Rephrasing-English.

pdf

Lilly_26

Inglés

1º Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad

Estudios España

Accede al documento original

Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

REPHRASING 2º BACH - CONNECTORS

—--------------------

1. CLAUSES OF CAUSE

Las SUBORDINADAS ADVERBIALES CAUSALES expresan el MOTIVO de la acción principal.

.

✓ because = porque — para contestar directamente preguntas con “why”, seguido de una oración

✓ as = como — posición inicial, seguido de una oración

✓ since = puesto que, ya que — posición inicial, seguido de una oración

✓ for = puesto que, porque, por — formal (lenguaje escrito sobre todo), seguido de una oración

❖ He was angry because we had lost our keys.

(Estaba enfadado porque habíamos perdido las llaves.)

❖ As it was a sunny day, we went out for a walk.

(Como hacía sol, fuimos a dar un paseo.)

❖ Since you ask me, I'll tell you what happened.

(Puesto que / Ya que me lo preguntas, te contaré lo que ocurrió.)

❖ I called him at work, for I had to tell him something important.

(Lo llamé al trabajo, porque /puesto que tenía que decirle algo importante.)

✓ Because of = por, a cause de — posición inicial o media, seguido de un sustantivo o sintagma nominal
✓ Due to = debido a — posición inicial o media, seguido de un sustantivo o sintagma nominal
✓ Owing to = debido a — posición inicial o media, seguido de un sustantivo o sintagma nominal
❖ I was late because of heavy traffic.
(Llegué tarde por el tráfico.)
❖ The game was delayed due to bad weather.

(El partido se retrasó debido al mal tiempo.)

❖ He was off work owing to a back injury.

(No estaba en el trabajo debido a una lesión en la espalda.)

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. Since the air was so polluted, the competition could not take place.

The competition could not take place because of …………………………………………………………

2. My favourite actress couldn't get the prize because she was ill.

Since ………………………………………………………………, she couldn't get the prize.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

3. We were very tired, but finally got to win the match.

We finally got to win the match, although …………………………………………………………

4. Not all her novels are equally good, that's why she hasn't won the Nobel Prize. Not all her novels
are equally good, therefore ……..……………………………………………………………

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
5. Many families in the third world live under very bad conditions and they educate their children
with great dignity.
…………………………………… many families in the third world live under very bad conditions,
.

they educate their children with great dignity

6. Some third world countries can be exotic, but life in them can be pretty difficult.
…………………………………… exotic some third world countries may be, life in them can be difficult.

7. Although she likes sports, tennis is not one of her favourites.

She likes sport, …………………………………………………,tennis is not one of her favourites.

8. The hacker will probably not be arrested because there's a lack of evidence.
Owing to……………………………………………………………

9. Very few people would use the Internet because its use was restricted to the military.
Owing……………………………………………………………

10. The server crashed, so the web site was unavailable.

As……………………………………………………………

11. There is a lot of misinformation on the Web because there are no restrictions on who can set
up a web page.
Since……………………………………………………………

12. A lot of people spend hours each day on the Internet because it is great fun.

Owing to ……………………………………………………………

13. Some parents are quite wary of having a computer at home because it can discourage their
children from socializing.
As… …………………………………………………………

Ven a disfrutar de la mejor música en Hoky Music - 18 de julio en Santander - Compra tus entradas
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

14. The Internet is actually quite restricted because it is expensive to buy a computer.

As… …………………………………………………………

15. It's very popular because it's very easy to use.

Since……………………………………………………………

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
16. An ex-employee attacked the server because he had been fired for using pirate software.
Since……………………………………………………………

17. Broadband has many advantages because of its fast download speed.

Due to……………………………………………………………

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

2. CLAUSES OF COMPARISON

Las SUBORDINADAS ADVERBIALES COMPARATIVAS expresan el SEGUNDO TÉRMINO DE UNA

COMPARACIÓN que se inicia en la proposición principal.
✓ as + adjective / adverb + as = tan + adjetivo / adverbio + como

✓ not as / so + adjective / adverb + as = no tan + adjetivo / adverbio + como

❖ She is as intelligent as her sister.

(Ella es tan inteligente como su hermana.)

❖ She is as wise as her brother is foolish.

