PM SHRI
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
NDA, PUNE-23
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
• Submitted to : Mrs Yogita Kamble
• Submitted by: Rajan Dolas
CLASS : 12th A
CERTIFICATE
This to clarify that the project has been made by
Rajan Dolas of class 12 A on the topic to study the
factor on which the self inductance of the coil depends
on observing the effect of this coil , when put in a
series with a resistor/bulb in a circuit fed up with an
ac source of adjustable frequency. Under the guidance
of [Link] Kamble have been completed
successfully.
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my ma’am Mrs. Yogita kamble as
well as our principle for giving me this golden
opportunity. Which also helped me in doing lots
of research and I came to know about so many
new and wonderful things
TEACHER’S SIGN:
PRINCIPAL’S SIGN:
INDEX
AIM
APPARATUS
THEORY & CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERRORS
REFERENCE
2. 🎯AIM
To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil
depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in
series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
3. APPARATUS
• A coil of large turns
• A.C. source of adjustable frequency
• An electrical bulb
• (6V) A.C. ammeter of suitable range rheostat
• A soft iron rod
• One way key
• Connecting wires
4. 🧠 THEORY
Self-inductance is the property of a coil which
opposes the change in current through it. The self
inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is
L = U°Ur N2A/l
Where Ur = Relative magnetic permeability of
magnetic material ,
Ur=U/U°
N = Total number of turns in solenoid
A = Area of cross section of solenoid
l = length of solenoid
HENCE,, the self-inductance depends upon:
1. No. of turns (N) , L α N² 𝟏
2. Geometry of coil, L α A, L α -- 𝒍
3. Nature of core material, L α µ
When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor
(bulb) with a variable source of frequency, then current
flowing in the bulb is
Irms=Erms/Z
Where Z = √𝑅 2 + 𝜔2 𝐿2 = Impedance of the a.c. circuit.
Here R = Resistance of the bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
𝜔 = 2πf = Angular frequency of a.c. source.
The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in the bulb is
H=I2rmsZt
P=H/t=I2rmsZ
P=Irms√R2+𝜔2 𝐿2
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5. ⚙️PROCEDURE ⚙️:
1. Make all connections as shown in the circuit
diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply & adjust the current
in the circuit by using the variable resistor (𝑅ℎ).
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter & see the
brightness of bulb.
4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor
core & record the current in a.c. ammeter & again
check the brightness of bulb. The current &
brightness both decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the
frequency of a.c. source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the
current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V by
using the rheostat. Note the current in ammeter &
brightness of bulb. The current & brightness both
will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil &
note the current & brightness. The current &
brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different
frequency of a.c. source.
6. 📋🔍 OBSERVATIONS 🔍 📋
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A.
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A.
[Link] Frequency Current in Current in
of applied ammeter ammeter
voltage without with iron
(Hz) iron rod in rod in coil
coil (A) (A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
7. 📊 RESULT :
1. The current in the circuit decrease on inserting
the iron rod in the core of coil at constant
frequency of applied voltage & brightness of bulb
decreases & vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit increases on
decreasing the frequency of applied voltage &
vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb
increases.
8. 🚫PRECAUTIONS🚫 :
1. The coil should have large number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time to
avoid the heating effect.
9. SOURCES OF ERRORS :
1. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly
due to heating effect of current.
2. There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.
REFERENCE
1. NCERT BOOK PHYSICS CLASS 12th
2. [Link]
3. LAB MANUAL