a) (b)
5 2
(c) 2 log(2 + 5) (d) log(2 + 5) where k is an arbitrary constant, then A is equal to :
[Online April 25, 2013]
1
1 x+
33. The integral ò æç1 + x - ö÷ e x dx is equal to [2014] (a) -
1
(b)
1
(c)
1
(d) -
1
è xø 16 16 8 8
If the 5tan x dx = x + a ln sin x - 2cos x + k, then a is
1
x+
ò tan x - 2
1 39.
x+
(a) ( x + 1) e x +c (b) - xe x +c
1
equal to : [2012]
1 x+
x+ (a) – 1 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) ( x - 1) e x +c (d) xe x +c
æ x 2 + sin 2 x ö
2 2 40. If f ( x ) = ò ç 2
÷ sec x dx and f (0) = 0, then f (1)
sin x cos x è 1 + x2 ø
34. The integral ò dx is equal to:
( )
2
sin 3 x + cos3 x equals [Online May 19, 2012]
p
(a) tan1 - (b) tan1 + 1
[Online April 12, 2014] 4
1 1 p p
+c (b) - +c (c) (d) 1 -
(1 + cot x) ( )
(a) 4 4
3
3 1 + tan 3 x
x2 - x
3 41. The integral of 3 w.r.t. x is
sin 3 x cos x x - x2 + x - 1
(d) - +c
( )
+c
(1 + cos x)
(c)
3 3 1 + sin 3 x [Online May 12, 2012]

æ 1 - x2 ö -1
(a)
1
2
(
log x 2 + 1 + C) (b)
1
2
log x 2 - 1 + C
35. The integral ò x cos çç ÷
2 ÷ dx (x > 0) is equal to:
è1+ x ø
[Online April 11, 2014]
2
(
(c) log x + 1 + C ) 2
(d) log x - 1 + C
(a) – x + (1 + x2) tan–1 x + c 42. Let f(x) be an indefinite integral of cos3x.
(b) x – (1 + x2) cot–1 x + c Statement 1:f(x) is a periodic function of period p.
(c) – x + (1 + x2) cot–1x + c
(d) x – (1 + x2) tan– 1 x + c Statement 2: cos3x is a periodic function.
[Online May 7, 2012]
sin8 x - cos8 x
ò (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(1 - 2sin2 x cos2 x)
36. dx is equal to:
(b) Both the Statements are true, but Statement 2 is not
[Online April 9, 2014] the correct explanation of Statement 1.
(c) Both the Statements are true, and Statement 2 is correct
1 1
(a) sin 2x + c (b) - sin 2x + c explanation of Statement 1.
2 2 (d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
1
(c) - sin x + c (d) - sin 2 x + c 43. The value of 2ò
sin xdx
is [2008]
2 æ pö
sin ç x – ÷
è 4ø

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M-378 Mathematics

æ pö Integration of the Forms: òex(f(x) +

(a) x + log | cos ç x – ÷ | + c
è 4ø f'(x))dx, òekx(df(x) + f'(x))dx,
Integration by Partial Fractions,
æ pö TOPIC n Integration of Some Special
(b) x – log | sin ç x – ÷ | + c
è 4ø Irrational Algebraic Functions,
Integration of Different
æ pö Expressions of ex
(c) x + log | sin ç x – ÷ | +c
è 4ø
2 x x
æ pö 48. The integral ò1 e . x (2 + log e x) dx equals:
(d) x – log | cos ç x - ÷ | + c
è 4ø [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(a) e (4e +1) (b) 4e2 – 1
dx
ò cos x +
44. equals [2007] (c) e (4e–1) (d) e (2e – 1)
3 sin x 49. A value of a such that

æx pö a+1
dx æ9ö
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C
è 2 12 ø ò ( x + a)( x + a + 1)
= log e ç ÷ is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
è8ø
a

(b) log tan æç x - p ö÷ + C 1 1

è 2 12 ø (a) –2 (b) (c) - (d) 2
2 2
x p
log tan çæ + ÷ö + C
1 5 - x2
òx e dx = g ( x)e - x + c , where c is a constant of
2
(c) 50. If
2 è 2 12 ø
integration, then g(–1) is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
1 æx pö 5 1
(d) log tan ç - ÷ + C (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) - (d) -
2 è 2 12 ø 2 2
dx 1 - 4 x3
45. ò cos x - sin x is equal to [2004] 51. If òx
5 - 4 x3
e
48
dx =
e f ( x) + C, where C is a

constant of integration, then f (x) is equal to:

1 æ x 3p ö
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
2 è2 8 ø
(a) – 2x3 – 1 (b) – 4x3 – 1
(c) – 2x3 + 1 (d) 4x3 + 1
1 æ xö
(b) log cot ç ÷ + C dx
è 2ø
2 52. The integral ò is equal to :
(1 + x ) x - x 2
1 æ x 3p ö (where C is a constant of integration)
(c) log tan ç - ÷ + C
2 è2 8 ø [Online April 10, 2016]

1 æ x pö 1+ x 1- x
(d) log tan ç - ÷ + C (a) -2 +C (b) - +C
2 è 2 8ø 1- x 1+ x

sin x 1- x 1+ x
46. If ò sin( x - a) dx = Ax + B log sin( x - a), +C, then value (c) -2
1+ x
+C (d) 2
1- x
+C

of (A, B) is [2004]
dx
(a) (- cos a, sin a) (b) (cos a, sin a) 53. The integral ò x 2 (x 4 + 1)3/4 equals : [2015]

(c) (- sin a, cos a) (d) (sin a, cos a) 1

1 æ x 4 + 1ö 4
47. f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable functions on [0, 2] such (a) - (x 4 + 1) 4 +c (b) - ç 4 ÷ + c
è x ø
that f ¢¢( x ) - g ¢¢ ( x) = 0, f ¢(1) = 2 g ¢(1) = 4 f(2) = 3g(2) = 9
1
then f (x)–g(x) at x = 3/2 is [2002]
æ x 4 + 1ö 4 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) 5 (c) ç 4 ÷ + c (d) (x 4 + 1) 4 + c
è x ø

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Integrals M-379

dx
54. The integral ò 3 5 is equal to : Evaluation of Definite Integral
TOPIC Đ by Substitution, Properties of
( x + 1) 4 (x - 2) 4 Definite Integrals
[Online April 10, 2015]
1 1
ò0 (1 - x ò0 (1 - x
1 1 50 100 50 101
60. If I1 = dx and I2 =
) ) dx such
x +1ö 4 x +1ö 4
(a) - çæ (b) 4 æç
4
÷ +C +C
3 è x - 2ø è x - 2 ÷ø that I2 = aI1 then a equals to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
1 1 5049 5050 5050 5051
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x - 2 ö4 4 x - 2 ö4
(c) 4 çæ (d) - æç
5050 5049 5051 5050
÷ +C ÷ +C
è x +1 ø 3 è x +1 ø p/2
1
55. If m is a non- ero number and 61. The value of ò sin x
dx is: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
5m -1 4m-1 -p / 2 1 + e
x + 2x
ò dx = f ( x ) + c , p 3p
p
( )
3
x 2m + x m + 1 (a) (b) p (c) (d)
4 2 2
then f(x) is: [Online April 19, 2014] 62. Let f ( x) =| x - 2 | and g ( x) = f ( f ( x)), x Î [0, 4].
5m
x x 4m 3
(a) (b) Then ò ( g ( x) - f ( x)) dx is equal to :
( ) ( )
2 2 [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
2m x 2m + x m + 1 2m x 2m + x m + 1 0

2m ( x 5m + x 4m ) ( x5m - x4m ) 1 3
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 2 2
( x 2m + xm + 1) 2m ( x 2m + x m + 1)
2 2 63. The integral
p /3
xdx ò tan 3 x × sin 2 3 x (2 sec 2 x × sin 2 3 x + 3 tan x × sin 6 x ) dx
56. The integral ò equals : p /6
2 - x 2 + 2 - x2 is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
[Online April 23, 2013]
7 1 1 9
(a) (b) - (c) - (d)
(a) log 1 + 2 + x 2 + c (b) - log 1 + 2 - x 2 + c 18 9 18 2
64. Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional part of x and the
greatest integer £ x respectively of a real number x. If
+ c (d) x log 1 - 2 + x +c
2 2
(c) - x log 1 - 2 - x
n n

x - x + 1 cot x
2 -1 -1
ò0 {x} dx, ò0 [ x] dx and 10(n2 – n), (n Î N, n > 1) are
57. If ò e dx = A( x )ecot x + C , then A(x) is three consecutive terms of a G.P., then n is equal to
x2 + 1
_______________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
equal to : [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) – x (b) x (c) 1- x (d) 1+ x p
65. ò | p- | x || dx is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
dx x6 -p
58. If ò x + x7 = p( x) then, ò x + x7 dx is equal to:
[Online April 9, 2013] p2
(a) 2p2 (b) 2p2 (c) p2 (d)
(a) ln | x | – p (x) + c (b) ln | x | + p (x) + c 2
(c) x – p (x) + c (d) x + p (x) + c
1/ 2 x2 k
ìï (log x - 1) üï
2 66. If the value of the integral ò (1 - x )
dx is , then
ò íï1 + (log x)2 ýï dx is equal to 0 2 3/ 2 6
59. [2005]
î þ k is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
log x x (a) 2 3 - p (b) 2 3 + p
(a) +C (b) +C
(log x)2 + 1 x2 + 1 (c) 3 2 + p (d) 3 2 - p
xe x x
+C
2
+C
(c)
1+ x 2
(d)
(log x) + 12 67. The integral ò | x - 1| - x dx is equal to ________.
0
[NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]

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M-380 Mathematics

68. Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t. 75. Let f : R ® R be a continuously differentiable function
2 1
Then the value of
ò
1
| 2 x - [3x] | dx is ___________. such that f(2) = 6 and f’(2) = .
48
[NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] f ( x)
69. If for all real triplets (a, b, c), f(x) = a + bx + cx2; then If ò6 4t3dt = (x – 2) g (x), then lim g(x) is equal to :
x®2
1 [April 12, 2019 (I)]
ò f ( x ) dx is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) 18
x
(b) 24 (c) 12 (d) 36
0 cot x
ì
76. If ò02 cot x + cosec x dx = m (p + n) , then m.n is equal to :
æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü
(a) 2 í3 f (1) + 2 f ç ÷ý (b) 2 í f (1) + 3 f ç 2 ÷ ý [April 12, 2019 (I)]
î è 2 øþ î è øþ
1 1
1ì æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü (a) - (b) 1 (c) (d) –1
(c) 3 í f (0) + f ç ÷ý (d) 6 í f (0) + f (1) + 4 f ç 2 ÷ý 2 2
î è 2 øþ î è øþ 2p
2p
x sin8 x
77. The value of ò éësin 2x (1 + cos3x )ùû dx , where [t] denotes
70. The value of ò sin x + cos8 x
8
dx is equal to: 0
the greatest integer function, is: [April 10, 2019 (I)]
0
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) p (b) –p (c) –2p (d) 2p
(b) 2p2 (c) p2 p/3
òp/6 sec
(a) 2p (d) 4p 78. The integral 2/3
x cos ec 4/3 x dx is equal to :
2
dx [April 10, 2019 (II)]
71. If I = ò , then: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
1 2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4
3
(a) 35/6 - 32/3 (b) 34/3 - 31/3
1 1 1 1 (c) 37/6 - 35/6 (d) 35/3 - 31/3
(a) < I2 < (b) < I2 <
8 4 9 8 p /2
sin 3 x
1 1 1 1 79. The value of ò sin x + cos x
dx is: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
(c) < I2 < (d) < I2 < 0
16 9 6 2
p-2 p-2 p -1
72. If f (a + b + 1 – x) = f(x), for all x, where a and b are fixed (a) (b) p - 1 (c) (d)
b
8 4 4 2
1
positive real numbers, then a + b ò x(f (x) + f (x + l))dx
1
-1
The value of the integral ò x cot (1 - x + x )dx is:
2 4
a 80.
0
is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
b +1 b -1
(a) òa+1 f ( x )dx (b) òa-1 f ( x) dx
(a)
p 1
- loge 2 (b)
p
- loge 2
2 2 4
b -1 b +1
(c) òa-1 f ( x + 1)dx (d) òa+1 f ( x + 1)dx (c)
p
- loge 2 (d)
p 1
- loge 2
2 4 2
2
- a| x| 81. If f : R ® R is a differentiable function and f (2) = 6, then
73. The value of a for which 4a òe dx = 5 , is :
f (x)
-1 2t dt
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
lim
x ®2 ò ( x - 2) is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
6
(a) 24 f ¢ (2) (b) 2 f ¢ (2) (c) 0 (d) 12 f ¢ (2)
(b) loge æç ÷ö (c) loge (d) loge æç ÷ö
3 4
(a) loge2
è 2ø 2 è 3ø 2 - x cos x
If q1 and q2 be respectively the smallest and the largest 82. If f ( x) = and g ( x) = loge x, (x > 0) then the
74. 2 + x cos x
values of q in (0,2p) – {p} which satisfy the equation,
p
q2 4
5
2cot 2 q - + 4 = 0 , then
ò cos ò
2
3q dq is equal to: value of the integral g ( f ( x))dx is :
sin q
q1 p
-
4
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
p 2p p 1 p (a) loge3 (b) logee (c) loge2 (d) loge1
(a) (b) (c) + (d)
3 3 3 6 9

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Integrals M-381

83.
x
Let f(x) = ò g ( t ) dt , where g is a non- ero even function. If
(a) ( 0, 2 ) (b) (- 2, 0 )
0
(c) ( 2, - 2 ) (d) (- 2, 2 )
x

ò f ( t ) dt equals : [April 08, 2019 (II)]

x 1
f(x + 5) = g(x), then
0
89. If ò f (t) dt = x 2 + ò t 2 f (t) dt, then f ¢ (1/2) is:
0 x
5 x +5 [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) ò g ( t ) dt (b) ò g ( t ) dt 24 18 4 6
x +5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 25 5 25
x +5 5 p /2
g ( t ) dt dx
(c) 2 ò (d) 5 ò g ( t ) dt 90. The value of ò [ x ] + [sin x] + 4
, where [t] denotes the
5 x +5 - p /2
84. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that greatest integer less than or equal to t, is:
a [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 4, then ò f ( x ) g ( x ) dx (a)
1
(7p + 5) (b)
1
(7p - 5)
0 12 12
is equal to: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
3 3
a a (c) (4p - 3) (d) (4p - 3)
20 10
(a) 4 ò f ( x ) dx (b) ò f ( x ) dx p

ò cos x
0 0 3
91. The value of dx is: [Jan 9, 2019 (I)]
a a 0
(c) 2 ò f ( x ) dx (d) –3ò f ( x ) dx 4 2 4
0 0 (a) 0 (b) (c) (d) -
3 3 3
eì 92. Let f be a differentiable function from R to R such that |f (x)
æ e ö üï
2x x
ïæ x ö – f (y)| £ 2|x – y|3/2, for all x, y, Î R. If f (0) = 1 then
85. The integral ò íç ÷ - ç ÷ ý loge x dx is equal to :
1îïè e ø è x ø þï 1

ò f ( x ) dx is equal to :
2
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
0
1 1 1 1 1
(a) -e- 2 (b) - + - 1
2 e 2 e 2e2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
2
3 1 1 3 1 p /3
- - -e- 2 tan q 1
, ( k > 0 ) then the value of k
(c) (d)
2 e 2e 2 2 2e 93. If ò
2k sec q
dq = 1 -
2
0
2
sin 2 x is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
86. The value of the integral 1
dx ò éxù 1
-2 +
êë p úû 2
(a) 4 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal p
2
to x) is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] sin 2 x
(a) 0 (b) sin 4 (c) 4 (d) 4 –sin 4 94. The value of ò dx is : [2018]
p 1+ 2
x
p /4 dx -
òp/6 sin 2 x 2
( tan5 x + cot5 x )
87. The integral equals :
p p p
(a) (b) 4p (c) (d)
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 2 4 8
x
1 æ 1 ö
tan -1 ç
1 æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
95. If f (x) = ò0 t (sin x - sin t ) dt then
(a) ÷ (b) 10 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷
20 è9 3ø è è 9 3 øø [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) f ²¢(x) + f ¢(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
p 1æp -1 æ 1 ö ö (b) f ²¢(x) + f ²(x) – f ¢(x) = cos x
(c) (d) 5 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷ (c) f ²¢(x) – f ²(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
40 è è 3 3 øø
(d) f ²¢ (x) + f ²(x) = sin x
b
88. Let I = ò ( x 4 - 2 x 2 )dx. If I is minimum then the ordered
a
pair (a, b) is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]