(Ella es tan sensata como su hermano es insensato.)

❖ He doesn't run as / so fast as the other players.

(No corre tan rápidamente como los otros jugadores.)

✓ as much + uncountable noun + as = tanto / tanta + sustantivo singular / no contable + como

✓ as many + plural countable noun + as = tantos / tantas + sustantivo plural / contable + como

❖ He always spends as much money as he earns.

(Siempre se gasta tanto dinero como gana.)

❖ We didn't invite as many friends as (we did) at our last party.

(No invitamos a tantos amigos como (hicimos) en nuestra última fiesta.)

✓ the same + noun + as = el / lo / la / los / las mismo/a/os/as + sustantivo + que

❖ He hasn't the same temper as his brother.

(No tiene el mismo carácter que su hermano.)

❖ He gave us the same old excuses as he always did.

(Nos vino con las mismas viejas excusas como siempre hacía.)
✓ more + adjective / adverb / noun + than / adjective / adverb + -er than = más + adjetivo / adverbio /

sustantivo + que
❖ He isn't younger than I (am) / me (colloquial).

(No es más jóven que yo.)

.

❖ We'll travel more comfortably than we expected.

(Viajaremos más cómodamente de lo que esperábamos.)

❖ They had to buy more expensive tickets than they intended.

(Tuvieron que comprar billetes más caros de lo que tenían pensado.)

*Dentro de las subordinadas comparativas cabe destacar las construcciones correlativas.

❖ The more he heard, the angrier he got.
(Cuanto más oía, más se enfadaba.)

❖ The more you explain it to him, the less he'll understand it.

(Cuanto más se lo expliques, menos lo entenderá.)

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

✓ less + adjective / adverb / no contable noun ... than = menos + adjetivo / adverbio / sustantivo no contable +
que
✓ fewer + adjective / adverb / contable noun ... than = menos + adjetivo / adverbio / sustantivo contable + que
❖ We had less time than we had asked.
(Tuvimos menos tiempo del que habíamos pedido.)

❖ If he had worked less slowly than he did, he would have finished the report.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
(Si hubiera trabajado menos lentamente de lo que lo hizo, habría acabado el informe.)

❖ He had fewer reliable friends than he thought.

(Él tenía menos amigos de confianza de lo que pensaba.)

❖ The less funny his jokes were, the fewer people laughed.

(Cuanto menos divertidas eran sus bromas, menos gente se ría.)

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. It was hard to see the name of the street. There were with no lights.

No lights made it………………………………………………………………

2. Lifetime average is very high. It's third in history.

Lifetime………………………………………………………………
.

3. Building this house was weird. I never did such a thing.

Building………………………………………………………………

4. Tom is very innocent. He is like a child.

Tom………………………………………………………………

5. I thought you were a clever boy.

You………………………………………………………………

6. Jumping off a bridge with a rope tied to your ankles is nutty but this is worse.
This………………………………………………………………

7. We are four brothers. Jim is older than all of us.

Jim………………………………………………………………

8. He was a great left wing quarterback. There was nobody better.

He………………………………………………………………

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

9. The Beatles sound conventional. But the Rolling Stones don’t.

The Rolling Stones………………………………………………………………

10. I've heard of crazy things but never of one like this. .

This………………………………………………………………

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
11. I'm popular with girls but you are more popular.

I'm not………………………………………………………………

12. He is working very hard. He has never worked like this.

He………………………………………………………………

13. This sweater is size 32. Haven't you got a size 34?

Haven't you got………………………………………………………………

14. He speaks fluently. Last year he didn’t.

He………………………………………………………………

15. I want a box whose length has to be twice this one.

I want.…………………………………………………………….

16. This thing is great. I've never seen anything like it.

This………………………………………………………………

17. Simulation exercises are interesting for the teacher, not for the pupils.

Simulation exercises………………………………………………………………

18. She is very happy now. Yesterday she wasn't so happy.

She………………………………………………………………

19. Our team played bad. They never played so badly.

Our team………………………………………………………………

20. He used to drive very fast but he had an accident and now he drives slowly.

Now he………………………………………………………………

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

3. CLAUSES OF CONTRAST

✓ although = aunque — sólo al principio de la oración

✓ though = aunque — en cualquier posición y sobre todo al final de la oración.
❖ Although (/ though) Jim smiled, he was upset.
(Aunque Jim sonreía, estaba disgustado.)

