THERMAL PROPERTIES
i. Definition of Thermal Conductivity.
ii. Why synthetic dresses are not suitable in Summer or Winter season?
iii. Why wool dresses are warmer in Winter season?
iv. Definition of Glass transition temperature & Melting temperature.
v. Draw a schematic diagram showing the variation of specific volume with
temperature for an amorphous and a semi-crystalline polymer.
vi. Write down the factors influence the Tg and Tm value of polymer.
vii. Differences between Glass transition temperature & Melting
temperature.
viii. Definition of Thermal expansion and Heat of wetting or Heat of
absorption.
ix. What is Heat setting? Write down the objectives of Heat setting.
x. Describe the Mechanism of Heat setting with appropriate figure.
xi. Describe the different types of Heat setting.
xii. Point out the advantages and disadvantages of different stages of Heat
setting.
xiii. What is flammability? Write down the factors of flammability.
STATIC ELECTRICITY
i. What is Static Electricity?
ii. Write down the theories of Static Electricity and which one is the best
the among them and why?
iii. Write down the problems created due to the Static Electricity.
iv. Describe the method of minimizing Static Electricity.
v. What is Di-electric properties and Di-electric constant?
vi. Briefly describe the factors affecting Di-electric Properties.
SWELLING PROPERTIES
i. Definition of swelling and types of swelling.
ii. Describe the swelling phenomenon in fibers.
iii. Why Viscose swelling is greater than Nylon/Polyester swelling?
iv. What is shrinkage? Describe the mechanism of shrinkage.
v. Mathematical problem (Shrinkage related).
vi. How you produce waterproof fabric by swelling phenomenon?
vii. Proved that, SV =SL + SA + SA. SL. Or, establish a relation among Volume
swelling, Area swelling and Axial swelling.
viii. Relation between SA and SD. Or, prove that, SA = 2SD + SD2
𝜌𝑜 𝑟
ix. Proved that, SV = [1 + ]−1
𝜌𝑠 100
x. Importance of swelling.
xi. Draw a graph showing relation between swelling and relative humidity.
xii. Draw a graph showing length changes in merino wool (Length swelling%
vs R.H% and Regain%.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
i. Definition of Birefringence and Refractive Index.
ii. Birefringence and Refractive Index depends on which factors?
iii. What is Optical orientation factor?
(𝑁+𝛿𝑁)
iv. Measurement of Birefringence. Or, proved that, Birefringence =
𝑡
v. Establish a relation among Refractive Index, Density and Swelling. Or,
prove that, Vr (n11 − n⊥) r = V0 (n11 − n⊥).
vi. What is Dichroism and requirements of Dichroism.
vii. Describe that, Cross fiber absorb more radiation than Parallel fiber.
viii. Briefly discuss about luster depends on which factors?
FIBER MIGRATION
i. Definition of fiber migration in yarn.
ii. Describe the parameters on which the fiber migration depends on.
iii. Measurement of fiber migration by Tracer fiber technique (Gupta) with
proper figure and equation.
iv. Measurement of fiber migration by Riding’s Experiment with proper
figure and equation.
v. Draw and describe the 7-ply structure and establish the conditions for
migration to occur.
vi. Mathematical problems.
YARN STRUCTURE AND THEIR PROPERTIES
i. Write about the interrelations of fiber, yarn and fabric structure and
properties.
ii. Discuss the classification of yarns.
iii. What is yarn geometry and its importance?
iv. Mention the assumption of idealized yarn geometry.
v. From idealized yarn geometry prove that, 𝜃 = tan−1(2𝜋𝑅𝑇) or, proved
“all fibers in a given yarn layer have the same helix angle of twist.”
vi. From idealized yarn geometry prove that, tan 𝛼 = 0.0112 × √𝑉𝑦 × 𝜏,
Where α = Angle of twist, Vy = Surface volume of yarn, τ = Twist factor.
vii. From idealized yarn geometry prove that if the yarn has a constant
tan2 𝛼
diameter, the specific volume will also be constant. Or, Vy = × 105
𝐶×4𝜋𝑇 2
𝑇𝑒𝑥
viii. From idealized yarn geometry prove that, d = 0.00356 × √ cm.
𝜌𝑓
Where, 𝜌f = Density of fiber, d= Yarn Diameter.
ix. Definition of Twist Contraction and Twist retraction.
x. Prove that, Twist retraction, Ry = tan2 𝛼/2
xi. If it is considered that, volume is not changed after twist, the maximum
twist angle of a yarn will be 70.50.
xii. Limitation of idealized yarn geometry.
xiii. Describe the effect of yarn twist on yarn strength.
xiv. Describe the effect of yarn twist on fabric.
THE END