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M-382 Mathematics

3p 104. For x Î R, x ¹ 0, if y(x) is a differentiable function such

x
96. The value of integral ò p
4
1 + sin x
dx is x x
4 that x ò y(t)dt = (x + 1) ò ty(t)dt , then y(x) equals :
[Online April 15, 2018] 1 1
p (where C is a constant) [Online April 10, 2016]
(a) ( 2 + 1) (b) p ( 2 - 1)
2 1 1 1
1 C - C -x C -
(c) 2p ( 2 - 1) (d) p 2 (a) 3 x (b) e x (c) e (d) e x
Cx e x2 x x3
1 -x 1 - x2 1 - x3
97. If I1 = ò e cos2 x dx; I2 = ò e cos2 x dx and I3 = ò e 105. The value of the integral
0 0 0
10
dx; then [Online April 15, 2018] [x 2 ]dx
(a) I2 > I3 > I1 (b) I3 > I1 > I2 ò é x 2 - 28x + 196ù + [x 2 ] , where [x]
4 ë û
(c) I2 > I1 > I3 (d) I3 > I2 > I1
p denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is :
æ æ 2 + sin x ö ö
ò sin 4 x çç1 + log ç [Online April 10, 2016]
÷ ÷÷ dx
98. The value of the integral 2
p
–
2 è è 2 – sin x ø ø 1
(a) (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 3
is [Online April 15, 2018] 3
-1
1 -1 1
3 3 3
106. If 2 ò tan xdx = ò cot (1 - x + x )dx , then
2
(a) p (b) 0 (c) p (d) 0 0
16 8 4
1 -1
3p
4
ò0 tan (1 - x + x 2 )dx is equal to :
dx
99. The integral ò 1 + cos x is equal to : [2017] [Online April 9, 2016]
p p
(a) + log 2 (b) log2
4 2
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 4 p
(c) - log 4 (d) log4
100. Let In = ò tan x dx,(n > 1) . I4 + I6 = a tan5x + bx5 + C,
n
2
where C is constant of integration, then the ordered pair 107. The integral [2015]
(a, b) is equal to : [2017] 4
log x 2
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ1 ö æ1 ö ò log x 2 + log(36 - 12 x + x 2 ) dx is equal to :
(a) çè - , 0÷ø (b) çè - ,1÷ø (c) çè , 0÷ø (d) çè , -1÷ø 2
5 5 5 5 (a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 4
2 108. Let f : R ® R be a function such that
dx k
101. If ò 3
=
k +5
then k is equal to : f(2 – x) = f(2 + x) and f(4 – x) = f(4 + x), for all xÎR and
1 2 2
( x - 2 x + 4) 2 50
[Online April 9, 2017] ò f (x) dx = 5. Then the value of ò10 f (x) dx is :
0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
[Online April 11, 2015]
p (a) 125 (b) 80 (c) 100 (d) 200
8cos 2x
102. The integral ò 4
p
(tan x + cot x)3
dx equals : 109. Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a continuous function. If
sin x
12 3 æ 3ö
[Online April 8, 2017] ò f (t ) dt =
2
x, then f ç
ç 2 ÷÷ is equal to :
0 è ø
15 15 13 15
(a) (b) (c) (d) [Online April 11, 2015]
128 64 32 256
1 3 3
2x12 + 5x 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) 3
103. The integral ò dx is equal to : [2016] 2 2 2

(x )
5 3 3
+ x +1 x
dt. Then f (x) + f æç ö÷ is equal to:
log t 1
5 10
110. For x > 0, let f (x) = ò 1+ t è xø
x -x 1
(a) +C (b) +C
( ) ( )
5 3 2 5 3 2 [Online April 10, 2015]
2 x + x +1 2 x + x +1
1
5 10
(a) ( log x ) 2 (b) log x
-x x 4
(c) +C (d) +C
( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
x5 + x3 +1 2 x5 + x3 +1 (c) ( log x ) 2 (d) log x 2
2 4

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Integrals M-383

p (a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4

x x
111. The integral ò 1 + 4sin 2
2
- 4sin dx equals:
2
[2014] 118. Statement-1 : The value of the integral
p /3
0 dx
p ò is equal to p/6
(a) 4 3 - 4 (b) 4 3 - 4 - p / 6 1 + tan x
3
b b
2p
(c) p - 4 (d)
3
- 4-4 3 Statement-2 : ò f ( x )dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx. [2013]
a a
x t
e (a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
112. Let function F be defined as F(x) = ò dt, x > 0 then the
t is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
1 (b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
x t
e is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
value of the integral ò t + a dt, where a > 0, is: (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
1 (d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
[Online April 19, 2014]
p
(a) e éë F ( x ) - F (1 + a ) ùû
a 119. For 0 £ x £ , the value of
2
(b) e -a éë F ( x + a ) - F ( a ) ùû sin 2 x cos 2 x
-1
ò sin ( t )dt + ò cos -1 ( t ) dt equals :
(c) e ëé F ( x + a ) - F (1 + a ) ûù
a
0 0
[Online April 25, 2013]
(d) e -a ëéF ( x + a ) - F (1 + a ) ûù
p p
t
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) -
4 4
113. If for a continuous function f(x), ò ( f ( x ) + x ) dx = p2 – p/2
sin 2 x
-p
120. The value of ò dx is :
-p / 2 1 + 2
x
æ pö
t2, for all t ³ – p, then f ç - ÷ is equal to: [Online April 23, 2013]
è 3ø
[Online April 12, 2014] p p
(a) p (b) (c) 4p (d)
p p p 2 4
(a) p (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 7p / 3
114. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the integral
p
121. The integral ò tan 2 x dx is equal to :
7p / 4
ò [ cos x ] dx is equal to: [Online April 12, 2014] [Online April 22, 2013]
0
(a) log 2 2 (b) log 2
p p
(a) (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) - (c) 2 log 2 (d) log 2
2 2
y
e dt d2y
115. If for n ³ 1, Pn = ò ( log x )n dx , then P10 – 90P8 is equal to: 122. If x = ò , then is equal to :
0 1+ t2 dx 2
1
[Online April 11, 2014] [Online April 9, 2013]
(a) – 9 (b) 10e (c) – 9 e (d) 10
(a) y (b) 1+ y 2
1
2 ln
(1 + 2x ) x
(d) y 2
116. The integral ò 2
dx , equals: (c)
1+ y 2
0 1 + 4x
[Online April 9, 2014] x

p
ln2 (b)
p
ln2
p
ln2 (d)
p
ln2
ò
123. If g (x) = cos 4t dt , then g (x + p) equals [2012]
(a) (c) 0
4 8 16 32
g ( x)
117. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, (a) (b) g (x) + g (p)
x
g ( p)
y= ò t dt , x Î R, which are parallel to the line y = 2x, are (c) g (x) – g (p) (d) g (x) . g (p)
0
equal to : [2013]

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M-384 Mathematics

124. If [x] is the greatest integer £ x, then the value of the integral 2 2
(a) I > and J > 2 (b) I < and J < 2
0.9 æ 2 æ 2 - xöö
ò ç éë x ùû + log ç
3 3
è 2 + x ÷ø ÷ø
dx is [Online May 26, 2012]
-0.9 è 2 2
(a) 0.486 (b) 0.243 (c) 1.8 (d) 0 (c) I < and J > 2 (d) I > and J < 2
3 3
0.9 133. The solution for x of the equation
125. The value of the integral ò éë x - 2 [ x ]ûù dx , x
dt p
0
ò 2
=
2
is [2007]
where [.] denotes the greatest integer function is 2 t t -1
[Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 0.9 (b) 1.8 (c) – 0.9 (d) 0 3
(a) (b) 2 2
d e tan x 2
126. If G( x ) = , x Î (0, p 2), then (c) 2 (d) None of these
dx x
x
134. Let F(x) = f (x) + f æç ö÷ ,where f ( x) = ò
12 2 tan(p x 2 ) 1 log t
dt , Then
ò .e dx is equal to [Online May 12, 2012] è xø 1+ t
14 x l
F(e) equals [2007]
(a) G (p 4) - G (p 16) (b) 2[G (p 4) - G(p 16)] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 0,
(c) p[G (1 2) - G (1 4)] (d) G (1 2) - G(1 2) a
135. The value of ò [ x ] f '( x )dx , a > 1 where [x] denotes the
x x2
127. If ò t f ( t ) dt = sin x - x cos x - , for all x Î R - { 0} , 1
e 2 greatest integer not exceeding x is [2006]
æ pö (a) af (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ([ a])}
then the value of f ç ÷ is [Online May 7, 2012]
è 6ø (b) [a ] f (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ([a ])}
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) – 1/2 (c) [a ] f ([a ]) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ( a)}
128. Let [.] denote the greatest integer function then the value
1.5
(d) af ([ a]) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ( a )}
of ò x éë x 2 ùû dx is :. [2011 RS] p
-
0 2

(a) 0 (b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
5 136. ò [( x + p )3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p )]dx is equal to [2006]
2 4 4 3p
-
1 2
8log(1 + x)
129. The value of
1+ x2
ò dx is [2011] p4 p4 p p p
0 (a) (b) + (c) (d) -1
p p 32 32 2 2 4
(a) log 2 (b) log 2 (c) log 2 (d) p log 2
8 2 p
130. Let p(x) be a function defin ed on R such that
p¢(x) = p¢(1 – x), for all x Î [0, 1], p (0) = 1 and p (1) = 41.
137. ò xf (sin x)dx is equal to [2006]
0
1
Then ò p( x) dx equals [2010] p p
0 (a) p ò f (cos x )dx (b) p ò f (sin x )dx
0 0
(a) 21 (b) 41 (c) 42 (d) 41
p p /2 p /2
ò [cot x] dx , where (c) p (d) p ò
131. [ . ] denotes the greatest integer
2 ò f (sin x)dx f (cos x )dx
0 0 0
function, is equal to : [2009]
p p 6
x
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) - (d) I =ò
138. The value of integral, dx is [2006]
2 2
3
9- x + x
1 1
sin x cos x
132. Let I = ò dx and J = ò dx. Then which one of (a)
1
(b)
3
(c) 2 (d) 1
0
x 0
x 2 2
the following is true? [2008]

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Integrals M-385

p 147. Let f(x) be a function satisfying f '(x) = f(x) with

cos 2 x
ò
139. The value of dx , a > 0, is [2005] f(0)=1 and g(x) be a function that satisfies
- p 1+ a
x
f(x) + g(x) = x 2 . Then the value of the integral
p p 1
(a) a p (b) (c) (d) 2p ò f ( x ) g ( x ) dx, is [2003]
2 a 0
1
2
1
3 2 e2 5 e2 5
(a) e + + (b) e - -
140. If I1 = ò 2 dx , I 2 = ò 2 dx , I3 = ò2
x2
x x
dx and 2 2 2 2
0 0 1
e2 3 e2 3
2 (c) e + - (d) e - - .
3 2 2 2 2
I 4 = ò 2 dx then
x
[2005] b
1 148. If f (a + b - x) = f ( x) then ò xf ( x )dx is equal to [2003]
a
(a) I 2 > I1 (b) I1 > I 2 (c) I3 = I 4 (d) I3 > I 4
141. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function having f (2) = 6, a+b
b
a+b b
f ( x)
4t 3
(a)
2 ò f (a + b + x )dx (b)
2 a
ò f (b - x)dx
æ 1 ö
ò
a
f '(2) = ç ÷ . Then lim dt equals [2005]
è 48 ø x®2 x-2
6 a+b b b-a b
(c) ò f ( x)dx (d) ò f ( x )dx .
(a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 12 (d) 18 2 a 2 a
f ( a)
ex x2
142. If f ( x) =
1+ e x
, I1 = ò xg{x (1 - x )}dx 2
ò sec tdt
f (-a ) 0
149. The value of lim is [2003]
f ( a) x ®0 x sin x
and I 2 = ò g{x (1 - x )}dx, (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
f (-a ) 150. If f ( y ) = e , g ( y ) = y; y > 0 and
y

I2 t
then the value of
I1
is [2004] F (t ) = ò f (t - y ) g ( y ) dy , then [2003]
0
(a) 1 (b) –3 (c) –1 (d) 2
p p/2 (a) F (t ) = te -t (b) F (t ) = 1 - te -t (1 + t )
143. If ò xf (sin x)dx = A ò f (sin x )dx, then A is [2004]
(c) F (t ) = e t - (1 + t ) (d) F (t ) = tet .
0 0

p p 2 x (1 + sin x )
(a) 2p (b) p
ò
(c) (d) 0
4 151. dx is [2002]
-p 1 + cos 2 x
p/2
(sin x + cos x ) 2
144. The value of I = ò 1 + sin 2 x
dx is [2004]
(a)
p2
(b) p 2 (c) ero (d)
p
0 2
4
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
2
ò [x
3 2
152. ]dx is [2002]
ò |1- x
145. The value of 2
|dx is [2004]
0
-2
1 14 7 28 (a) 2 – 2 (b) 2 + 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 (c) 2 –1 (d) - 2 - 3 + 5
1 p/4
146. The value of the integral I = ò x(1 - x ) n dx is [2003] 153. I n = ò tan n x dx then lim n[ I n + I n + 2 ] equals
n®¥
[2002]
0 0
1 1 1
(a) + (b) (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) ¥ (d) ero
n +1 n + 2 n +1
2
1 1 1 10 p
-
(c)
n+2
(d)
n +1 n + 2
. 154. ò0 | sin x | dx is [2002]
(a) 20 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 18

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M-386 Mathematics

1
Reduction Formulae for Definite
Integration, Gamma & Beta æ ( n + 1) (n + 2)...3n ö n
159. lim ç ÷ is equal to: [2016]
TOPIC Ė Function, Walli's Formula, n ®¥ è n 2n ø
Summation of Series by
Integration 9
(a) (b) 3 log 3 – 2
e2
155. Let a function f : [0, 5] ® R be continuous, f (1) = 3 and
F be defined as: 18 27
(c) 4 (d)
x x e e2
F(x) = òt
2
g (t )dt , where g(t) = ò f (u )du 160. f ( x ) = ò
dx
is a polynomial of degree
1
1
sin 6 x
Then for the function F, the point x = 1 is :
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] [Online May 26, 2012]
(a) 5 in cot x (b) 5 in tan x
(a) a point of local minima.
(c) 3 in tan x (d) 3 in cot x
(b) not a critical point.
é1 1 2 4 1 ù
(c) a point of local maxima. 161. nLim ê sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 ............ + sec 2 1ú
2
®¥ ën n n n n û
(d) a point of inflection.
equals [2005]
æ (n + 1)1/3 (n + 2)1/3 (2n)1/3 ö 1 1
156. nlim çç + + ..... + 4/3 ÷ is equal to : (a) sec 1 (b) cosec 1
®¥ 4/3 4/3 ÷
è n n n ø 2 2
[April 10, 2019 (I)] 1
(c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
3 4/3 3 4 4/3 2
(a) (2) - (b) (2)
4 4 3 n r
1
(c)
3 4/3 4
(2) - (d)
4 3/4
(2) 162.
Lim
n®¥ å n e n is [2004]
2 3 3 r =1
(a) e + 1 (b) e – 1 (c) 1 – e (d) e
æ n n n 1 ö
157. lim ç 2 2 + 2 + + ..... + ÷ is equal 1 + 2 + 3 + ...n
4 4 4
1 + 2 + 3 + ...n3
3 3
n ®¥ è n + 1 n + 2 2 n 2 + 32 5n ø 163. lim - lim [2003]
to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] n®¥ n5 n®¥ n5
p p 1 1 1
(a) (b) tan–1(3) (c) (d) tan–1(2) (a) (b) (c) Zero (d)
4 2 5 30 4
1a + 2a + ......... + na 1 1 p + 2 p + 3 p + ..... + n p
158. If lim = 164. lim is [2002]
n ®¥ ( n + 1)a -1 [ (na + 2) + .....(na + n) ] 60 n ®¥ n p +1
for some positive real number a, then a is equal to : 1 1
[Online April 9, 2017] (a) (b)
p +1 1- p
15 17
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) (d) 1 1 1
2 2 (c) - (d)
p p -1 p+2

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Integrals M-387

1. (Bonus)
x2
1
sin( x - 1) 4
4. (a) ò ( x sin x + cos x) 2 dx
lim 2
x ®1 ( x - 1) sin( x - 1)
d
Let x – 1 = h when x ® 1 then h ® 0 Q ( x sin x + cos x ) = x cos x
dx
sin h4 h æ x ö
lim ´ ´ h2 = 1 ´ 1 ´ 0 = 0 =ò
x cos x
h® 0 4 ç ÷ dx
h sin h ( x sin x + cos x ) 2 è cos x ø
II I
(No any option is correct)
+ e- x ) x é -1 ù
ò (e
x
2. (d) 2x
+ 2e x - e - x - 1) × e( e dx =
cos x êë x sin x + cos x úû
+ e- x ) + e- x )
I = ò ( e 2 x + e x - 1) × e( e dx + ò ( e x - e - x ) e( e
x x
dx x sin x + cos x é -1 ù
-ò ê dx
+ e- x ) + e- x )
2
cos x ë x sin x + cos x úû
= ò e x (e x + 1 - e - x ) × e (e
x x
dx + e( e
x é -1 ù
cos x ë x sin x + cos x úû ò
(e x + e- x + x ) (ex + e- x )
= ê + sec2 x dx
= ò (e - e x -x
+ 1)e dx + e