❖ I won't be able to go, though (/ although) I have the ticket.

(Aunque tengo la entrada, no podré ir.)

It was an enjoyable show, I won't see it again, though (although).

❖ It was an enjoyable show, though I won't want to repeat it.

(Era un espectáculo agradable; aunque no lo veré otra vez.)

❖ After this experience I'm wiser though (although) poorer.

(Después de esta experiencia soy más sabio aunque más pobre.)

✓ even if + indicative = aunque + subjuntivo — caso hipotético

✓ even though + indicative = aunque, aún cuando + indicativo — un hecho cierto

❖ Even if I am tired, I'll go out with you.

(Aunque esté cansado, saldré contigo.)

❖ Even though I am tired, I'll go out with you.

(Aunque / Aún cuando estoy cansado, saldré contigo.)

❖ Even if I have enough money, I won't buy that computer.

(Aunque tenga bastante dinero, no compraré ese ordenador.)

❖ Even though I have enough money, I won't buy that computer.

(Aunque / Aún cuando tengo bastante dinero, no compraré ese ordenador.)

✓ for all (that) + indicative = a pesar de (que) + subjuntivo — expresa duda, posibilidad

❖ For all the work you've done, your project may be turned down.
(A pesar del trabajo que has hecho, puede que tu proyecto sea rechazado.)

❖ She won't convince her for all that you keep on trying.

(No la convencerás a pesar de que sigas intentándolo.)

✓ in spite of + verb with -ing / noun = a pesar de + verbo en infinitivo / sustantivo

✓ in spite of the fact that + sentence = a pesar de que + oración

✓ despite + verb with -ing / noun = a pesar de + verbo en infinitivo / sustantivo
✓ despite the fact that + sentence = a pesar de que + oración
❖ In spite of / Despite our lack of time, we listened to them.

(A pesar de nuestra falta de tiempo, los escuchamos.)

.

❖ In spite of / Despite lacking time, we listened to them.

(A pesar de la falta de tiempo, los escuchamos.)

❖ In spite of / Despite the fact that we lacked time, we listened to them.

(A pesar de que nos faltaba tiempo, los escuchamos.)

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

✓ however + adjective / adverb = por muy + adjetivo / adverbio

❖ The Lakers won't call you however tall you are.

(Los Lakers no te llamarán por muy alto que seas.)

❖ However friendly it looks, this dog bites.

(Por muy simpático que parezca, este perro muerde.)

❖ However fast you run, I'll catch you.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
(Por muy rápidamente que corras, te cogeré.)

❖ However carefully you think your answer, you may be wrong.

.

(Por muy cuidadosamente que pienses la respuesta, puede que te equivoques.)

✓ much as = a pesar de lo mucho que, por mucho que

❖ She won't listen to you much as you insist.

(Ella no te escuchará por mucho que / a pesar de lo mucho que insistas.)

❖ Much as you have done for them, you can't ask them for that favour.

(Por mucho que / A pesar de lo mucho que hayas hecho por ellos, no les puedes pedir ese
favor.)
✓ no matter + how + adjetive = no importa + lo + adjetivo

✓ no matter + where, when, whose... = no importa + dónde, cuándo, de quién…

❖ No matter how tired you feel, keep on walking.

(No importa lo cansado que te sientas, sigue caminando.)

❖ Call me before coming, no matter how many friends you'll take home, .

(Llámame antes de venir, no importa cuantos amigos traigas a casa.)

❖ No matter what you do, don't touch this switch.

(No importa lo que hagas, no toques este botón.)

❖ He always did what he wanted no matter where he was.

(Siempre hacía lo que quería no importa donde estuviera.)

✓ whatever = cualquiera que sea que , sea cual sea que…

❖ Tell me the truth whatever it is.

(Díme la verdad cualquiera que ésta sea.)

❖ Whatever they said, I didn't pay attention to them.

(Dijeran lo que dijeran, no les hacía caso.)

✓ whether... or not = (tanto) si ... como si no

❖ You'll have to meet Tom whether you like it or not.

(Tendrás que encontrarte con Tom tanto si te gusta como si no.)

