Advanced design principles of RC

(reinforced-concrete) structures

Yijia Sun
sunyijiaysu@[Link]
Teaching method
Teaching is conducted combining lectures, discussion, examination. Moreover,
different tasks including homework and presentations are assigned.

Assessment
20 scores of class attendance (written request for leave)
30 scores of homework and presentation (research field)
50 scores of examination
 Main content
Chapter 1 Introduction
(1) Engineering field using reinforced concrete structures
(2) Scope and focus of this course

Material level
Chapter 2 Basic mechanical properties of concrete and their test methods
(1) Material composition of concrete
(2) Mix proportion design
(3) Basic mechanical properties of concrete

Chapter 3 Development of modern concrete

(1) High-strength concrete
(2) Lightweight concrete
(3) Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
 Main content

Material level
Chapter 4 Creep and shrinkage in concrete structures
(1) Pore structure in concrete
(2) Shrinkage in concrete
(3) Creep in concrete

Chapter 5 Interaction between reinforcements and concrete

(1) Reinforcing steels for concrete
(2) Fundamentals of flexural bond
(3) Composition of adhesion
(4) Bond failure mode
(5) Development Length
 Main content

Member and structure level

Chapter 6 Tension cracks and bending stiffness

(1) Tension cracks
(2) Bending stiffness and deformation

Chapter 7 Durability design of concrete structure

(1) Provision of durability design of concrete structure
(2) Environmental category and grade
(3) General environment
(4) Chloride environment
 Basic principles of Advanced design principles of RC
concrete structures structures
Mechanical properties Basic properties of Standard test method in codes
of concrete normal concrete Calculation of mechanical properties
Focus on various kinds of concrete
Interaction between Bond strength and Test method and bonding mechanism
reinforcements and development length Failure mechanism of confined concrete
concrete Response due to deformation difference
Bearing capacity and Bearing capacity Method of force bearing analysis
deformation of typical calculation and Mechanism and calculation of tension
RC components structural measures crack and bending deformation
Long-term performance Long-term properties Long-term performance of RC members
of RC members of materials including involving prestress losses, long-term
creep and shrinkage deflection and durability
 Building code and standard

• The American Concrete Institute (ACI) code itself has no legal

status. It has been incorporated into the building codes of almost all
states and municipalities throughout the U. S., however. When so
incorporated, it has official sanction, becomes a legal document, and
is part of the law controlling reinforced concrete design and
construction in a particular area. However, a part of Chinese
standards have the force of law, which means that the builder must
carry out the design and construction according to the specifications
in the standards.
Consist of code title : Organization or level + number +year
● ACI codes are mainly on design of structure.
Example: ACI 318-14 Building code requirements for structural concrete
● American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM)
Example: ASTM D3916-08 Standard test method for tensile properties of
pultruded glass-fiber reinforced plastic rod
● GB 国标（guo biao） National standard (Law)
Example: GB 50608—2010 Technical code for infrastructure application of FRP
● GB/T 推 荐 国 标 （ tui jian guo biao ） National standard which is
recommended but not compulsive.
Example: GB/T 1591—2018 High strength low alloy structural steels
● JGJ 行业标准 Construction standards of construction engineering industry
Example: JGJ 92-16 Technical specification for concrete structures prestressed
with unbonded tendons
Chapter 1

Introduction
 Historical development of concrete structure
Concrete and its cementitious (volcanic) constituents, such as
pozzolanic ash, have been used since the days of Greek, the Romans, an
possibly earlier ancient civilization. The lower half of the Pantheon is a
hollow cylinder, and the upper half is a hemispherical dome which was
fabricated using concrete.

Pantheon in Rome
 Historical development of concrete structure
In 1801, F. Coignet published his statement of principles of construction,
recognizing the weakness of concrete in tension. The beginning of
reinforced concrete is generally attributed to Frenchman J. L. Lambot, who
in 1850 constructed, for the first time, a small boat with concrete for
exhibition in the 1855 World's Fair in Paris.