Let e x + e - x + x = t Þ (e x + e - x + 1)dx = dt - x sec x

= + tan x + C
x sin x + cos x
+ e- x ) + e- x )
= ò et dt + e (e
x x
= et + e (e +C
x
x
+ e- x + x) x
+ e- x )
5. (d) ò (1 + x)2 dx ( x > 0)
= e( e + e(e +C
x -x Put x = tan 2 q Þ 2 x dx = 2 tan q sec 2 q d q
+e
= (e x + 1). e(e )
+C
So, g (x) = 1 + ex and g (0) = 2 2 tan 2 q × sec 2 q
I =ò d q = ò 2sin 2 qd q
3. (d) Let sin q = t Þ cos q d q = dt sec 4 q
sin 2q
cos q = q- +C
ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos
dt
dq = 2
2
q 5 + 7t - 2 + 2t 2
1 2 tan q
1 Þ f ( x) = q - ´ +C
t+ 2 1 + tan 2 q
1 dt 1
Þ ò = ln
2 æ 7 ö2 æ 5 ö2 5 t + 3
2 +C
tan q x
çt + ÷ -ç ÷ f ( x) = q - + C = tan -1 x - +C
è 4ø è4ø 1 + tan q 2 1+ x

1 2t + 1 1 2sin q + 1 3 1
= ln + C = ln +C Now f (3) - f (1) = tan -1 ( 3) - - tan -1 (1) +
5 t +3 5 sin q + 3 1+ 3 2

2sin q + 1 1 p 1 3
\ B (q ) = and A = = + -
2(sin q + 3) 5 12 2 4

B(q) 5(2sin q + 1) æ x ö
Þ =
ò
(a) I = sin -1 ç
ò
-1
ç 1 + x ÷÷ dx = tan x × 1 dx
A (sin q + 3) 6.
è ø
I II

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M-388 Mathematics

1 1 cos x dx
= x tan -1 x - ò ×
1+ x 2 x
.x dx + C 9. (d) Let I = ò sin 3 x(1 + sin6 x)2 3
1 t × 2t dt = f (x) (1 + sin6x)1/l + c ...(i)
= x tan -1
x- ò +C If sin x = t
2 1+ t 2
then, cos x dx = dt
(Put x = t 2 Þ dx = 2t dt )
dt dt
I =ò 2
=ò 2
( )
2
t
= x tan -1 x - ò dt + C t3 1 + t 6 3 7æ 1 ö3
1+ t2 t ç1 + 6 ÷
è t ø
= x tan -1 x - t + tan -1 t + C
1 dt -1 2
= x tan -1 x - x + tan -1 x + C Put 1 + = r3 Þ = r dr
t6 t7 2
= ( x + 1) tan -1 x - x + C
1 r 2 dr 1
2 ò r2
- =- r +c
Þ A( x) = x + 1 Þ B( x) = - x 2
dx 1
7. (a) I = ò 8/7 6/7 1 æ sin 6 x + 1 ö 3
1
( x + 4) ( x - 3) =- ç ÷ +c =-
1
(1 + sin 6 x ) 3 + c
2 çè sin 6 x ÷ø 2
2sin x
-6
æ x-3ö 1
= òç
7
÷ dx 1
è x+4ø ( x + 4)2 f(x) = – cosec2x and l = 3 [from eqn. (i)]
2
x-3 7 æpö
Let =t , \ lf ç ÷ = -2
x+4 è3ø
Differentiate on both sides, we get
(2 x 3 - 1)dx (2 x - x -2 )dx
7
dx = 7t dt 6 10. (c) Given integral, I = ò x4 + x
=ò
x 2 + x -1
( x + 4)2
Put x + x = u Þ (2x – x )dx = du
2 –1 –2

1
x - 3 ö7 du
Hence, I = ò t -6t 6 dt = t + C = æç ÷ +C Þ I= òu = log | u | + c = log| x2 + x–1 | + c
è x+4ø
dq x3 + 1
8. (c) I = ò = log +c
2
cos q(tan 2q + sec 2q) x
11. (b) Given integral
sec2 q
=ò dq
1 + tan 2 q 2 tan q tan x + tan a sin( x + a )
2
+
1 - tan q 1 - tan q 2 ò tan x - tan adx = ò sin( x - a) dx
Let x – a = t Þ dx = dt
sec 2 q(1 - tan 2 q)
=ò dq sin(t + 2a)
(1 + tan q)2 = ò sin t
dt = ò [cos 2a + sin 2a. cot t ]dt

sec 2 q(1 - tan q)

=ò dq = cos 2a . t + sin 2a . log | sin t | + c
1 + tan q
Let tanq = t Þ sec2q dq = dt, then = (x – a) . cos 2a + sin 2a . log | sin (x – a) | + c

æ 1- t ö æ 2 ö dx dx
I = òç ÷ dt = ò ç -1 + 1 + t ÷ dt 12. (a) Let I = ò ( x2 - 2 x + 10)2 = ò (( x - 1)2 + 9) 2
è 1+ t ø è ø
= – t + 2 log (1 + t) + C Let (x – 1)2 = 9 tan2 q ...(i)
= – tanq + 2 log (1 + tanq) + C
x -1
Hence, by comparison l = – 1 and f (x) = 1 + tanq Þ tan q =
3

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Integrals M-389

After differentiating equation ...(i), we get 15. (a) Given,

(sec x tan x f ( x ) + (sec x + tan x + sec x )) dx

2 (x – 1) dx = 18 tan q sec2q dq
òe
sec x 2
18tan q sec2 qd q
\ I= ò 2 ´ 3tan q ´ 81sec4 q
= esec x f ( x ) + C ...(i)
1 1 1
I=
27 ò cos 2 qd q =
27 2 ò
´ (1 + cos 2q)d q
Q òe ( )
g x
( ( g ' ( x ) f ( x ) ) + f '( x ) ) dx = e g ( x ) ´ f ( x ) + C
1 ì sin 2q ü Our comparing above equation by equation (i),
I= íq + ý+c
54 î 2 þ

é
(
f ( x ) = ò ( sec x tan x ) + sec 2 x dx )
æ x -1 ö ù
ê 2ç ÷ ú \ f (x) = sec x + tan x + C
1 ê -1 æ x - 1 ö 1
+ ´ è
3 ø ú
tan ç ÷ +c
I = 54 ê è 3 ø 2 2ú
æ x -1 ö ú æ 5x ö
ê 1+ ç ÷ sin ç ÷ x
2cos .sin
5x
êë è 3 ø úû è 2 ø dx
(c) ò ò 2 2 dx
16. æxö = x x
1 é -1 æ x - 1 ö 3( x - 1) ù sin ç ÷ 2cos .sin
I = 54 ê tan ç 3 ÷ + 2 ú+c è 2ø 2 2
ë è ø x - 2 x + 10 û
é -1 æ x - 1 ö ù sin 3 x + sin 2 x
Compare it with A ê tan ç b ÷ + 2
f ( x)
ú+c,
= ò sin x
dx
ë è ø x - 2 x + 10 û
1
we get: A = and f (x) = 3 (x – 1) = ò (3 - 4sin 2 x + 2cos x)dx
54
13. (d) Since, function f(x) have local extreem points at [Qsin 2x = 2 sin x cos x and sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3x]
x = –1, 0, 1. Then
f(x) = K (x + 1) x (x – 1) = ò (3 - 2(1 - cos 2 x ) + 2cos x) dx
= K (x3 – x)
= ò (1 + 2 cos x + 2cos 2 x ) dx
æ x4 x 2 ö
Þ f(x) = K çç 4 - 2 ÷÷ + C (using integration) = x + 2 sin x + sin 2x + c
è ø
Þ f(0) = C dx dx
æ x 4 x2 ö
17. (d) Let, ò 2
=ò 2

Q f(x) = f(0) Þ K çç 4 - 2 ÷÷ = 0 x3 (1 + x6 ) 3 x 7 (1 + x -6 ) 3
è ø
dx æ 1 ö 2
x2 æ x2 ö Put 1 + x–6 = t3 Þ – 6–7 dx = 3t2 dt Þ 7 = ç - ÷ t dt
Þ 2 çç 2 - 1÷÷ = 0 Þ x = 0,0, 2, - 2 x è 2ø
è ø
2
æ 1 ö t dt 1
\ S = {0, - 2, 2} Now, I = ò ç - ÷ 2 = - t + C
è 2ø t 2
2 4
14.
ò
(a) I = sec 3 [Link] 3 dx
1
6 3
1

= - (1 + x -6 ) 3 + C = - 1 (1 + x ) + C
1
sec 2 xdx
I=ò 4
2 2 x2
tan 3 x 1
1
Put tan x = =- x(1 + x6 ) 3 + C
Þ sec2 x dx = d 2 x3

-1 1
-
4
z3
-1 Hence, f (x) = -
Þ I =òz 3 × dz = + C Þ I = -3(tan x ) 3 + C 2x3
æ -1 ö
ç ÷
è 3 ø

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M-390 Mathematics

(c) Let the integral, I = ò cos(ln x) dx

3
18. 1æ 1 ö2
= - ç 2 - 1÷ + C
- sin(ln x ) 3è x ø
Þ I = cos(ln x ).x - ò .x dx 3
x 1 1
= - × 3 × (1 - x 2 ) 2 + C
= x cos(ln x) + ò sin(ln x)dx 3 x
-1
( )
3
cos(ln x ) = 1 - x 2
+C
= x cos (ln x) + sin(ln x).x – ò .x dx 3x 3
x
Compare both sides,
= x cos(ln x) + sin(ln x) . x – I
1
Þ 2I = x(cos (ln x) + sin (ln x)) + C Þ A(x) = - and m = 3
3x3
x -1
Þ I= [cos (ln x) + sin (ln x )] + C Þ (A(x))3 =
2 27x 9
3x13 + 2 x11 x +1
3x13 + 2 x11 ò dx 21. (c) Let I = ò dx
(b) I = ò
4
19. dx = æ 3 1ö 2x – 1
(2 x4 + 3x2 + 1) 4 x16 ç 2 + 2 + 4 ÷
è x x ø
Put 2 x -1 = t
3 2
+ \ 2x – 1 = t2 Þ dx = tdt
x3 x5
ò
I= æ 3 1ö
4
dx
(t 2 + 3) t 3 3t
çè 2 + 2 + 4 ÷ø
x x
I= ò 2 dt = + +C
6 2
3
3 1 æ 3 2ö 1
Let 2 + + 4 = t, -2 ç 3 + 5 ÷ dx = dt 2
= (2 x –1) + 3 (2 x –1) 2 + C
x 2
x èx x ø
6 2
-
dt æ x + 4ö
-4+1 = 2 x –1 çè ÷ +C
2 = -1 t 3 ø
Then, I =
ò t 4
2 -4 + 1
+C
= f (x). 2 x –1 + C
-1 1 1 x+4
I= ´ +C Hence, f (x) =
2 (-3) æ 3 1ö
3
3
çè 2 + 2 + 4 ø÷
x x 1

(a) Let, I = ò (sin q - sin q) cos qd q

n n
1 x12 22.
n+1
I= +C sin q
6 (2 x + 3x 2 + 1)3
4
Let sin q = u

( 1- x ) 1- x Þ cos q dq = du
m 2
20. (a) A( x)
2
+C =ò dx
x4 1

\ I = ò (u - u) du
n n
1
-1 u n +1
x2
=
ò x3
dx
1
æ 1 ön
çè1 - n -1 ø÷
1 1
- 1 = u2 = u - n (1 - u1-n ) n du
du ò
Let = u
x2 ò un
2 2u du
Þ - = Let 1 – u1 – n = v
x3 dx
Þ –(1 – n)u–n du = dv
dx
= –u du dv
x3 Þ u–n du =
m
n -1
3
A( x) æç 1 - x 2 ö÷ + C = ò (-u 2 )du = - + C
u
è ø 3

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Integrals M-391

25. (a) Let I

1
+1
1 1 vn sin2 xcos2 x
dv × =ò dx
\ I=ò vn × = n -1 1 (sin5x+ cos3xsin2x+ sin3xcos 2 x + cos5x)2
n -1 +1
n
sin 2 x cos2 x
n +1 =ò dx
n
n +1
æ n 1 ö n [(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)(sin 3 x + cos3 x)]2
= 2 v n +C = ç1 - ÷ +C
n -1 n2 - 1 è u n -1 ø sin 2 x cos 2 x tan 2 x × sec 2 x
=ò dx = ò dx
3 3 2
n+1 (sin x + cos x) (1 + tan 3x) 2
n æ 1 ö n
= ç1 - ÷ +C Now, put (1 + tan3x) = t
n2 - 1 è sin n-1 q ø Þ 3 tan2x sec2x dx = dt
23. (c, d ) Consider the given integral 1 dt 1 -1
\ I= ò
3 t 2
=- + C =
3t 3(1 + tan3 x)
+C
2sin( x 2 - 1) - 2sin( x 2 - 1)cos( x 2 - 1)
I=ò x dx tan x
2sin( x 2 - 1) + 2sin(x 2 - 1)cos( x 2 - 1) 26. (a) Let I = ò 1 + tan x + tan 2 x dx
(\ sin 2 q = 2sin q cos q)
tan x + 1 + tan 2 x (1 + tan 2 x)
1 - cos( x 2 - 1) ÞI= ò tan x + 1 + tan x
2
dx - ò
1 + tan x + tan 2 x
Þ I=ò x dx
1 + cos( x 2 - 1)
sec2 xdx
ÞI= x-ò
æ x 2 - 1ö 1 + tan x + tan 2 x
Þ I = ò x tan ç 2 ÷ dx ,
è ø Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x . dx = dt
dt
x2 - 1 2x \I= x-ò
Now let =t Þ dx = dt 1
t + t + +1 -
2 1
2 2
4 4
\ I = ò | tan(t ) | dt = ln | sec t | + C
dt
= x-ò 2
æ 1ö æ 3ö
2
æ x - 1ö 2
1 2 æ x - 1ö
2

or I = ln sec ç 2 ÷ + c = 2 ln sec ç 2 ÷ + c ç t + ÷ + çç ÷
è ø è ø è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø

5 x8 + 7 x 6 æ 1ö
24. (a) f(x) = ò dx, x ³ 0
2 çt + ÷
( x + 1 + 2 x7 )2
2
ÞI= x- -1
tan ç 2 ÷+C
3 ç 3 ÷
ç ÷
5 x8 + 7 x 6 è 2 ø
=ò dx
x ( x-5 + x -7 + 2)2
14
2 æ 2 tan x + 1 ö
ÞI= x- tan -1 ç ÷+C
5x -6 + 7 x -8 3 è 3 ø
=ò dx
(2 + x -7 + x -5 )2 \ A = 3 and K = 2
Let 2 + x–7 + x–5 = t x–4
27. (b) Suppose, = y Þ x – 4 = y (x + 2)
Þ (–7x–8 – 5x–6)dx = dt x+2
- dt 2y + 4
Þ f(x) = ò = ò - t -2 dt = t -1 + c Þ x (1 – y) = 2y + 4 Þ x =
t2 1– y
1
Þ f(x) = -7
+ c, f (0) = 0 Þ c = 0 æ 2y + 4 ö
2+x + x -5 So, f (y) = 2 ç ÷ +1
è 1– y ø
1
\ f(1) =
4 æ 2x + 4 ö 3x + 9
Now, f (x) = 2 ç ÷ +1 =
è 1 – x ø 1– x