❖ Whether you tell it to her or not, she'll know it.

(Tanto si se lo dices como si no, ella lo sabrá.)

❖ I'm not sure whether I feel like going or not.

(No estoy seguro si me apetece ir o no.)

Ahorra hoy con ING lo que tu yo disfrutón se gastará en el futuro (mañana)

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

✓ whereas = mientras (que) (formal)

✓ while = mientras (que)

✓ whilst = mientras (que) - forma antigua. Se usa sobre todo en UK.

❖ I love skiing while / whilst / whereas my wife doesn't like it at all.

(Me encanta esquiar mientras (que) a mi esposa no le gusta en absoluto.)

❖ She's got a lot of friends, while / whilst / whereas her brother doesn’t.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
(Ella tiene muchos amigos mientras (que) su hermano no.)

❖ I won't borrow you any money while / whilst / whereas you don't pay me back what you owe me.
(No te prestaré dinero mientras (que) no me devuelvas lo que me debes.)

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. He was much criticised but he kept on behaving the way he used to.

Despite…………………………………………………………………

2. A lot of people do not know how to use the Internet. Nevertheless it is very popular.
Even though.………………………………………………………………..

3. Studying on the Internet has a lot of advantages but it may not always be as effective as face to
face study.
In spite…………………………………………………………………

4. Bob had a considerable amount of experience but the job went to a junior colleague.
Although…………………………………………………………………

5. The job market was difficult last summer. Nevertheless Bill got a job soon after graduation.
Although…………………………………………………………………

6. He made a positive impression during the interview, but he wasn't offered a permanent job.
No matter…………………………………………………………………

7. Her writing style is elegant but her power of description is limited.

.

While…………………………………………………………………

8. A lot of people prefer a PDA to a desk computer although the screen size is very small.
Even though.………………………………………………………………..

Compra tus entradas para el festival Música en Grande, del 25 al 27 de junio en Torrelavega.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

9. She wasn't offered very high wages. Nonetheless she had vey good qualifications.
Despite…………………………………………………………………

10. Bob did his best in the final examination although he was suffering from a heavy cold.
Despite…………………………………………………………………

11. Tourism has negative aspects even though it employs ten percent of the world's population.
For all…………………………………………………………………

12. I had practised for hours but my first tennis ball ended up in the net.
.

Even though…………………………………………………………………

13. Bob can tell you the end of the movie but he won’t.

Although…………………………………………………………………

14. Tourism provides huge incomes but it can also bring a lot of problems.

Though…………………………………………………………………

15. Their product has good quality but it did not sell really well.

Despite…………………………………………………………………

16. Bob studied hard for two semesters. Nevertheless he passed with low marks.
Although…………………………………………………………………

17. They were very strict. Nevertheless they allowed their son going to our party.
Despite…………………………………………………………………

18. Fast food may raise health problems. Nevertheless, it is highly consumed.
Much as…………………………………………………………………

19. Genetically modified food has some benefits but it has many risks.

Even though…………………………………………………………………

20. Broadband has many advantages but it is very expensive.

In spite…………………………………………………………………

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

4. CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

Las SUBORDINADAS ADVERBIALES FINALES indican el PROPÓSITO, la FINALIDAD de la acción de la oración principal.

✓ PARA + SUSTANTIVO O PRONOMBRE: FOR

❖ This is for Mary.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
(Esto es para Mary.)

❖ I've bought it for my brother.

(Lo he comprado para mi hermano.)

✓ PARA + VERBO: FOR + V-ing (finalidad de un objeto).

❖ This switch is for starting the engine.

(Este botón es para arrancar el motor.)

✓ TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + verbo en infinitivo

❖ He came to speak.

❖ He came in order to / so as to speak.

(Él vino para hablar.)

* Pero ante un infinitivo negativo: SO AS NOT TO / IN ORDER NOT TO

❖ He left so as not to / in order not to meet them.

(He left not to meet them.)

(Se marchó para no encontrarse con ellos.)

✓ PARA + ORACIÓN: SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT + can / could / will / would

❖ He gave me the key so that / in order that I could open the door.

(Me dio la llave para que pudiera abrir la puerta.)

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. He got up early. He didn't want to miss his flight.