Shipbuilding system by Lambot

 Historical development of concrete structure in 19th century

Year Development
1854 In England, [Link] registered a patent for reinforced
concrete floor slab .

1867 J. Monier, a French gardener, used metal frames as reinforcement

to make garden plant containers.
Before 1870 Monier had taken a series of patents to make reinforced concrete
pipes, slabs, and arches. But Monier had no knowledge of the
working principle of this new material, he placed the reinforcement
at the mid-depth of his wares. Then little construction was done in
reinforced concrete.
1887 The German engineers Wayss and Bauschinger proposed to place
the reinforcement in the tension zone, the use of reinforced
concrete as a material of construction began to spread rapidly.
1906 Turner developed the first flat slab without beams.
 Historical development of concrete structure

Before the early twenties of 20 century, reinforced concrete went through

the initial stage of its development. Considerable progress occurred in the
field such that by 1910 the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete, the
Austrian Concrete Committee, the American Concrete Institute, and the
British Concrete Institute were established. Various structural elements,
such as beams, slabs, columns, frames, arches, footings, etc. were
developed using this material. However, the strength of concrete and that of
reinforcing bars were still very low. The common strength of concrete at the
beginning of 20 century was about 15 MPa in compression, and the
tensile strength of steel bars was about 200 MPa. The elements were
designed along the allowable stresses which was an extension of the
principles in strength of materials.
Knowledge review
Why can steel rebar and concrete work together?
(1) There is a good bonding performance between concrete and
reinforcement. They can be reliably combined with each other to
bear force and deform together.
(2) The temperature linear expansion coefficients of concrete and
reinforcement are very close. Large temperature stress and damage
of bonding can be avoided when temperature changes.
(3) The concrete is wrapped outside the reinforcement to protect the
reinforcement from corrosion or high temperature softening.
 Historical development of concrete structure
By the late twenties, reinforced concrete entered a new stage of
development. Many buildings, bridges, liquid containers, thin shells and
prefabricated members of reinforced concrete were constructed by 1920.
The era of linear and circular prestressing began. Reinforced concrete,
because of its low cost and easy availability, has become the staple
material of construction all over the world.

Paul Nordoff hall at Yale University The Oriental Pearl TV Tower

 Historical development of concrete structure
Up to now, the quality of concrete has been greatly improved and the range of its
utility has been expanded. The design approach has also been innovative to giving
the new role for reinforced concrete in the world of construction. The concrete
commonly used today has a compressive strength of 20~40MPa. For concrete
used in pre-stressed concrete may be as high as 60~80 MPa. The reinforcing bars
commonly used today have a tensile strength of 400 MPa, and the ultimate tensile
strength of prestressing wire may reach 1570~1860 MPa.

World Trade Center transfer station Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

 Historical development of concrete structure
The development of high strength concrete makes it possible for
reinforced concrete to be used in high-rise buildings, offshore structures,
pressure vessels, etc. In order to reduce the dead weight of concrete
structures, various kinds of light weight concrete have been developed with
a density of 1400-1800kg/m3. With a compressive strength of 50 MPa,
lightweight concrete may be used in load bearing structures.

Tower of Marina City Jinying Fortune Center Zhan River Bridge

The Tallest
The Dubai Tower is known as the world's tallest building.
It is situated in the city of Dubai. The tower has a height of
828m (2,716ft) high. The construction of the tower began
in 2004. It has 160 floors and the world's tallest service lift.
The world's highest observation deck is on the 124th floor.
The world's highest mosque and swimming pool are
located on the 158th and 76th floors.
The Longest
Dankun bridge is located in Jiangsu section of Beijing Dubai Tower
Shanghai high speed railway. It starts from Danyang,
passes through Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, and ends
at Kunshan with total length of 164.85 km. There are more
than 150 rivers with water surface width of more than 20
meters. Across highways, railways and waterways,
Dankun bridge strides across the whole land of Southern
Jiangsu with the proud attitude of a modern high-speed
Dankun bridge
railway bridge.