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M-392 Mathematics

3 ( x + 3) 3 (x –1 + 4) 12
= = – 3+ 1 + 2cos x + cos2 x
ò
= Þ I= . dx
1– x 1– x 1– x
sin x
\ ò f (x) dx = – 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
1 + cos x
28. (a) Q 7 – 6x – x2 = 16 – (x + 3)2 Þ I = ò sin x
. dx
d
and (7 – 6x – x2) = – 2x – 6
dx Þ I = ò cosec x + cot x . dx
2x + 5 2x + 6 Þ I = log cosec x - cot x + log sin x + C
So, ò 7 - 6x - x 2
dx = ò
7 - 6x - x2
dx
Þ I = log 1 - cos x + C
1
-ò dx x
16 - ( x + 3)2 Þ I = log 2sin 2 +C
2
æ x+3ö
= -2 7 - 6 x - x 2 - sin -1 ç ÷+C x
è 4 ø Þ I = log sin 2 + log 2 + C
2
Therefore, A = – 2, & B = – 1.
x
3x - 4 ö Þ I = 2log sin + C1
(b) f çæ
4
29. ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - 2
è 3x + 4 ø 3
dx dx
Consider
3x - 4
=t 31. (a) ò cos3 x
4sin x cos x
=ò
2 cos4 x tan x
3x + 4
Þ 3x - 4 = 3tx + 4t Let tan x = t2 Þ sec2 x = 1 + t4
sec2 x dx = 2t dt
4t + 4
Þ x= +2
3 - 3t sec 4 x dx sec 2 x (sec2 x dx )
10 - 2t
= ò2 tan x
= ò 2 tan x
Þ f (t) =
3 - 3t
(1 + t 4 )2t dt t5
2x - 10
= ò = ò (1 + t 4 ) dt = t + + k
Þ f (x) =
2t 5
3x - 3
1
2x - 10 = tan x + tan 5 / 2 x + k ét = tan x ù
ë û
\ ò f ( x ) dx = ò 3x - 3
dx 5
1 5 1
2x dx A= ,B= ,C=
= ò dx - 10ò 2 2 5
3x - 3 3x - 3
16
2 x -1 2 dx 10 dx A+B+C=
= ò dx + ò
3 x - 1 3 ò x -1
- 5
3 x -1
log(t + 1 + t 2 )
=
2x 8
- ln ( x - 1) + C 32. (d) Let I = ò dt
3 3 1 + t2
8
Here, A = - , B =
2 put u = log(t + 1 + t 2 )
3 3
é t + 1+ t2 ù 1
æ 8 2ö 1
.ê ú = dt
\ (A, B) = ç - , ÷ du =
è 3 3ø t + 1 + t 2 êë 1 + t 2 úû 1+ t2

30. (a) Let, I = ò 1 + 2 cot x cosec x + 2 cot 2 x . dx u2

\ I = ò u du = +c
2
sin 2 x + 2cos x + 2cos2 x
Þ I= ò sin 2 x
. dx
Since, I =
1
[g(t)]2 + c
2

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Integrals M-393

\ g(t) = log (t + 1 + t 2 ) -1
æ 1 - x2 ö
Put t = 2
35. (a) Let I = ò x cos ç ÷ dx
è 1 + x2 ø
g (b) = log (2 + 5) -1
\I=2 ò IIx .tanI x dx
æ 1ö x+ 1
33. (d) Let I = ò ç1 + x - ÷ e x dx Applying Integration by parts
è xø
é æ d ö ù
I = 2 ê tan -1 x ò xdx - ò ç (tan -1 x÷ ò xdx)dx ú
x+ 1 x æ 1 ö x+ 1 ë è dx ø û
= òe dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx
è xø é x2 -1 1 x2 ù
æ 1 ö x+ 1 æ 1 ö x+ 1 I = 2 ê tan x - ò ´ dx ú + c
= x.e
x+ 1 x - ò x ç 1 - ÷ e x dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx êë 2 1 + x 2 2 úû
è x2 ø è xø
1 é x2 1 x2 + 1 - 1 ù
x+ æ 1 ö x+ 1 æ 1 ö x+ 1 I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò 2 dx ú + c
= x.e x - ò ç x - ÷ e x dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx 2 x +1
è x ø è xø ëê 2 ûú
1
x+ é x2 1 x2 + 1 1 1 ù
+C I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò dx + ò dx ú + c
= xe x

sin 2 x cos 2 x êë 2 2 x2 + 1 2 1 + x2 ú
û
34. (b) Let I = ò (sin 3 x + cos3 x)2 dx é x2 ù
1 1
I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò [Link] + tan -1 x ú + c
æ sin [Link] x ö
2
êë 2 2 2 úû
I= ò çè sin3 x + cos3 x ÷ø dx
é x2 x 1 ù
2 I = 2 ê tan -1 x - + tan -1 x ú + c
æ sin x. cos x ö êë 2 2 2 úû
I = ò çç ÷ dx 2 -1 -1
I = x tan x + tan x - x + c
è cos3 x (1 + tan 3 x) ø÷
2 or I = - x + ( x 2 + 1) tan -1 x + c
æ sin [Link] 2 x ö
= òç ÷ dx
è (1 + tan3 x ) ø sin8 x - cos8 x
36. (b) Let I = ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
Put 1 + tan 3 x = t
dt (sin 4 x )2 - (cos 4 x)2
dt = 3tan 2 x sec2 x dx or dx = 2
3tan x sec x 2 = ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx

sin 2 x.sec4 x dt (sin 4 x + cos 4 x)(sin 4 x - cos 4 x)

\I= ò t 2
´ 2
3 tan x sec x 2 = ò dx
1 - 2sin 2 x cos2 x
1 sin 2 [Link] 4 x dt
I=
3 ò t 2
´
2
sin x
[(sin 2 x + cos 2 x )2 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x ]
´ sec2 x [(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ][sin 2 x - cos 2 x]
2
cos x = ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx

1 sin 2 x.sec4 x dt - sin 2 x 1

= 3ò 2
´ = - ò cos 2x dx = + c = - sin 2 x + c
t sin x sec 4 x
2 2 2

1 dt 1 -2 37. (c) Let ò f ( x)dx = y ( x)

3 ò t2
\I= = ò t dt
3
òx
5
Let I = f ( x3 )dx
1 é t -2+1 ù -1 é1ù put x3 = t
I = 3 ê -2 + 1ú + c = +c
êë ûú 3 êë t úû Þ 3x2dx = dt
1
3ò
1 I= 3 · x 2 · x 3 · f ( x3 ) · dx
or I = - +c
3(1 + tan 3 x)
1 1
= ò tf (t )dt = éët ò f (t )dt - ò f (t )dt ùû
3 3

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M-394 Mathematics

1é æ x 2 + sin 2 x ö
= t y (t ) - ò y (t )dt ùû
3ë 40. (a) Let f (x) = ò ç 2
÷ sec x dx
è 1 + x2 ø
1 3
= éë x y ( x ) - 3ò x y ( x )dx ùû + c
3 2 3
3 sin 2 x
x 2 sec 2 x +
cos 2 x dx
=
1 3
x y ( x3 ) - ò x 2 y ( x 3 )dx + c = ò 1+ x 2
3
cos 8x + 1 x sec 2 x + tan 2 x
2
38. (a) Let I = ò dx = ò dx
cot 2 x - tan 2 x 1 + x2

Now, Dr = cot 2x – tan 2x =

cos 2 x sin 2 x
- (
x 2 1 + tan 2 x + tan 2 x )
sin 2 x cos 2 x = ò 1+ x 2
dx
cos 2 2 x - sin 2 2 x 2 cos 4 x
= = x 2 + tan 2 x(1 + x2 )
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 4 x = ò 1 + x2
dx
2 2
2 cos 4 x 2 cos 4 x . sin 4 x
\ I=ò dx = ò dx x2
2cos 4 x 2 cos 4 x = ò 1 + x2 dx + ò tan 2 x dx
sin 4 x

( )
1 1 cos8 x 1 x2 +1 -1
= ò sin 8 x dx = - + k = - .cos 8 x + k
2 2 8 16 = ò 1 + x2
dx + ò sec 2 x - 1 dx
1
Now, - .cos 8 x + k = A cos 8 x + k dx
16 = ò 1 dx - ò + ò sec 2 xdx - ò dx
1 1 + x2
Þ A=-
16 = – tan–1 x + tan x + c
sin x Given : f (0) = 0
5 tan x
5 Þ f (0) = – tan –10 + tan0 + c Þ c = 0
39. (d) ò dx = ò cos x dx
\ f (x) = – tan–1x + tan x
tan x - 2 sin x
-2
cos x p
Now, f (1) = – tan–1(1) + tan 1 = tan 1 –
4
æ 5sin x cos x ö
= òç ´
è cos x sin x - 2cos x ÷ø
dx x2 - x
41. (a) Let I = ò dx
5sin x dx x3 - x 2 + x - 1
=ò
sin x - 2 cos x x ( x - 1) x dx 1 2 x dx
= ò dx = ò ò
æ 4sin x + sin x + 2cos x - 2cos x ö 2
( x - 1) + ( x - 1) x2 + 1
=
= òç ÷ø dx
x 2 ( x 2 + 1)
è sin x - 2cos x
Let x2 + 1 = t Þ 2x dx = dt
( sin x - 2 cos x) + ( 4 sin x + 2 cos x )
=ò dx 1 dt 1
sin x - 2 cos x \I= ò = log t + c
2 t 2
=ò
( sin x - 2 cos x ) + 2 ( cos x + 2sin x ) dx
( sin x - 2 cos x ) =
1
2
(
log x 2 + 1 + c )
sin x - 2cos x æ cos x + 2sin x ö
=ò dx + 2ò ç where ‘c’ is the constant of integration.
è sin x - 2cos x ÷ø
dx
sin x - 2cos x 42. (d) Statement - 2: cos3x is a periodic function.
cos x + 2sin x It is a true statement.
= ò dx + 2ò dx = I1 + I2
sin x - 2 cos x Statement - 1
cos x + 2sin x æ cos 3x 3cos x ö
where, I1 = ò dx and I 2 = 2ò dx Given f ( x) = ò cos3 x dx = ò ç +
sin x - 2 cos x è 4 ÷ dx
4 ø
Let sin x – 2cos x = t
Þ (cos x + 2sin x) dx = dt 1 sin 3 x 3 1 3
= + sin x = sin 3x + sin x
dt 4 3 4 12 4
\ I 2 = 2ò = 2 ln t + C = 2 ln (sin x–2cos x) + C
t 1 2p
Now, period of sin 3x =
Hence, I1 + I 2 = dx + 2ln ( sin x - 2cos x ) + c
ò 12 3
= x + 2ln |(sin x – 2 cos x)| + k Þ a = 2

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Integrals M-395

3 1 æ p x pö
Period of sin x = 2p = log tan ç + + ÷ + C
4 2 è 4 2 8ø
L.C.M. ( 2p, 2p ) 2p é
= 2p æ p xö ù
( )
Hence period of f(x) = HCF of 1,3 =
1 êQ ò sec x dx = log tan çè + ÷ø ú
ë 4 2 û
Thus, f(x) is a periodic function of period 2p. 1 æ x 3p ö
= log tan ç + ÷ + C
Hence, Statement - 1 is false. 2 è2 8 ø
sin xdx
43. (c) Let I = 2 ò sin x sin( x - a + a)
æ pö
sin ç x – ÷
è 4ø
46. (b) ò sin( x - a) dx =ò sin( x - a)
dx

sin( x - a ) cos a + cos( x - a)sin a

p =ò dx
Let x – = t Þ dx = dt sin( x - a )
4
= ò {cos a + sin a cot( x - a )}dx
æ pö
sin ç t + ÷ = (cos a) x + (sin a) logsin( x - a) + C
è 4 ø = 2 æ sin t + cos t ö dt
Þ I = 2ò
sin t
dt ò ç sin t ÷ø
2 è Comparing with Ax + B logsin(x – a) + c
\ A = cosa, B = sin a
Þ I = ò (1 + cot t )dt = t + log |sin t| + c1 47. (d) Q f ''(x) – g¢¢ (x) = 0
p æ pö Integrating, f ¢ (x) – g¢ (x) = c;
= x– + log sin ç x – ÷ + c1
4 è 4ø
Þ f ¢ (1)– g¢ (1) = c Þ 4 – 2 = c Þ c = 2.
æ pö æ pö
= x + log sin çè x – ÷ø + c çè where c = c1 – ÷ø \ f ¢ (x) – g¢ (x) = 2;
4 4
Integrating, f (x) – g (x) = 2x + c1
dx
44. (c) I = ò Þ f (2) – g(2) = 4 + c1 Þ 9 – 3 = 4 + c1;
cos x + 3 sin x
Þ c1 = 2 \ f (x) – g(x) = 2x + 2
dx At x = 3/2, f (x) – g(x) = 3 + 2 = 5.
Þ I =ò
é1 3 ù 2
2 ê cos x + sin x ú 48. (c) I = ò e x x x (2 + loge x ) dx
1
ë2 2 û
2
I = ò e x x x [1 + (1 + loge x)] dx
1 dx 1 dx 1
= ò = .ò
2 é p p ù 2 æ pö
êësin 6 cos x + cos 6 sin x úû sin ç x + ÷ 2
è 6ø = ò e x [ x x + x x (1 + loge x)] dx
1

1 æ pö Q ò e x ( f ( x) + f '( x)) dx = e x f ( x) + c
2ò
Þ I= . cosec ç x + ÷ dx
è 6ø
2
We know that \ I = éëe x x x ùû
1

ò cosec x dx = log | (tan x / 2) | + C = e2 ´ 4 - e ´ 1 = 4e2 - e = e(4e - 1)

x p
. log tan æç + ö÷ + C
1 a+1
\ I= dx
2 è 2 12 ø 49. (a) ò ( x + a )( x + a + 1)
dx dx a
(a) ò
cos x - sin x ò æ 1
45. = a+1
1 ö é 1 1 ù
cos x -
2ç
è 2 2
sin x÷
ø = ò ê x + a - x + a + 1 ú dx [Using partial fraction]
ë û
a
dx 1 æ pö a+1
=ò
æ pö
=
2
ò sec ç x + ÷ dx
è 4ø
æ ( x + a) ö
= log ç ( x ÷
æ 2a + 1 2a + 1 ö
= log ç . ÷
2 cos ç x + ÷ è + a + 1) ø a è 2a + 2 2a ø
è 4ø
9
= log (Given)
8

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M-396 Mathematics

(2a + 1)2 9 -1 x 3dy -1 dy

So, = Þ 2
8a + 8a + 2 = 9a + 9a 2
\ I= 4 ò 3 3/ 4
= ò
4 (1 + y)3/ 4
a(a + 1) 2 x (1 + y)
Þ a2 + a – 2 = 0 Þ a = 1, – 2 -1
= ´ 4(1 + y)1/ 4 = -(1 + x -4 )1/ 4 + C
2 4
50. (c) Let, 1 = ò x2 .e - x dx 1/ 4
æ x 4 + 1ö
Put – x2 = t Þ – 2x dx = dt = –ç 4 ÷ +C
è x ø
t 2 .et dt -1 t 2 dx
1= ò = e (t - 2t + 2)c 54. (b) ò
( -2) 2 ( x + 1) 3/ 4
( x - 2 )5/ 4
-1 4 -5
\ g ( x) = ( x + 2 x 2 + 2) Þ g (-1) = dx x +1
2 2 ò 3/ 4
, put
x-2
=t
æ x +1 ö
5 -4x ç ÷ ( x - 2 )2
ò x e dx
3
51. (b) I = è x-2ø
Put –4x3 = q -3 dt
Þ –12x2 dx = dq =
( x - 2) 2 dx
dq
Þ x2 dx = - dx dt -1 dt 1 -3
12 =- = ò = - ò t lt
( x - 2) 2 3 3 3/ 4 3 4
t
1 q 1 q q
I= ò 48 qe d q = 48 [q e - e ] + C é -3 +1 ù
1 ê t 4 ú -4 é x + 1 ù
1/ 4
= ê ú = +c
3 êë x - 2 úû
1 -4 x3
I= e (-4 x 3 - 1) + C 3 ê -3 ú
48 +1
êë 4 úû
Then, by comparison
f(x) = –4x3 – 1 x 5m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1 x5 m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1
55. (b) ò dx = ò dx
dx ( x 2 m + x m + 1)3 x 6 m (1 + x - m + x -2 m )3
52. (c) I = ò
(1 + x ). x 1 - x
x - m -1 + 2 x -2 m -1
1 =ò dx
Put 1 + x =tÞ dx = dt (1 + x - m + x -2 m )3
2 x
Put t = 1 + x–m + x–2m
2dt
Þ 1= ò \
dt
= - mx - m -1 - 2mx -2 m -1
t 2t - t 2 dx
1 -1
Again put t = Þ dt = 2 dz Þ
dt
= ( x - m -1 + 2 x -2 m -1 ) dx
z 2 -m
-1
dz x5 m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1 1 -3 1
z2 - dz \ ò dx = ò t dt = +C
Þ I=2 ò = 2ò ( x 2 m + x m + 1)3 -m 2mt 2
1 2 1 2z - 1
-
z z z 2 1
= -m
+C
2 2m(1 + x + x -2 m ) 2
= – 2 2 z -1 + c = – 2 - 1 + c
t x 4m
= 2m
+C
2-t 1- x 2m ( x + x m + 1) 2
=– 2 +c =– 2 +c
t 1+ x x 4m
\ f ( x) =
dx 2 m( x + x m + 1) 2
2m
53. (b) I = ò
dx
= ò x 3 (1 + x -4 )3/ 4
x 2 (x 4 + 1)3/ 4 x dx
56. (b) I = ò
Let x–4 = y 2 - x 2 + 2 - x2
-1 3 dt 1
Þ –4x–3 dx = dy Þ dx = x dy Put t = 2 - x 2 , = . (-2 x)
4 dx 2 2 - x 2