He…………………………………………………………………

2. Bill is leaving now. He doesn't like being late.

Bill…………………………………………………………………

3. This bell reminds me about the cake in the oven.

This bell…………………………………………………………………

Ahorra hoy con ING lo que tu yo disfrutón se gastará en el futuro (mañana)

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

4. This procedure allows you to write a good essay.

This …………………………………………………………………

5. He needed a rest, so he sat down.

He…………………………………………………………………

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
6. She wanted an ice cream, so she went to the supermarket.

She…………………………………………………………………

7. I bought a new car, consequently I could save petrol.

I…………………………………………………………………

8. These actions make you make things right.

These …………………………………………………………………

9. I didn't want to answer the question so I didn't put up my hand.

I…………………………………………………………………

10. He raised his voice because he could be heard.

He…………………………………………………………………

11. He flew to New York. He had a job interview.

He.………………………………………………………………..

12. Bill eats a big breakfast, so he isn't hungry in the morning.

Bill.………………………………………………………………..

13. I don't want to pass my exams with poor marks. I work hard.

I.………………………………………………………………..

14. He's selling his bike because he wants to get a new one.

He.………………………………………………………………..

Compra tus entradas para el festival Música en Grande, del 25 al 27 de junio en Torrelavega.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

15. He carries a mobile phone and so, he keeps in touch with his children.

He..……………………………………………………………….

16. I left work early; consequently I could go on a weekend trip.

I…………………………………………………………………

17. Tom needs relax after work, so he goes jogging.

Tom…………………………………………………………………

18. He keeps his poems in this locked drawer. Nobody can read them.

He.………………………………………………………………..

19. This switch stops the air conditioning.

This.………………………………………………………………..

20. You can make 3D drawings with that program.

That.………………………………………………………………..

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

5. CLAUSES OF RESULT

Las SUBORDINADAS ADVERBIALES CONSECUTIVAS expresan el RESULTADO DE LAS ACCIÓN de la

oración principal.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
✓ so + adjective / adverb + that = tan + adjetivo / adverbio + que

❖ The ice cream was so good that we had another (one).

(El helado era tan bueno que tomamos otro.)

❖ She spoke so fast that I can't understand her.

.

(Ella hablaba tan rápidamente que no la entiendo.)

❖ He works so much that we hardly see him.

(Trabaja tanto que apenas lo vemos.)

❖ There are so many people that we should leave.

(Hay tanta gente que deberíamos marcharnos.)

❖ They were paying so little attention that their father told them off.

(Estaban haciendo tan poco caso que su padre les reprendió.)

❖ There were so few chairs that we kept on standing up.

(Había tan pocas sillas que seguimos de pie.)

✓ such a / an + adjective + singular noun + that = sustantivo singular + tan + adjetivo + que

❖ She's such a nice girl that she's got a lot of friends.

(Es una chica tan agradable que tiene muchos amigos.)

❖ It's such an amazing record that I can't believe it.

(Es un récord tan asombroso que no puedo creerlo.)

❖ Does he walk at such a fast pace that nobody can follow him?

(¿Camina a un ritmo tan rápido que nadie puede seguirle?)

* En el lenguaje literario la construcción, such a(n) + adjective + noun se puede sustituir por:
so + adjective +a(n)+ noun
❖ He is such a good man that anybody takes advantange of him.

❖ He is so good a man that anybody takes advantange of him.

(Es un hombre tan bueno que cualquiera se aprovecha de él.)

✓ such + adjective + plural noun / uncountable noun + that = sustantivo plural / no contable + tan + adjetivo + que
❖ There were such loud noises that he shut the window.

(Había ruidos tan fuertes que cerró la ventana.)

❖ He is in such bad mood that I daren't talk to him.

(Está de tan mal humor que no me atrevo a hablarle.)

Esta Cuenta NoCuenta no te pide nada y tú te exiges mucho, baby

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

✓ such a lot of + uncountable noun / plural noun + that = tanto(s), tanta(s) + sustantivo no contable / sustantivo plural
❖ The boy was seeing such a lot of toys that he couldn't choose one.

(El chico estaba viendo tantos juguetes que no podía elegir uno.)

❖ There's such a lot of smoke that I must leave.

(Hay tanto humo que tengo que irme.)

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
* Aunque esta forma es gramaticalmente correcta, se prefiere la construcción con so much / so many en estos
casos:
❖ The boy was seeing so many toys that he couldn't choose one.

❖ There's so much smoke that I must leave.

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. He is a good man. Everybody loves him.

He..………………………………………………………………....

2. Heavy rain fell. The streets were soon flooded.

Such..………………………………………………………………....

3. He spoke in a very loud voice. Everybody could hear him.

He..………………………………………………………………....

4. I could not speak. I was vey touched.

I..………………………………………………………………....

5. It was a terrible accident. Only few people weren't hurt.

It..………………………………………………………………....
.

6. The house was burnt down. The fire raged strongly.

The fire...………………………………………………………………...

7. The building was finished in a year. They built very fast.

They..………………………………………………………………....

8. The pipes were frozen. It was very cold.

It..………………………………………………………………....

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

9. It is much unexpected. No one could believe it.

It...………………………………………………………………...

10. They played very enthusiastically. The other team was beaten.

They...………………………………………………………………...
.

11. He usually beats his opponents. He is a good darts player.

He..………………………………………………………………....

12. He did great work. He was promoted.

He..………………………………………………………………....

13. He wins all his matches. He plays very energetically.

He..………………………………………………………………....

14. There were a lot of people. I could not find Bob.

There...………………………………………………………………...

15. Tom was having a lot of problems with his car, so he went to the garage.
Tom.……………………………………………………………….....

16. The class was boring. Some of the students began to fall asleep.

It..………………………………………………………………....

17. He had little homework. He forgot it completely.

He..………………………………………………………………....

18. He plays tennis well. He is competing in the Grand Slam.

He..………………………………………………………………....

19. This is good news. I can't believe it.

This...………………………………………………………………...

20. He is good at mathematics. He always passes his exams with an A.

He..………………………………………………………………....

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

6. CLAUSES OF TIME

Las SUBORDINADAS ADVERBIALES DE TIEMPO indican el MOMENTO en que se realiza la acción de la oración principal.

✓ after = después que

✓ as = cuando (simultaneidad)

✓ as soon as = tan pronto como, en cuanto

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
✓ before = antes que

✓ now that = ahora que

✓ once = una vez que

✓ since = desde que

✓ till / until = hasta que

✓ when = cuando

✓ whenever = siempre que

.

✓ while / whilst (UK) = mientras que

❖ Bill phoned after / before you called. (Bill telefoneó después que / antes que llamaras.)

❖ He told it to me as soon as he knew it. (Me lo dijo tan pronto como / en cuanto lo supo.)

❖ Now that we have finished, let's have a coffee. (Ahora que hemos acabado, tomemos un café.)

❖ I'll tell you once I have done it. (Te lo diré una vez que lo haya hecho.)
❖ I haven't seen him since we graduated. (No lo veo desde que nos licenciamos.)
❖ I'll wait till / until you help me. (Esperaré hasta que me ayudes.)

❖ I'll come whenever you call me. (Vendré siempre que me llames.)

❖ Don't disturb me while (whilst) I am working. (No me molestes mientras trabajo.)

*NO se utiliza el futuro detrás de una conjunción de tiempo. Cuando queremos referirnos al futuro utilizamos una oración en

presente detrás de la conjunción.

❖ We’ll send you a postcard when we arrive in Italy. (Te enviaremos una postal cuando lleguemos a Italia.)
❖ As soon as you finish, we’ll leave. (En cuanto acabes, nos iremos.)

*Cuando nos referimos al pasado, utilizamos una oración en pasado simple detrás de la conjunción.
❖ We opened all the windows when we saw the smoke. (Abrimos todas las ventanas cuando vimos el humo.)

* Podemos emplear el pretérito perfecto (have + participio pasado) o pluscuamperfecto (had + participio pasado) con after, as

soon as, till / until y when para enfatizar que la acción temporal estará totalmente acabada antes de que empiece la otra acción.
❖ Don’t leave you desk until you have done your homework completely. (No dejes la mesa hasta que hayas acabado los
deberes completamente.)
❖ He prepared dinner when he had finished talking on the phone.
❖ (Preparó la cena cuando hubo acabado de hablar por teléfono.)