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Integrals M-397

Þ – t dt = x dx
5051 5050
(-t ) dt 1 Þ I 2 = I1 Þ I 2 = I1
\ I=ò =-ò dt = - log | t + 1| 5050 5051
t2 + t t +1
5050
Þa=
= - log 2 - x2 + 1 + c 5051

x 2 - x + 1 cot -1 x p/2
57. (b) Let I =
x2 + 1
ò
.e dx 61. (c) I = ò
1
dx
-p / 2 1 + e
sin x
Put x = cot t Þ – cosec2 t dt = dx
Now, 1 + cot2 t = cosec2 t 0 p/2
1 1
I=ò
e (cot t - cot t + 1)
t 2
(- cosec 2t ) dt
= ò dx + ò dx
-p / 2 1 + e 1 + esin x
sin x
\ 2 0
(1 + cot t )
p/2
= - ò et (cosec 2 t - cot t ) dt æ 1 1 ö
= ò çè + ÷ dx
1 + esin x 1 + e - sin x ø
ò e (cot t - cosec
t 2 0
= t ) dt = et cot t + C
p/2
-1 -1 1 + esin x p
= ecot x ( x) + C º A(x) . ecot +C
ò
x
= dx =
Þ A(x) = x 0 1+ e sin x 2

x6 x6 (1 + x 6 ) - 1 ì 2 - x, x < 2
58. (a) ò x+ x 7
dx = ò
x(1 + x ) 6
dx = ò x (1 + x 6 )
dx 62. (a) f ( x ) = | x - 2 | = í
î x - 2, x ³ 2
1 1 ì2 - f ( x), f ( x) < 2
= ò x
dx – ò
x + x7
dx = ln | x | – p(x) + c g ( x) = f ( f ( x)) = í
î f ( x) - 2, f ( x) ³ 2
1 + ( log x ) - 2 log x
2
(log x - 1) 2 ì 2 - (2 - x ), 2 - x < 2, x<2
59. (d) ò (1 + (log x)2 )2 dx = ò é1 + ( log x ) 2 ù2
dx
ï(2 - x ) - 2,
ï 2 - x ³ 2, x<2
ë û =í
ï 2 - ( x - 2), x - 2 < 2, x³2
é 1 2 log x ù ïî( x - 2) - 2, x - 2 ³ 2, x³2
= òê 2
-
2 2ú
dx
êë (1 + (log x) ) (1 + (log x) ) úû ì -x 0 < x £ 0
ï x 0< x<2
é et 2t et ù ï
\ I= òê - ú dt =í
2 ï 4 - x 2 £x<4
ëê1 + t (1 + t 2 )2 ûú
ïî x - 4 x³4
é 1 2t ù
= òe ê -
t 3
ú dt \ ò [ g ( x) - f ( x)] dx
ëê1 + t (1 + t 2 ) 2 ûú
2
0

é Which is of the form e x ( f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) ) dx

2 3 3
ò = ò x dx + ò (4 - x ) dx - ò | x - 2 | dx = 1
ë 0 2 0

ò = f (x) × e x + cù
û p/3 é1 d (tan 4 x ) 1 d (sin 4 3 x) ù
e t
x
63. (c) òp / 6 ê 2 dx
× sin 4 3 x + tan 4 x ×
2 dx
údx
= +c = +c ë û
1+ t 2
1 + (log x) 2
1 p/3
2 òp / 6
1 1 = d (tan 4 x × sin 4 3x )dx
60.
ò 0 ò
(c) I 2 = (1 - x50 )101dx = (1 - x50 )(1 - x50 )100 dx
0
1 1
I 2 = ò (1 - x50 )100 dx - ò x x 49 (1 - x50 )100 dx p /3
1
×1
0 0 14 4244 3 é tan 4 x sin 4 3x ù 9× 0 9 -1
I II =ê ú = - =
1 ë 2 ûp / 6 2 2 18
1 (1 - x )
50 101
é x ù
I 2 = I1 + ê (1 - x50 )101 ú - ò dx 64. (21)
ë 5050 û 0 0 5050
I2 n 1
I 2 = I1 + 0 - n
5050 ò {x} dx =nò x × dx = 2
0 0

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M-398 Mathematics

n n 1
n2 n
Þ ò [ x ] dx = ò ( x - {x})dx = - = [ x - x 2 ]02 + [ x 2 - x]11 + [ x ]12
0 0
2 2
2

According to the questions,

1 1 æ 1 1ö 1 1 3
= - + (1 - 1) - ç - ÷ + 2 - 1 = + + 1 =
n n2 - n 2 4 è 4 2ø 4 4 2
, , 10(n2 - n) are in GP
2 2 68. (1)
2
ò1 | 2 x - [3x] | dx
2
æ n2 - n ö n
\ç ÷ = 2 ´ 10(n - n)
2
è 2 ø
2
= ò | 3x - [3 x] - x | dx
Þ n = 21n Þ n = 21.
2 1

2 2
65.
p
(c) I = ò | p- | x || dx [Q | p- | x || is even] = ò | {3x} - x | dx = ò ( x - {3x})dx
1 1
-p
2 2
p
= 2ò | p- | x || dx = ò xdx - ò {3x} dx
1 1
0

p 2
= 2ò (p - x) dx é x2 ù 1/ 3

0 = ê ú - 3 ò 3 x dx
ë 2 û1 0
p
é x2 ù æ p2 ö
= 2 ê px - ú = 2 ç p 2 - ÷ = p 2 . é x2 ù
1/ 3
2 û0 è 2ø (4 - 1) 3 1
ë = -9ê ú = - =1
2 2
ë û0 2 2
1
2
k x2 1
=ò
1
66. (a) dx bx 2 cx 3 b c
(d) ò (a + bx + cx )dx = ax +
2
6 0 (1 - x 2 )3/ 2 69. + =a+ +
2 3 2 3
0 0
Let x = sin q; dx = cos q d q,
æ1ö b c
1 p Now, f (1) = a + b + c, f (0) = a and f ç ÷ = a + +
è2ø 2 4
2
x2 6
sin 2 q cos q
then ò (1 - x2 )3/ 2 dx = ò cos3 q
dq
1æ æ 1 öö
0 0
Now, 6 ç f (1) + f (0) + 4 f ç 2 ÷ ÷
è è øø
p

k 6 sin 2 q 1æ æ b c öö
\ =ò × cos q d q = ç a + b + c + a + 4ç a + + ÷÷
6 0 cos3 q 6è è 2 4 øø

1 b c
p p = (6a + 3b + 2c ) = a + +
6 6 6 2 3
k
6 ò0
Þ = tan 2 q d q = ò (sec 2 q - 1) d q 1
1ì æ 1 öü
0 Hence, ò f ( x) = 6 íî f (0) + f (1) + 4 f çè 2 ÷ø ýþ
0
k æ 1 pö 2 3 - x
Þ = (tan q - q)p0 / 6 = ç - =
6 è 3 6 ÷ø 6 2p
x sin8 x
70. (c) ò sin8 x + cos8 x dx
Þ k =2 3-p 0
67. (1.50)
pé
x sin8 x (2p - x )sin8 x ù
2 1 2
= òê 8 + 8 8 ú
ò0 | x - 1| - x dx = ò0 1 - x - x dx + ò1 | x - 1 - x dx 8
0 ëê sin x + cos x sin x + cos x ûú
dx

1 1 2
= ò (1 - 2 x )dx + ò (2 x - 1)dx + ò dx é 2a a a ù
êQ ò f ( x)dx = ò f ( x)dx + ò f (2a - x )dx ú
0 1/ 2 1

êë 0 0 0 úû

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Integrals M-399

p b
2 p sin8 x
=ò 8 8
dx 2 I = 2 ò f ( x)dx
0 sin x + cos x a

p /2 é ù b -1
sin8 x cos8 x
= 2p ò ê sin8 x + cos8 x sin 8 x + cos8 x úú dx
ê + \ ò f ( x + 1)dx [Q Put x ® x + 1]
0 ë û a -1

p /2 ìï 0 2 ü
p ax -ax ï
= 2p ò 1dx = 2p ´
2
= p2 73. (a) 4a í ò e dx + ò e dx ý = 5
0 îï -1 0 þï
1 ì ax 0 2ü
71. (b) f ( x ) = ïe e -ax ï
3 2
2 x - 9 x + 12 x + 4 Þ 4 a í + ý =5
ïî a -1 -a 0 ïþ
-1 æ (6 x 2 - 18 x + 12) ö
f ¢( x ) = ç ÷
2 è (2 x - 9 x - 12 x + 4) ÷ø
ç 3 2 3/2 ìïæ 1 - e -a ö æ e -2a - 1 ö üï
Þ 4a íçç a ÷-ç
÷ ç a ÷ý
÷ =5
-6( x - 1)( x - 2) îïè ø è ø þï
=
2(2 x - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4)3/2
3
Þ 4(2 - e -a - e -2a ) = 5
1
f (1) = and f (2) =
1 Put e -a = t
3 8 Þ 4t2 + 4t – 3 = 0 Þ (2t + 3) (2t – 1) = 0
It is increasing function 1
Þ e-a = Þ a = loge2
1 1 2
<I<
3 8 5
74. (a) 2cot 2 q - +4=0
1 1 sin q
< I2 <
9 8
2 cos2 q 5
- +4=0
1
b
sin q2 sin q
(a + b) ò
72. (c) I = x[ f ( x ) + f ( x + 1)]dx ...(i)
Þ 2cos2q – 5 sinq + 4 sin2q = 0, sinq ¹ 0
a
Þ 2sin2q – 5 sinq + 2 = 0
x®a+b–x Þ (2 sinq – 1) (sinq – 2) = 0
b 1 p 5p
1 \ sin q = Þ q=
( a + b) ò
I= (a + b - x)[ f (a + b - x) + f (a + b + 1 - x)]dx ,
2 6 6
a
5p /6 5p /6
1 + cos 6q
1
b
\ ò cos 2 3q d q = ò dq
( a + b) ò
I= (a + b - x )[ f ( x + 1) + f ( x)]dx ...(ii) p /6 p /6
2
a
5p /6
[Q put x ® x + 1 in f(a + b + 1 é sin 6q ù 1 é 5p p 1 ù
= q+ = ê - + (0 - 0) ú
1– x) = f(x)] 2 êë 6 úû p /6 2ë 6 6 6 û
Add (i) and (ii)
1 4p p
b = . =
2 I = ò [ f ( x + 1) + f ( x)]dx 2 6 3
a f ( x)

b b 75. (a) Given, ò 4t 3dt = ( x - 2) g ( x)

6
2 I = ò f ( x + 1)dx + ò f ( x )dx
a a Differentiating both sides,
4(f (x))3. f ‘ (x) = g’ (x)(x – 2) + g(x)
b b
= ò f (a + b + 1 - x )dx + ò f ( x )dx 4(6)3.1
Putting x = 2, = g (2) Þ xlim
®2
g ( x) = 18
a a 48

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M-400 Mathematics

p /2 p /2
cot x dx sin 3 xdx
76. (d) ò cot x + cosec x 79. (b) Let I = ò sin x + cos x ...(1)
0 0

p /2 p /2 a a

= ò
cot x dx
=
æ 1 ö
ò çè1 - 1 + cos x ÷ødx
Use the property ò0 f ( x ) dx = ò f (a - x )dx
0
1 + cos x
0 0
p /2
cos3 x dx
p /2
1 p/2
I= ò sin x + cos x ...(2)
[ x ]p0 /2 - ò dx p 1 x 0
ò
2
= 2cos2
x = 2-2 sec dx
2
0
0
Adding equation (1) and (2), we get
2
p /2
p /2 æ 1 ö
p æ xö
= - ç tan ÷
p æp ö
= - [1] = ç - 1÷ = mp + mn
Þ 2I = ò ç 1 - sin(2 x ) ÷dx
è 2 ø
2 è 2 ø0 2 è2 ø 0

\ m = , n = – 2, Hence, mn = – 1 p /2
1é 1 ù
ÞI = x + cos 2 x ú
2p 2 êë 4 û0
77. (b) I = ò [sin 2 x(1 + cos 3x)]dx ...(1)
0 p -1
Þ I=
4
a a
Q ò f ( x) = ò f (a - x )dx 1 1
0 0 80.
-1
( -1 æ
(0) ò x cot 1 - x + x dx = ò x tan ç
2 4
è 1 + x
1
4)- x
ö
2÷
ø
0 0
2p
\I= ò [- sin 2x(1 + cos 3x)]dx ...(2) 1 æ x2 - x2 - 1 ö
( )
0
= ò x tan -1 ç ÷ dx
From (1) + (2), we get; 0
ç 1 + x2 x 2 - 1 ÷
ç
è
÷
ø( )
2p
ò (-1)dx Þ 2I = -( x)02p Þ I = – p
1 0
1 1
1tan -1 t 2 dt - ò 1tan -1 k dk
2ò
2I = =
0 2
0 -1
p p
3 2 4 3 Put x2 = t Þ 2xdx = dt in the first integral
[Link]
78. (c) Let,
I= ò sec 3 [Link] 3 x dx
= ò 2 4
and x2 – 1 = k Þ 2xdx = dk in the second integral.
p p
cos 3 [Link] 3 x 1 1
6 6 1 1
p p = ò 1tan -1 tdt - ò 1tan -1 kdk
2 2
3 3 0 0
1dx sec2 xdx
= ò ò
4
= 4
p p
1æ ö
1 1
cos 2 [Link] 3 x tan 3 x t
6 6 = ç t tan -1 t - ò dt ÷
2ç 1 + t 2 ÷ø
Let tan x = u è 0 0
é -1 ù
3 êu 3 ú
1æ ö
0
ê ú 1
- ç k tan -1 k - ò
k
dk ÷
3 -4 ë û 1
2ç 2 ÷
-1 1 + k
0
è ø
ò
3
I= u 3 du =
1
-1
1 ö 1æ p æ1 0 öö
1æp æ1
( ) ( )
3
= ç - ç ln 1 + t 2 ÷ - çç - - ç ln 1 + k 2 ÷÷
é 1 ù -1 1 ç
2è 4 è 2 0 ø 2è 4 è 2 -1 ø ÷ø
ê - 1 ú
= -3 ê3 6 - -1 ú = -3(3 6 - 3 6 )
ê ú æp 1 ö æ -p 1 ö p 1
ë 36 û = ç - ln 2 ÷ - ç - 10 - ln 2 ÷ = - ln 2
1 1 7 5
è 8 4 ø è 8 4 ø 4 2
= 3(3 6 - 3 6 ) = (36 - 36 )

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Integrals M-401

81. (d) Using L’ Hospital rule and Leibnit theorem, we get f (0) = 0, g (x) is even Þ f (x) is odd
f ( x) x +5

ò 2tdt \I= ò - f (5 - l )d l
2 f ( x ) f '( x ) - 0 5
lim 6 = lim
x ®2 ( x - 2) x®2 1
x +5 5

Putting x = 2, 2f (2) f ‘ (2) = 12f ‘ (2) éëQ f ( 2 ) = 6 ùû ÞI= ò g (l)d l = ò g (t )dt (from (iv))
5 x+ 5

æ 2 - x cos x ö 84. (c) f(x) = f(a – x)

82. (d) g ( f (x)) = log ç ÷,x>0
è 2 + x cos x ø g(x) + g(a – x) = 4
p/4 Let, the integral,
æ 2 - x cos x ö
Let I = ò log ç 2 + x cos x ÷ dx ...(i)
è ø a
-p/4 I= ò0 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx

b b a

Use the property ò f ( x )dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx = ò0 f (a - x ) × g (a - x ) dx

a a
éQ b f ( x ) dx = b f (a + b - x) dx ù
Then, equation (i) becomes, ëê òa òa ûú
a
p/4
æ 2 + x cos x ö Þ I= ò0 f ( x)[4 - g ( x)] dx
I = ò log ç 2 - x cos x ÷ dx ...(ii)
-p/4
è ø a a
Þ I= ò0 4 f ( x) dx - ò0 f ( x ) × g ( x) dx
Adding (i) and (ii)
a
p/4
æ 2 - x cos x 2 + x cos x ö
Þ I= ò0 4 f ( x) dx - I
2I = ò log ç 2 + x cos x . 2 - x cos x ÷ dx
è ø a
-p /4 Þ 2I = ò0 4 f ( x) dx
p /2 a
2I = ò log(1)dx = 0 Þ I = 2ò f ( x) dx
0
-p /2
eì
2x xü
Þ I = 0 = log 1 xö ïæ æ eö ï
85. (d) I = ò1 íçè e ÷ø -ç ÷
è xø
ý loge x dx
x îï þï
83. (a) f (x) = ò g ( g )dt , ...(i) x
0 æ xö
Let ç ÷ = t
è eø
Q g is a non- ero even function.
\ g (– x) = g (x), ...(ii) æ xö
Given, f (x + 5) = g (x) ...(iii) Þ x ln çè ÷ø = ln t
e
From (i) f ‘ (x) = g (x)
Þ x (ln x – 1) = ln t
x On differentiating both sides w.r. tx we get
Let, I = ò f (t )dt , dt
0 [Link] =
t
x +5
1
Put t = l – 5 Þ I = ò f (l - 5) d l When x = e then t = 1 and when x = 1 then t = .
e
5

Q f (x + 5) = g (x) 1 æ 2 1ö dt 1æ 1ö
I = ò1 çè t - t ÷ø × t = ò1 çè t - t 2 ø÷ dt
Þ f (– x + 5) = g (– x) = g (x) ...(iv) e e

x +5 1
æ t 2 1ö
I= ò f (l - 5) d l + æ1 ö æ 1 ö 3 1
5 = çè 2 t ø÷ 1 = çè + 1÷ø - çè 2 + eø÷ = - e - 2
2 2e 2 2e
e

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M-402 Mathematics

sin 2 x For a = 0, b = 2
86. (a) Let f (x) =
éxù 1
êë p úû + 2 I=
-8 2
15
sin 2 (- x )
So, f(–x) = Q [–x] = –1 – [x] For a = - 2 , b = 0
é -x ù 1
êë p úû + 2
-8 2
I= .
15
sin 2 x sin 2 x
Þ f(–x) = = = - f ( x) For a =
éxù 1 1 éxù 2,b=– 2
-1 - ê ú + - -ê ú
ëpû 2 2 ëp û
16 2
I= .
Þ f(x) is odd function 15
2 For a = – 2 , b = 2
Hence, ò f ( x ) dx = 0
-2 -16 2
I= .
p 15
dx
87. (b) I = òp4 sin 2 x
6 (tan 5
x + cot 5 x ) \ I is minimum when (a, b) = - 2, 2 ( )
x 1
p
ò f (t )dt = x + ò t
2 2
tan 5 x .sec2 x 89. (a) f (t )dt
ò 4
p sin x æ
(
tan 5 x + 1ö )
2 0 x
= 6 2
cos x è ø Þ f(x) = 2x – x2 f(x)

p 2x
1 4 tan 4 x .sec2 x Þ f(x) =
= 2 òp
dx. 1 + x2
( )
2
tan 5 x +1
6
2(1 - x2 )
Þ f ¢(x) =
Let tan4 x = t. (1 + x 2 )2
5 tan 4 x . sec2 x dx = dt. Then,
p
When x ® then t ® 1 æ 1ö
4 2 ç1 - ÷
è 4ø 3 16 24
5 = ´ =
p æ 1 ö f ¢(1/2) = æ 1 ö 2 2 25 25
and x ® then t ® ç ÷
è 3ø çè1 + ÷ø
6 4

1 1 dt p
\ I = 10 òæç 1 ö÷ t 2 +1
5
2
dx
è 3ø
90 (c) I = ò [ x] + [sin x] + 4
-p
1 æp –1 æ 1 ö ö
2
= ç – tan çè ÷
10 è 4 9 3 ø ÷ø p
-1 0 1 2
dx dx dx dx
= -òp -2 - 1 + 4 ò -1 - 1 + 4 + ò 0 + 0 + 4 + ò 1 + 0 + 4
b
+
(d) I = ò ( x - 2 x ) dx
4 2
88. -1 0 1
a
2

dI
Þ = x4 – 2x2 = 0 (for minimum) æ pö 1 1 1æ p ö
dx = çè -1 + ÷ø + (0 + 1) + (1 - 0) + çè - 1ø÷
2 2 4 5 2
Þ x = 0, ± 2
3p 9 3
b = - = (4p - 3)
é x5 2 x 3 ù 5 20 20
Also, I = ê 5 - 3 ú
ë ûa

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Integrals M-403

p
2æ 1 ö
(b) I = ò | cos x | dx 1-
3
k çè ÷
=
91.
0
2ø

p/2 2 -1
=2 ò cos3 x dx =
k
0

p/2
1
2 = 1– (Given)
=
4 ò (3cos x + cos3 x) dx 2
0 \ k=2
[Q cos 3q = 4cos3 q – 3cos q] p /2
sin 2 x
1é sin3 x ù
p/2 94. (c) Let, I = ò x
dx ...(i)
= ê3sin x + -p /2 1 + 2
2ë 3 úû0
b b
1æ 1ö 4 Using, ò f (x)dx = ò f (a + b - x)dx, we get :
= çè 3 - ÷ø =
2 3 3 a a

92. (a) Q f : R ® R p /2
sin 2 x
and |f(x) – f(y)| £ 2 × |x – y|3/2 I= ò -x
dx ...(ii)
-p /2 1 + 2
f ( x) - f ( y )
Þ £ 2 x- y Adding (i) and (ii), we get;
x- y
p /2 x /2
f ( x) - f ( y)
£ lim 2 x - y
2I = ò sin 2 x dx Þ 2I = 2 × ò sin 2 x dx
Þ xlim
®y x- y x® y -p /2 0

Þ |f ¢(x)| = 0 p p
Þ 2I = 2 ´ ÞI=
\ f(x) is a constant function. 4 4
Given f(0) = 1 Þ f(x) = 1 x

Hence, the integral

95. (a) f (x) = ò0 t (sin x - sin t ) × dt
x x
1 1 = sin x ò t × dt - ò t sin t × dt
òf ( x ) dx = ò 1 dx = [ x ] = 1
2 1 0 0
0
0 0 x2
sin x + [t cos t ] 0 + sin x
x
=
p /3 2
tan q
93. (d) Let, I = ò 2 k sec q
dq
x2
0 Þ f (x) = sin x + x cos x + sin x
2
p /3
1 sin q
=
2k
ò cos q
dq
f ¢(x) =
x2
cos x + 2 cos x
0 2
Let cos q = t2
x2
\ sinq dq = –2t dt f ²(x) = x cos x – sin x – 2 sin x
2
Hence, integral becomes,
x2
1 f ¢²(x) = cos x – 2x sin x – cos x – 2 cos x
2
1 2
-2t dt
I=
2k
ò t
\ f ¢²(x) + f ¢(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
1 3p
x
2
1
96. (a) Let I = ò p
4
1 + sin x
dx

= k
ò dt 4

1 x
2 also let K =
1 + sin x
Multiplying numerator and denominator by (1 – sin x), we
get;

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M-404 Mathematics

x (1 - sin x) x (1 - sin x) p
æ æ 2 + sin (– x) ö ö
K= =
1 - (sin x )2 (cos x)2 Þ I = ò 2p sin 4 (- x )) ç1 + log ç ÷ ÷ × dx
–
2 è è 2 – sin (– x) ø ø
= x (1 – sin x) sec2 x
= x sec2 x – x sin x sec2 x = x sec2 x – x tan x sec x
= éQ ò f ( x ). dx = ò f (a + b – x ). dx ù
b b
3p 3p
ëê a a ûú
Now, I = ò p
4 x sec2 xdx - ò p
4 x sec x tan xdx
p
4 4 æ æ 2 – sin x ö ö
3p 3p
= ò –
2
p (sin 4 x) ç 1 + log ç
è
÷ ÷ . dx
è 2 + sin x ø ø
é dx é dx ù4 ù4 2
= ê x tan x - ò tan xdx ú - ê x sec x - ò sec xdx ú
ë dx ûp ë dx ûp p
æ æ 2 + sin x öö
ò
4 4
= 2 sin 4 x çç1 – log ç ÷ ÷ . dx .....(2)
3p –
p
è è 2 – sin x ø ÷ø
= [ x tan x - ln | sec x | ] p
4 2
4
After adding equation (1) and (2) we get,
3p
- [ x sec x - ln | sec x + tan x | ] p
4 +c p
4 2I = 2 ò –
2
p sin 4 x . dx
ì é 3p 3p 3p 2
Þ I = í ê tan - ln
îë 4 4 4 p
2I = 4 ò 2 sin 4 x . dx
3p ù ü
0
é 3p 3p 3p
- ê sec - ln sec + tan ý
ë4 4 4 4 úû þ 3 1
p 2´ ´ ´p
3p
ò 2 2 =
4
ìé p p p I =2 2 sin x . dx =
- í ê tan - ln
0 2 ´2 8
îë 4 4 4
[By Gamma function]
ép p p p ùü
- ê sec - ln sec + tan ú ý 3p
ë4 4 4 4 ûþ 4
dx
p
99. (c) I = ò 1 + cos x ...(i)
= ( 2 + 1) p
2 4
97. (d) Given:
3p
1 -x
I1 = ò0
e cos2 x dx;
I=
4
ò 1 - cos x
dx
...(ii)
1 - x2 p
ò
2
I2 = e cos x dx and 4
0
b b
1 - x3
I3 = ò0 e dx Using ò f (x)dx = ò f (a + b - x) dx
For x Î (0, 1) a a
Þ x > x2 or – x < – x2 Adding (i) and (ii)
and x2 > x3 or – x2 < – x3
3p 3p
- x2 - x3 -x - x2
\e <e and e < e 4
2 4
2I = ò sin x 2
dx ; I = ò cosec
2
x dx
-x -x 2 3
-x p p
Þ e <e <e
4 4
3 2
Þ e - x > e - x > e- x é 3p pù
Þ I3 > I2 > I1 I = – (cot x)3pp/ 4/ 4 = – ê cot - cot ú = 2
ë 4 4û
98. (c) Let
ò tan
n
p
æ æ 2 + sin x ö ö 100. (c) In = x dx, n > 1
ò sin x çç1 + log ç
4
÷ ÷÷ dx ..... (1)
I= 2
p
–
2 è è 2 – sin x ø ø Let I = I4 + I6
= ò (tan 4 x + tan 6 x)dx = ò tan 4 x sec2 x dx

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Integrals M-405

Let tan x = t 1 1
Þ sec2 x dx = dt Let 1 + 2 + 5 = t
x x
t5
\ I = ò t 4 dt = +C æ –2 5 ö æ 2 5 ö
Þ ç dx = dt Þ ç 3 + 6 ÷ dx = - dt
è x 3 x 6 ÷ø
5 –
èx x ø
1 5
= tan x + C Þ On comparing, we have This gives,
5
2 5
1 + dx
a= ,b=0 x3 x6 – dt 1
5 ò 3
= ò 3 = +C
t2
æ 1 1ö t 2
2 dx çè 1 + + ÷
101. (a) Let I = ò x 2 x5 ø
1 ((x - 1a) 2 + 3)3 / 2
1 x10
= 2
+ C = +C
Let; x - 1 = 3 tan q æ 1 1ö 2( x5 + x3 + 1) 2
2ç1+ 2 + 5 ÷
2
Þ dx = 3 sec . dq è x x ø
x x x

Þ I=ò
p6 3 sec 2 q dq 104. (d) x ò y (t) dt = x ò ty (t) dt + ò ty (t) dt

( ) + ( 3 ) ÷ø
2 ö 3/2
0
æ 2 1 1 1
çè 3 tan q Differentiate w.r. to x.
x
1 p 6 sec2 q
= ò0
1 p6
dq = ò cos q dq ò y(t )dt + x[ y( x) - y(1)]
3 sec q
3 3 0 1
1 p6 1 1 1
= [sin q]0 = ´ =
x
3 3 2 6 = ò ty (t )dt + x[ xy ( x) - y (1)] + xy( x) - y(1)
1
1 k
= = Þ k + 5 = 6k
6 k +5 x x
ò y(t )dt = ò ty(t )dt + x
2
y ( x ) -y (1)
Þ k =1 1 1

p p Diff. again w.r. to x

4
cos 2 x 4 y (x) – y (a) = xy (x) – y (a) + 2x y (x) + x2y1 (x)
ò ò cos 2 x ´ sin 2 x . sin ( 2 x) dx
2
102. (a) =
3 (1 – 3x) y (x) = x2y1 (x)
p æ 1 ö p
çè ÷
12 sin 2 x ø 12 y1 ( x) 1 - 3x
=
1
p 4 y( x) x2
=
4 ò sin 4 x . (1 - cos 4 x ) dx 1dy 1 - 3x 1
p 12 = Þ ln y = – – 3 ln x
y dx x2 x
ép p ù
1ê4 ú 1
1 4 ln (y x3) = –
= ê ò sin 4 x - ò sin 8 x ú x
4êp 2p ú
êë12 úû
3 –1/x
yx = – e
12
p 4 1
1 é cos4 x cos8x ù 1 é15 ù 15 - - 1x
= ê- + = ê ú=
16 úûp e x ce
4ë 4 12 4 ë 32 û 128 y= or y =
12 9
x3 x3
2x + 5x
103. (d) ò ( x5 + x3 + 1)3 dx 10 é x2 ù
ë û
15
Dividing by x in numerator and denominator 105. (d) I = ò é x 2 - 28 x + 196 ù + é x2 ù dx .....(a)
4 ë û ë û
2 5
+ dx
x3 x6
ò
b b
æ 1 1ö
3
Use òf (a + b – x) dx = ò f (x) dx
çè1 + 2 + 5 ÷ø a a
x x

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M-406 Mathematics

Þ f (x) = f (x + 4)
é( x - 14) 2 ù
10
I= ò ë û dx
Hence period is 4
é 2ù é 2ù .....(b)
x
4 ë û ë + ( x - 14) 50 14
û Consider ò f ( x)dx = 10 ò f ( x )dx = 10 [5 + 5] = 100
(a) + (b) 10 10
109. (d) Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a continuous function
10 é ( x - 14) 2 ù + é x 2 ù
ë û ë û dx
2I = ò é 2 ù é
sin x
2ù 3
4 ë x û + ë ( x - 14) û Let ò f (t)dt =
2
x
0
10
2I = ò dx Þ 2I = 6 Þ I=3 f(sin x).
d
(sin x) =
3
4 dx 2
1 p
106. (b) 2ò tan -1 x dx = ò æç - tan -1 (1 - x + x 2 ) ö÷ dx
1
3
0 0è 2 ø Þ f (sin x). cosx =
2
1p p
2 ò tan -1 x dx = ò dx - ò tan -1 (1 - x + x 2 ) dx
1 1
0 0 2 0 put x =
3
-1 p æ pö p
- 2 ò tan -1 xdx
1 1
ò0 tan (1 - x + x 2 ) dx =
2 0
.....(a) f çè sin ÷ø .cos =
3 3
3
2
1 -1
Let, I1 = ò0 tan xdx æ 3ö 1
f ç ÷. = 3
è 2 ø 2 2
1 1 1
-1
= éë (tan x ) x ùû - ò0 x dx
0 1 + x2 æ 3ö
fç ÷ = 3
è 2 ø
p 1 x p 1
= - ò0 2
dx = - log 2
4 1+ x 4 2 1/x
110. (c) f æç ö÷ =
1 ln t
By equation (a) èxø
ò 1+t dt
1
p ép 1 ù
- 2 ê - log 2ú = log 2 1
2 ë4 2 û Let t =

4 1
log x 2 dt = - 2 d
107. (a) I = ò dx
2
2 log x + log(36 - 12x + x 2 )
x
ln
f(x) = ò d
4
log x 2
( + 1)
I=ò dx . ...(i)
1
2
2 log x + log(6 - x) 2 x
x é ( ln ) 2 ù ( ln x ) 2
æ 1ö ln x
4 f ( x) + f ç ÷ = ò d =ê ú =
log(6 - x) 2 è xø êë 2 úû 2
I=ò dx ...(ii) 1 1
2
2 log(6 - x) + log x 2
p p
x x x
Adding (i) and (ii)
111. (b) Let I = ò 1 + 4 sin 2
2
- 4sin dx =
2 ò 2 sin 2 - 1 dx
4 0 0
2I = ò dx = [ x ]2 = 2
4
p /3 p
æ xö æ x ö
I=1
2
= ò
ç 1 - 2 sin ÷ dx + ò ç 2 sin - 1÷ dx
è 2ø è 2 ø
0 p/3
108. (c) Let f : R ® R be a function such that f (2 – x) = f (e +
é x 1 x p
êQ sin 2 = 2 Þ 2 = 6
x)
Put x = 2 + x we get ë
f (–x) = f (4 + x) = f (4 – x) p x 5p 5p ù
Þx= , = Þx= > pú
3 2 6 3 û

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Integrals M-407

p /3 p p
é xù é x ù
= ê x + 4cos ú
ë 2 û0
+ ê -4 cos - x ú
ë 2 ûp / 3
114. (d) Let I = ò [cos x]dx ...(1)
0
p 3 æ 3 pö p p
= +4 - 4 +ç0 - p + 4 + ÷
3 2 ç
è 2 3 ÷ø I= ò [cos( p - x )]dx = ò [ - cos x ]dx ...(2)
0 0
p
= 4 3-4- On adding (1) and (2), we get
3
p p