*Con before estos tiempos (pretérito perfecto o pluscuamperfecto) indican que la acción NO está concluida antes de que

empiece la otra acción.

❖ She closed the door before he had talked to her. (Ella cerró la puerta antes de que él hubiera hablado con ella.)
❖ He met this girl before he had finished university. (Conoció a esa chica antes de acabar la universidad.)

Esta Cuenta NoCuenta no te pide nada y tú te exiges mucho, baby

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

✓ as = cuando — indica que la acción de la oración principal ocurre simultáneamente a la de la subordinada

✓ when = cuando — indica el momento en que ocurre la acción de la oración principal; acción acabada
❖ She left the room as I entered. (Ella se marchó de la habitación cuando yo entré.) — al mismo tiempo que yo entraba,
simultaneidad
❖ She left the room when I entered. (Ella se marchó de la habitación cuando yo entré.)— en el momento; acción acabada

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
.

REPHRASING PRACTICE

1. He wants to find a job and then rent a small flat.

Before...……………………………………………………………….... ..

2. When I improve my speaking, I'll go to England.

As soon as...……………………………………………………………….... ..

3. Before you start talking, please listen to me.

After..……………………………………………………………….... ...

4. As soon as I finish reading this report, I'll go to bed.

Before...……………………………………………………………….... ...

5. I normally go out for lunch when I don't have too much work.

Whenever...……………………………………………………………….... ..

6. I won't go to Italy if I don't pass all my exams.

Until..……………………………………………………………….... ...

7. You can't get your driving license before you are 18.

Until...

8. I won't stop searching until I find that book.

After...……………………………………………………………….... ..

9. I'll tell Tom immediately if I see him.

As soon as..……………………………………………………………….... ...

Compra tus entradas para el festival Música en Grande, del 25 al 27 de junio en Torrelavega.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

10. In two months' time I'll be on holiday, then I'll feel more relaxed.

When...……………………………………………………………….... ..

11. When the movie ends, we'll go home.

.
As soon as...……………………………………………………………….... ..

12. Jim closed the door. Then he locked it.

After....……………………………………………………………….... .

13. They rented a car and then they drove to the beach.

After....……………………………………………………………….... .

14. They were having dinner. At that moment their friends showed up.

While....……………………………………………………………….... .

15. There were bargains at Hardy's so she bought a nice dress.

When....……………………………………………………………….... .

16. She was taking a shower. At that moment, the door bell rang.

While...……………………………………………………………….... ..

17. They went to the dining-room and then they had breakfast.

After....………………………………………………………………....

18. He said hello to everyone. After, they said hello to him.

Before...………………………………………………………………....

19. It got late. So, they went to bed.

When...………………………………………………………………....

20. They arrived. Immediately the fireworks show started.

As soon as..………………………………………………………………....

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

ANSWER KEY

CLAUSES OF CAUSE AK
1. the pollution in the air / pollution in the air / pollution / the polluted air / polluted air

2. my favourite actress was ill / she was ill

3. we were (very) tired

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
4. she hasn't won the (Nobel) Prize

5. Although / Though / Even though

6. However

7. however / nevertheless

8. Owing to the fact that there's a lack of evidence, the hacker will probably not be arrested.

9. Owing to the fact that its use was restricted to the military, very few people would use the Internet.

10. As the server crashed, the web site was unavailable.

11. Since there are no restrictions on who can set up a web page, there is a lot of misinformation on

the Web.

12. Owing to the fact that it is great fun, many people spend hours each day on the Internet.

13. As it can discourage their children from socializing, some parents are quite wary of having a computer at

home.

14. As it is expensive to buy a computer, the Internet is actually quite restricted.

15. Since it's very easy to use, it's very popular.

16. Since he had been fired for using pirate software, an ex-employee attacked the server.

17. Due to its fast download speed, Broadband has many advantages.

Ahorra hoy con ING lo que tu yo disfrutón se gastará en el futuro (mañana)

.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

CLAUSES OF COMPARISON AK

1. No lights made it harder to see the name of the street.

2. Lifetime average is third highest in history.

3. Building this house was the weirdest thing I ever did.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
4. Tom is as innocent as a child.

5. You aren't as clever a boy as I thought.

.