112. (d) F(x) =

x
ò1
et
dt , x > 0
2I = ò [cos x]dx + ò [ - cos x]dx
t 0 0

p
et
ò
x
Let I =
t+a ò1
dt 2I = [cos x ] + [ - cos x]dx
0
Put t + a = z Þ t = z – a; dt = dz p
for t = 1, z = 1 + a 2I = ò0 - 1dx (Q [ x ] + [ - x] = -1 if x Ï Z )
for t = x, z = x + a p
2I = - x 0 = -p
z -a
x+a e
\I= ò1+ a z
dz
ÞI=
-p
2
e
-a x+a ez x + a et
= e ò dz º e - a ò ò (log x )
n
dt 115. (c) Pn = dx
1+ a z 1+ a t 1

é 1 et x + a et ù
put log x = t then x = et and dx = et dt
-a
I= e êò1+ a dt + ò dt ú Also, when x = 1, then t = log 1 = 0
ëê t úû
t 1
and when x = e, then t = loge e = 1
1
é 1+ a et ù
x + a et
òt
n t
-a \ Pn = . e dt
= e ê - ò1 dt + ò dt ú
ëê úû
t 1 t 0
1 1
ò t e dt and P8 = òt
10 t 8 t
-a
= e [ - F (1 + a) + F ( x + a)] \ P10 = e dt
0 0
(By the definition of F(x)) 1 1
-a
ò tI e dt - 90ò t 8et dt
10 t
= e [ F ( x + a) - F (1 + a)] Now, P10 – 90P8 = II
0 0
t
113. (a) Let ò-p ( f ( x ) + x)dx = p – t
2 2
1 9 t 1 8 t1
P10 – 90 P8 = éët e ùû - 10ò t e dt - 90ò t e dt
10 t
0 0 0
t t
Þ ò-p f ( x )dx + ò
-p
xdx = p2 – t2 P10 – 90 P8
é 1 1
d 9 t ù
1
æ t 2 p2 ö
= e - 10 êt ò0 e dt - ò dt (t )ò e dt ú - 90ò t e dt
t 9 t 8 t
Þ ò-p f ( x )dx + ç - ÷ = p2 – t2
è2 2ø êë 0 úû 0

é 1 8 t ù 1 8 t
t 3 2 2 P10 – 90 P8 = e - 10 ê e - 9ò0 t e dt ú - 90ò0 t e dt
Þ ò-p (p - t )
f ( x )dx =
2
ë û
differentiating with respect to t 1
P10 – 90 P8 = e - 10e + 90ò t e dt - 90ò t e dt
8 t 8 t
0
d é t
f ( x) dx ùú =
3 d 2 2
dt êë ò-p
(p - t ) \ P10 - 90 P8 = -9e
û 2 dt
1/ 2
dt d ln(1 + 2 x) 1/ 2
ln(1 + 2 x)
f (t ). - f ( -p) (-p ) = – 3t 116. (c) Let I = ò 1 + 4x 2
dx or
ò dx
dt dt 0 0 1 + (2 x ) 2
f (t) = – 3t Put 2x = tanq
æ pö æ pö 2dx sec 2 qd q
f ç - ÷ = -3 ç - ÷ = p \ = sec 2 q or dx =
è 3ø è 3ø dq 2

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M-408 Mathematics

also when x = 0 Þ q = 0 x

1
and when x = Þ q = 45°or
p 117. (a) Since, y = ò t dt , x ÎR
0
2 4
p dy
therefore = x
4 dx
ln(1 + tan q) sec 2 qd q
\I= ò 2
1 + tan q
´
2 But from y = 2x, \
dy
=2
0 dx
p Þ |x|=2 Þ x=±2
4 ±2
1 ln(1 + tan q)
2 ò 1 + tan 2 q ò
I= ´ sec 2 qd q Points y = t dt = ± 2
0 0
(Q 1 + tan2 q = sec2 q) \ Equation of tangent is
p y – 2 = 2(x – 2) or y + 2 = 2(x + 2)
Þ x-intercept = ± 1.
14
I = ò ln(1 + tan q)d q ...(i)
2 p /3
dx
ò
0
118. (d) Let, I =
p p /6
1 + tan x
14 é æp öù p /3 p /3
I = ò ln ê1 + tan ç - q÷ ú d q dx tan x dx
è øû
2
0 ë 4 = ò æp ö
= ò 1 + tan x
…(i)
p /6 1 + tan ç - x÷ p /6
(Using the property of definite integral) è2 ø
p
é p ù Also, given
4 ê tan - tan q ú
1
I = ò ln ê1 + 4
ú dq p /3
p tan x dx
2
0 ê 1 + tan ´ tan q ú
ë 4 û
I= ò 1 + tan x
…(ii)
p /6
p
By adding (i) and (ii), we get
14 é 1 - tan q ù p /3
I = ò ln ê1 + dq
2
0
ë 1 + tan q úû 2I= ò dx
p /6
p
14 é1 + tan q + 1 - tan q ù 1 ép pù p
I = ò ln ê Þ I= - = ,
1 + tan q
ú dq 2 êë 3 6 úû 12
2
0 ë û
Statement-1 is false
p
4 b b
é 2 ù
I=
1
2ò
ln ê ú dq Q ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a + b - x ) dx
0
ë1 + tan q û a a
p It is fundamental property.
4 Statement -2 is true.
1
2ò
I= [ln 2 - ln(1 + tan q)]d q 119. (a) Consider
0 sin 2 x cos2 x
p p
ò sin -1 ( t ) dt + ò cos -1 ( t ) dt
4 4
1 1
2ò
ln 2.d q - ò ln(1 + tan q)d q
0 0
I=
2 Let I = f (x) after integrating and putting the limits.
0 0
1 p 4 f ¢(x) = sin -1 sin 2 x (2 sin x cos x) - 0
I = ln 2q -I (from eq. (i))
2
+ cos-1 cos2 x (-2 cos x sin x) - 0
0
1 æp ö \ f ¢(x) = 0 Þ f (x) = C (constant)
I + I = ln 2 çè - 0÷ø
2 4
p
1 p Now, we find f (x) at x =
2I = ´ ´ ln 2 4
2 4 1/2 1/2
p p -1 -1
2I = ln 2 or I = ln 2
\ I= ò sin t dt + ò cos t dt
8 16 0 0

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Integrals M-409

1/2 1/2 y
-1
t + cos -1 t ) dt = p p
= ò (sin ò 2
dt = = C
4
122. (a) x = ò
dt
0 0 1+ t2 0
p 1 dy
\ f ( x) = Þ 1= .
4 2 dx
1+ y
p é y( x)
\ Required integration = êQ If I( x) = ò f (t ) dt , then
dI(x)
= f {y( x)} .
4
ê dx
p /2 ë f ( x )
sin 2 x
120. (d) I = ò
{ } { }
dx ...(i)
x ù
– p/2 1 + 2
d d
y ( x ) - f {f( x )} . f( x ) ú
dx dx û
p/2 2
p p
dx , by replacing x by æç - - x ö÷
sin x
Þ I= ò -x è2 2 ø
dy
= 1 - y2
-p/2 1 + 2 dx
p /2
2 x .sin 2 x d2y
Þ I= ò x
dx ...(ii) Þ =
1
. 2y .
dy
=
y
. 1+ y2 = y
-p /2 1 + 2 dx 2
2 1+ y 2 dx 1+ y2
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
x +p
p /2 p /2
1 123. (b, c) g ( x + p ) = ò cos 4t dt
ò ò
2
2I = sin x dx = (1 - cos 2 x ) dx
2 0
-p /2 -p /2
x p+ x p
p/2
1 é sin 2 x ù = ò cos 4t dt + ò cos 4t dt = g ( x ) + ò cos 4t dt
Þ I= êë x + 2 úû
4 -p / 2 0 x 0
(it is clear from graph of cos 4t)
1 éæ p sin p ö æ p sin (-p) ö ù
= ç + ÷- ç- + ÷ú p+ x p
4 êëè 2 2 ø è 2 øû
2
ò cos 4t dt = ò cos 4t dt = g (x) + g (p) = g (x) – g (p)
1 ép pù p x 0
Þ I= ê + ú= (QFrom graph of cos 4t, g (p) = 0)
4 ë2 2û 4
7 p /3 0.9
ì 2 æ 2 - xö ü
121. (d) Let I = ò
7 p /4
tan 2 x dx 124. (d)
òí[ x ] + log ç
î è ÷ ý dx
2 + xø þ
-0.9

7 p /3 0.9 0.9
7 p /3 æ 2 - xö
= ò tan x dx = - log cos x 7 p /4 = ò [ x 2 ] dx + ò log ç
è 2 + x ÷ø
dx
7 p /4
-0.9 -0.9
é 7p 7p ù
= - ê log cos - log cos 0.9
ë 4 úû æ 2-x ö
ò
3 log ç
=0+ ÷ dx
7p 7p è 2+ x ø
= log cos - log cos -0.9
4 3
2-x
é 7p ù é æ p öù Put x = – x Þ f (x) = log
ê cos 4 ú ê cos çè 2p - 4 ÷ø ú 2+ x
= log ê ú = log ê ú
ê cos 7p ú ê cos æ 2p + p ö ú
ç ÷ and f (–x) = log
2+ x
= – log
(2 - x)
= – f (x)
ë 3 û êë è 3 ø úû 2-x 2+ x
So, it is an odd function, hence
æ pö æ 1 ö Required integral = 0.
ç cos ç ÷
= log ç 4 ÷ = log ç 2 ÷
÷ a
p÷ ç ÷
ò [ x] = 0 where 0 £ a £ 1
çç cos 1
÷ ç ÷ 125. (d) Since
è 3ø è 2 ø
0
0.9
æ 2 ö
= log ç
è 2ø
÷ = log 2. \
ò [ x - 2[ x]]dx = 0
0

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M-410 Mathematics

a a
d e tan x æ pö
126. (a) Let G ( x) = , x Î ç 0, ÷ Applying ò f ( x) dx = ò f (a - x ) dx
dx x è 2ø 0 0
p /4
1 é æp öù
ò
1
2 2 2p x 2 =8 log ê1 + tan ç - q÷ ú d q
e tan px .dx
2 2
Now, I = ò e tan px × dx = ò 2 ë è4 øû
1 x 1 px 0
4 4 p /4 p /4
é 1 - tan q ù é 2 ù
Let px2 = t Þ 2px dx = dt =8 ò log êë1 + 1 + tan q úû d q = 8 ò log êë1 + tan q úû d q
0 0
1 p 1 p p /4
When x = , t = and x = , t =
2 4 4 16 =8 ò [log 2 - log(1 + tan q)]d q
0
p p
4 e tan t æ pö æ pö p14 p14
\I= ò dt = G (t ) 4p = G çè 4 ÷ø - G çè 16 ÷ø
p t = 8log 2 ò 1d q - 8 ò log(1 + tan q) d q
16 16 0 0
p /4
x x2 I = 8 × (log 2)[ x]0p /4 - 8 ò log(1 + tan q) d q
127. (d) Let ò t f ( t ) dt = sin x - x cos x -
e 2 0

By using Leibnit rule, we get p

I = 8 × × log 2 - I [From equation (i)]
4
d éx ù d é x2 ù
ê ò t f ( t ) dt ú = êsin x - x cos x - ú Þ 2I = 2p log 2
dx ë e û dx ëê 2 úû \ I = p log 2
Þ x f(x) – e f(e). 0 = x sin x – x 130. (a) p '( x ) = p '(1 - x )
p Þ p( x) = - p(1 - x ) + c
Now, put x = , we get
6 at x = 0
p(0) = – p(1) + c Þ 42 = c
p æ pö p p p
. f ç ÷ = .sin - Now, p( x ) = - p(1 - x) + 42
6 è 6ø 6 6 6
Þ p ( x ) + p (1 - x) = 42
æ pö p 1 1
Þ f ç ÷ = sin - 1 = - 1 = – 1
è 6ø 6 2 2 Let I = ò p ( x)dx ...(i)
0
1.5 1 2 1.5 1
ò x éë x ùû dx = ò x[ x ]dx + ò x éë x ùû dx + ò x éë x ùû dx
2 2 2 2
128. (c) Þ I = ò p(1 - x)dx ...(ii)
0 0 1 2
0
1 2 1.5 2 Adding eqn. (i) and (ii),
é x2 ù
= ò x.0 dx + ò ò 2 xdx = 0 + ê 2 ú + éë x2 ùû 2
1.5
xdx + 1
0 1 2 ë û1 2 I = ò (42) dx Þ I = 21
1 1 0
= ( 2 - 1) + ( 2.25 - 2) = + 0.25 p
ò0 [cot x] dx
2 2 1
131. (c) Let I = ....(i)
1 1 3
= + =
p p
ò0 [ cot (p - x) ] dx = ò0 [- cot x] dx
2 4 4
= ....(ii)
1
129. (d) I = 8 log(1 + x ) dx
ò 1+ x2 Adding eqn s (i) & (ii),
0 We get
Put x = tan q, p
\ dx = sec 2 qd q 2I = ò0 ([ cot x] + [ - cot x]) dx
p /4
\ I = 8 log(1 + tan q ) .sec 2 q dq p
ò 1 + tan 2 q = ò ( -1)dx
0
0
p /4 [ Q[ x] + [- x] = -1, if x Ïz and [x] + [–x] = 0, if x Î z]
I =8 ò log(1 + tan q )dq ...(i)
p
0 = [ - x ]p0 = -p Þ I=–
2

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Integrals M-411

sin x
132. (b) We know that < 1 , for x Î (0, 1) e (log1 - log z ).z æ dz ö
x =ò çè - 2 ÷ø
sin x
1 z +1 z
Þ < x on x Î (0, 1)
x e log z æ dz ö
=ò - ç- ÷ [Q log1 = 0]
( z + 1) è z ø
1
1
sin x
1 é 2 x3 / 2 ù 1
Þ ò x
dx < ò xdx = ê
êë 3 úû 0
ú
e log z
=ò
0 0
dz
1 1 z ( z + 1)
sin x 2 2
Þ ò x
dx <
3
ÞI<
3 e log t
0 \ I= ò dt
1 t (t + 1)
cos x 1
Also < for xÎ(0, 1)
x x b b
1 1
[By property òa f (t )dt = òa f ( x)dx ]
cos x 1
Þ ò x
dx < ò x –1/ 2 dx = éë 2 x ùû = 2
0
Now from eqn. (1)
0 0
e log t e log t
1
cos x F(e) = ò1 1 + t dt + ò1 t (1 + t ) dt
Þ ò x
dx < 2 Þ J < 2
0
e [Link] t + log t e (log t )(t + 1)
p
dt =ò dt = ò dt
x
t (1 + t ) t (1 + t )
ò = 1 1
133. (d) 2
t t -1 2
2
e log t

p é dx ù
Þ F(e) = ò1 t
dt
= sec -1 x ú
x
\ ésec t ù -1
= êQ ò
ë û 2 2 êë x x2 -1 úû 1
Let log t = x dt = dx \
p t
Þ sec–1 x – sec–1 2 = [when t = 1, x = 0 and when t = e, x = log e = 1]
2
p p p p
Þ sec–1x – = Þ sec–1x = + é x2 ù
1
1
2 \ F(e) = x dx F(e) = ê ú
ò0
4 2 4
3p 3p æ pö êë 2 úû 0
Þ sec–1x = Þ x = sec = sec ç p - ÷
4 4 è 4ø
1
p Þ F(e) =
Þ x = - sec Þx=– 2 2
4
135. (b) Let a = k + h where k is an integer such that and 0 £ h < 1
æ 1ö Þ [a] = k
134. (c) Given that F (x) = f (x) + f ç ÷ ,where
è xø
a 2 3
x log t \ ò [ x] f '( x)dx = ò1 f '( x)dx + ò 2 f '( x)dx +
f (x) = ò1 1+ t
dt
1 1 2

\ F(e) = f (e) + f æç 1 ö÷ k k +h
è eø ...
ò ( k - 1) f '( x)dx + ò kf '( x )dx
k -1 k
t e log
1/ e log t
Þ F(e) =
1+ t ò1
dt + ò
1 1+ t
dt ...(1) = {f (2) – f (1)} + 2{f (3) – f (2)} + 3{f (4) – f (3)}
1/ e log t + ........ + (k – 1) {f (k) – f (k – 1)} + k{f (k + h) – f (k)}
Let I = ò dt = – f (1) – f (2) – f (3) ......... – f (k) + kf (k + h)
1 1+ t
1 1 dz = [a ] f (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + ¼ f ([a])}
\ Put = z Þ - dt = dz Þ dt = –
2
t t z2 p
-
when t = 1 Þ z = 1 and when t = 1/e 2
Þ z=e 136. (c) I =
ò [( x + p)3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p)]dx
3p
æ 1ö -
log ç ÷ 2
e è zø æ dz ö
\ I= ò çè - 2 ÷ø Put x + p = t
1 1 z
1+
z

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M-412 Mathematics

p p p p
2 2 2 é æp ö
2 ù
I= ò [t
3
+ cos2 t ]dt = 2 ò cos 2 tdt = 2 ´ 2 ò cos2 x dx = 4 ò sin 2 x dx êQ f çè - x ÷ø = f ( x) ú
p
ë 2 û
- 0 0 0
2 p p
[Q t3 is odd and cos2 t is even function]
ò (1 - cos )
2 2
p
Þ I = 2 ò sin x dx = 2
2 2
x dx
2
p
= ò (1 + cos 2t )dt = + 0 0 0
2 p p
0
2 2
p p Þ I = 2 ò dx - 2 ò cos x dx
2
137. (d) I = ò xf (sin x )dx = ò (p - x) f (sin x )dx 0 0
0 0
æ pö p
p p Þ I + I = 2ç ÷ = p Þ I =
è 2ø 2
= p ò f (sin x )dx - I Þ 2 I = p ò f (sin x )dx
0 0 1 1
2 3
p p /2 140. (b) I1 = ò 2 x dx, I 2 = ò 2 x dx,
p
I = ò f (sin x )dx = p ò f (sin x )dx 0 0
20 0 1 1
[Q sin(p - x) = sin x] 2
I 3 = ò 2 x dx, I 4 = ò 2 x dx
3

p /2
0 0
= p ò f (cos x ) dx
x3 x2
0
Q2 < 2 , 0 < x <1
6 1 1
x
138. (b) I = ò … (1) 2 3
Þ ò 2 dx > ò 2 dx Þ I1 > I 2
dx x x
3
9- x + x
0 0
6 x3
9- x and 2 > 2 , x > 1 x
I =ò dx … (2)
3
9-x+ x Þ I4 > I3
b b f ( x)
[Q ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx ] 4t 3
f ( x) ò 4t dt
3

a a 141. (d) lim ò dt = lim 0

Adding equation (1) and (2) x®2 x-2 x® 0 x-2
0
6 Applying L Hospital rule
2I = ò dx = [ x]63 = 3 Þ I = 3
2 [4 f ( x)3 f '( x)]
3 lim = 4( f (2))3 f '(2)
x ®2 1
p
cos 2 x
139. (b) Let I = ò x
dx ....(1) = 4 ´ 63 ´
1
= 18
-p 1 + a 48
p
cos 2 ( - x ) 142. (d) f ( x) =
ex e- x
ò
= 1
-x
dx
1+ ex
Þ f ( - x) = =
-p 1 + a 1 + e- x ex +1
é b b ù \ f ( x ) + f (- x ) = 1 " x Î R
ê Using ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( a + b - x ) dx ú
êë úû f (a )

ò
a a
Now I1 = xg{x(1 - x )}dx
p
a x cos 2 x f ( - a)
= ò
1+ ax
dx ...(2)
-p f (a )
Adding equations (1) and (2) we get
= ò (1 - x) g{x (1 - x )}dx
p
æ 1+ a x ö p f ( - a)
2 I = ò cos x ç = ò
2
cos 2 x dx
x÷
dx
è 1+ a ø é b b ù
-p -p
ê using ò f ( x ) dx a = ò f ( a + b - x ) dx ú
p êë a a úû
= 2 ò cos 2 x dx [Q f (p – x) = f(x)]
0

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Integrals M-413

f ( a) f (a) -1 1 3
é x3 ù é x3 ù é x3 ù
Þ ò g{x(1 - x)}dx - ò xg ( x(1 - x)dx
= ê 3 - xú + ê x - 3 ú + ê 3 - xú
f ( -a ) f ( - a) êë úû -2 êë úû -1 êë úû1
= I 2 - I1 Þ 2 I1 = I 2
æ 1 ö æ 8 ö æ 2ö æ 27 ö æ 1 ö
= ç - + 1÷ - ç - + 2 ÷ + ç 2 - ÷ + ç - 3 ÷ - ç - 1÷
p è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3ø è 3 ø è3 ø
143. (b) Let I = ò xf (sin x )dx ...(i)
2 2 4 2 28
0
= + + +6+ =
We know that 3 3 3 3 3
a a p 1 1
ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a - x )dx = ò (p - x) f (sin x)dx ...(ii) 146. (d) I = ò x(1 - x )n dx = ò (1 - x )(1 - 1 + x)n dx
0 0 0 0 0
Adding (i) and (ii)
1 1
p
= ò (1 - x) x n dx = ò ( x n - x n +1 )dx
p 2
\ 2 I = pò f (sin x)dx = p.2 ò f (sin x)dx
0 0

2 0 é x n +1 x n + 2 ù1
=ê - 1 1
[Q sin(p - x) = sin x] ú = -
êë n + 1 n + 2 úû 0 n +1 n + 2
p
2 f ¢( x )
147. (d) Given that f ¢ ( x ) = f ( x) Þ =1
\ I = p ò f (sin x )dx Þ A = p f ( x)
0 Integrating both side we get
Let logx = t Þ et = x
log f ( x ) = x + c Þ f ( x) = e x + c
1
Þ dx = dt Þ dx = xdt Þ et dt .
x f (0) = 1 Þ f ( x ) = e x
p \ g(x) = x2 – f (x) = x2 – ex
2
(sin x + cos x )2
144. (c) I = ò 1 + sin 2 x
dx 1 1
\ ò f ( x ) g ( x) dx = ò e x ( x 2 - e x ) dx
0
0 0
p /2 2
(sin x + cos x)
ò
1 1
= ò x 2 e x dx - ò e 2 x dx
0 (sin x + cos x ) 2
0 0
p
[ ] [ ] [ ]
p
1 1 1 1
2
(sin x + cos x )2
2 = x 2e x 0 - 2 xe x - e x 0 - e 2 x 0
I= ò
0
(sin x + cos x )
dx = (sin x + cosx)dx ò 2
0 é e2 1 ù
= e - ê - ú - 2[e - e + 1] = e - e - 3
2
é pù
êQ sin x + cos x > 0 if 0 < x < 2 ú êë 2 2 úû 2 2
ë û
p b b
or I = [ - cos x + sin x ] = 2 2 148. (c) I = ò xf ( x)dx = ò ( a + b - x ) f ( a + b - x) dx
0
a a
3 3
We know that
ò |1 - x ò|x
2 2
145. (d) | dx = - 1| dx
b b
-2 -2
Q ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx
ì x 2 - 1 if x £ -1 a a
ïï b b
2 2
Now | x - 1|= í1 - x if -1 £ x £ 1 = (a + b )ò f (a + b - x)dx - ò xf (a + b - x )dx
ï 2
ïî x - 1 if x ³1 a a
b b
-1 1 3 = (a + b)ò f ( x ) dx - ò xf ( x )dx
\ Integral is ò (x - 1)dx + ò (1 - x )dx +ò ( x - 1)dx
2 2 2 a a
-2 -1 1 [Q Given that f(a + b – x) = f(x)]

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M-414 Mathematics

b when x = 0, t = 1 and when x = p, t = –1

2I = (a + b)ò f ( x)dx -1 1
1 1
a \ I = -2 p ò 1 + t 2 dt = 2p ò 1 + t 2 dt
b -1
( a + b) 1

2 ò
Þ I= f ( x )dx 1
= 2p éë tan t ùû = 2p éë tan 1 - tan ( -1) ùû
-1 -1 -1
a -1
2 é p æ -p ö ù p
d x 2
ò sec tdt = 2p ê 4 - ç 4 ÷ ú = 2p. 2 = p2
ë è øû
dx 0 sec 2 x 2 .2 x
149. (d) lim = lim 152. (d) We know that [x] is greatest integer function less than
x ®0 d x ® 0 sin x + x cos x
( x sin x) equal to x
dx
2 1 2
ò éë x
2ù
(by L’ Hospital rule) \ dx = ò é x 2 ù dx + ò é x 2 ù dx +
2 sec2 x 2 2 ´1 û ë û ë û
lim = =1 0 0 1
x ® 0 æ sin x ö 1+1
çè + cos x ÷ø 3 2
éx2 ù + é x 2 ù dx
x
t
ò ë û ò ë û
2 3
150. (c) F (t ) = ò f (t - y ) g ( y )dy
1 2 3 2
0
t t = ò 0dx + ò 1dx + ò 2dx + ò 3dx
= ò et - y ydy = et ò e - y ydy 0 1 2 3
0 0
= [ x ]1 + [ 2 x ] + [ 3x]
2 3 2
t t
= et é - ye - y - e - y ù = - et é ye - y + e - y ù 2 3
ë û0 ë û0
= 2 -1 + 2 3 - 2 2 + 6 - 3 3
é t + 1 - et ù
= - et ét e -t + e - t - 0 - 1ù = - et ê ú = 5- 3 - 2
ë û êë e
t
úû
p/4
= et - (1 + t ) 153. (b) I n + I n + 2 = ò tan n x(1 + tan 2 x )dx
0
p 2 x (1 + sin x) p/4
151. (b) ò-p dx p/4 é tan n +1 x ù
1 + cos 2 x = ò tan n x sec 2 x dx = ê ú
0 ëê n + 1 ûú 0
p 2 x dx p x sin x
= ò-p + 2ò
-p 1 + cos 2 x
dx é x n +1 ù
1 + cos2 x êQ ò x dx =
n
ú
ë n + 1û
p x sin x dx
= 0+4 ò0 ; =
1- 0
=
1
1 + cos2 x n +1 n + 1
We know that 1
\ In + In+2 = lim n [I + I ]
Þ n®¥
a
n +1 n n+2
Q ò f (x)dx = 0 , if f (x) is odd.
1 n = lim n
-a = lim n. = lim =1
n ®¥ n + 1 n®¥ n + 1 n®¥ æ 1ö
a n ç1 + ÷
= 2 ò f ( x)dx , if f (x) is even è nø
0 10 p p

I = 4 ò0
p (p - x) sin (p - x )
dx
154. (a) I = ò | sin x | dx = 10ò | sin x | dx
1 + cos2 (p - x ) 0 0
[Q sin(10p - x) = sin x]
p (p - x ) sin x p
I=4 ò0
1 + cos 2 x
dx
= 10ò sin x dx
p sin x dx 0
x sin x dx
Þ I = 4pò - 4ò Q sin x > 0, for 0 < x < p.
0 1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x
as sin (p – x) = sinx
p sin x
Þ 2I = 4p ò dx p /2
0 1 + cos 2 x p /2
I = 20 ò sin x dx = 20 [ - cos x ]0 = 20
put cos x = t Þ - sin x dx = dt 0

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Integrals M-415

1
. n a +1 + a1n a + a 2 n a -1 + .......
x
155. (a) F ( x) = ò t 2 g (t )dt (a + 1) 1
158. (a) lim =
n ®¥
1
æ 1ö 60
1+
Differentiate by using Leibnit ’s rule, we get a -1 2ç ÷
( n + 1) . n çè a + n
÷
x 2 ø
F ¢(x) = x2g(x) = x 2 ò f (u )du ...(i)
a a a
1 æ 1ö æ 2ö æ nö
çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø + ....... + çè ÷ø 1
At x = 1, Þ lim n n n =
n ®¥ 60
é n ( n + 1) ù
1
( n + 1)a -1 ê n 2 a + ú
F ¢(1) = 1ò f (u )du = 0 ë 2 û
1
n a
Now, differentiate eqn (i) lim 1 æ rö
n ®¥
n
å çè n ÷ø 1
x r =1
= =
F ¢¢( x ) = x 2 f ( x ) - 2 x ò f (u)du a -1
é 1 æ 1ö ù 60
æ 1ö
1 çè1 + ÷ø êa + 2 çè1 + n ÷ø ú
n ë û
At x =1,
1 1 a 1
F ¢¢(1) = 1. f (1) - 2 ´1.ò f (u)du òx
= 0
dx
=
1
= a +1 =
1
1 æ 1 ö 60 a + 1 60
ça + ÷
= f (1) – 2 × 0 = f(1) è 2ø 2
F ²(1) = 3
1
Then, for F ¢(1) = 0, F ²(1) = 3 > 0
Hence, x = 1 is a point of local minima. Þ a +1 = 1
æ 1ö 60
ça + ÷
1 1 1 è 2ø
(n + 1) 3 + (n + 2) 3 + ... + (n + n) 3
Þ (a + 1) (2a + 1) = 120
lim
156. (a) n ®¥ 1
Þ 2a2 + 3a – 119 = 0
n(n) 3 Þ 2a2 + 17a – 14a – 119 = 0
Þ (a – 7) (2a + 17) = 0
1
n
(n + r) 3 17
Þ a = 7, -
= lim
n ®¥
å 1 2
r =1
n.n 3 1
æ (n + 1)(n + 2)...3n ö n
1 1 159. (d) y = lim ç ÷
é r 1 dù n ®¥ è n 2n ø
= ò (1 + x) dx êëQ n ® x and n ® x úû
3
0 1 æ 1 öæ 2 ö æ 2n ö
ln y = lim ln ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷ ....ç1 + ÷
1 n ®¥ n è n øè n ø è n ø
é 4ù 4
ê 3 (1 + x) 3 ú = 3 (2) 3 - 3 1é æ 1ö æ 2ö æ 2n ö ù
= ê4 ú 4 4 ln y = lim êln çè1 + n ÷ø + ln çè1 + n ÷ø + .... + ln çè1 + n ÷ø ú
ë û0 n®¥ n ë û

1 2n æ rö
n 2n
dx
å n 2 + r 2 = ò 1 + x2
2
= lim å ln ç 1 + n ÷ø = ò02 ln(1 + x)dx
n ®¥ n r =1 è
157. (d) Let L = nlim
®฀
r =1 0
Let 1 + x = t Þ dx = dt
é r 1 ù when x = 0, t = 1
êëQ n ® x, r ® dx úû x = 2, t = 3

-1 2 æ 33 ö æ 27 ö
= éë tan x ùû
3
ln y = ò ln t d t = [t ln t – t ]1 = ln ç 2 ÷ = ln ç 2 ÷
3
0 1 èe ø èe ø
= tan–12
27
Þ y= 2
e

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M-416 Mathematics

dx r2 2
160. (a) Let f (x) = ò sin6 x lim
n®¥ n
r
2
n2
sec2= lim
1 r
n®¥ n n
. sec 2 r
n2

ò cosec Þ Given limit is equal to value of integral

6
f(x) = x dx
1
From reduction formula, we have
ò x sec
2 2
x dx
n-2
In = ò cosec x dx = - cosec x cot x + n - 2 I n -2
n 0
n -1 n -1 1
1
1
1

cosec 4 x cot x 4 é –cosec2 x cot x 2 ù

or
2 ò 2 x sec x 2 dx = ò sec 2 tdt
2
[put x 2 = t ]
\ f(x) = - + ê + I2 ú 0 0
5 5 ëê 3 3 ûú 1 1
1
= (tan t )0 = tan1 .
2 2
cosec4 x cot x 4 8
= - - cosec2 [Link] x + [- cot x ] n r
5 15 15 1
162. (b)
Lim
n®¥ å ne n [Using definite integrals as limit of sum]
-(1 + cot 2 x )2 .cot x 4 r =1
= - (1 + cot 2 x)cot x
5 15 1
8 = ò e x dx = e - 1
- (- cot x) (Q cosec2 x = 1 + cot 2 x) 0
15
-1 é 4 14 + 24 + 34 + .......n4
= 1 + cot 4 x + 2cot 2 x ù cot x - écot x + cot3 x ù 163. (a) lim -
5 ë û 15 ë û n®¥ n5
8
- cot x 13 + 23 + 33 + ....... + n3
15 lim
n®¥ n5
-1
= [cot x + cot 5 x + 2cot 3 x] 4 3
5 1 n æ rö 1 1 æ rö
= lim S ç ÷ - lim . lim ç ÷
-4 4 8 n®¥ è
n r =1 n ø n®¥ n n® ¥ n è n ø
cot x - cot 3 x - cot x
15 15 15 1 1 é x5 ù
1
1 1
= ò x dx - lim ´ ò x3 dx = ê ú - 0 =
4
-15 cot5 x 10 3 n ®¥ n ê 5
ë û0 ú 5
= cot x - - cot x 0 0
15 5 15
1p + 2 p + .... + n p
- cot 5 x 2 3 164. (a) We have lim ;
= - cot x - cot x n® ¥ n p+1
5 3
It is a polynomial of degree 5 in cot x. 1
n 1
rp é x p +1 ù 1
é1 2 1 2 2 4 ù
lim å p
n ®¥ r =1 n × n
= ò x p dx = ê
+
ú =
+1
ê 2 sec 2 + 2 sec 2 ú 0 ëê p 1 ûú0 p
161. (d) lim ê n n n n ú is equal to
n ®¥ ê 3 2 9 1 2 ú
ê + sec + .... + sec 1ú
ë n2 n2 n û

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