6. This is nuttier than jumping off a bridge with a rope tied to your ankles.

7. Jim is our elder brother.

8. He was the greatest left wing quarterback.

9. The Rolling Stones sound less conventional than the Beatles.

10. This is the craziest thing I've ever heard of.

11. I'm not as popular with girls as you are.

12. He is working harder than he has ever worked.

13. Haven't you got a sweater larger than this?

14. He speaks more fluently than last year.

15. I want a box twice as long as this one.

16. This is the greatest thing I've ever seen.

17. Simulation exercises are more interesting for the teacher than for the pupils.

18. She is happier now than yesterday.

19. Our team played worse than ever.

20. Now he drives more slowly than he used to before the accident.

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

CLAUSES OF CONTRAST AK

1. Despite being much criticised, he kept on behaving the way he used to.

2. Even though it is very popular, a lot of people do not know how to use the Internet.

3. In spite of its many advantages, studying on the Internet may not always be as effective as face to face

study.

4. Although Bob had a considerable amount of experience, the job went to a junior colleague.

5. Although the job market was difficult last summer, Bill got a job soon after graduation.

6. No matter how positive the impression he made during the interview, he wasn't offered a permanent job. 7.

Her writing style is elegant while her power of description is limited.

8. Even though the screen size is very small, a lot of people prefer a PDA to a desk computer. 9.
.

Despite having very good qualifications, she wasn't offered very high wages.

10. Despite suffering from a heavy cold, Bob did his best in the final examination.

11. For all that tourism has negative aspects, it employs ten percent of the world's population.

12. Even though I had practised for hours, my first tennis ball ended up in the net.

13. Although Bob can tell you the end of the movie, he won’t.

14. Though tourism provides huge incomes, it can also bring a lot of problems.

15. Despite its quality their product did not sell really well.

16. Although Bob studied hard for two semesters, he passed with low marks.

17. Despite being very strict they allowed their son going to our party.

18. Much as fast food may raise health problems, it is highly consumed.

19. Even though genetically modified food has some benefits, it has many risks.

20. In spite of the fact that broadband has many advantages, it is very expensive.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE AK

1. He got up early in order not to miss his flight.

2. Bill is leaving now so as not to be late.

3. This bell is for reminding me about the cake in the oven.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
4. This is the procedure for writing a good essay.

5. He sat down to rest.

6. She went to the supermarket for an ice cream.

.

7. I bought a new car so that I could save petrol.

8. These are the actions for making things right.

9. I didn't put my hand up so as not to answer the question.

10. He raised his voice so that he could be heard.

11. He flew to New York for a job interview.

12. Bill eats a big breakfast so as not to be hungry in the morning.

13. I work hard so as not to pass my exams with poor marks.

14. He's selling his bike to get a new one.

15. He carries a mobile phone to keep in touch with his children.

16. I left work early so that I could go on a weekend trip.

17. Tom goes jogging to relax after work.

18. He keeps his poems in this locked drawer so that nobody can read them.

19. This switch is for stopping the air conditioning.

20. That program is for making 3D drawings.

Ven a disfrutar de la mejor música en Hoky Music - 18 de julio en Santander - Compra tus entradas
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

CLAUSES OF RESULT AK

1. He is such a good man that everybody loves him.

2. Such heavy rain fell that the streets were soon flooded.

3. He spoke in such a loud voice that everybody could hear him.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
4. I was so touched that I could not speak.

5. It was such a terrible accident that only few people weren't hurt.

6. The fire raged so strongly that the house was burnt down.

7. They built so fast that the building was finished in a year.

8. It was so cold that the pipes were frozen.

9. It is so unexpected that no one could believe it.

10. They played so enthusiastically that the other team was beaten.

11. He is such a good darts player that he usually beats his opponents.

12. He did such great work that he was promoted.

13. He plays so energetically that he wins all his matches.

14. There were such a lot of people that I could not find Bob.

15. Tom was having such a lot of problems with his car that he went to the garage.

16. It was such a boring class that some of the students began to falLasleep.

17. He had such little homework that he forgot it completely.

18. He plays tennis so well that he is competing in the Grand Slam.

19. This is such good news that I can't believe it.

.

20. He is so good at mathematics that he always passes his exams with an A.

Sabemos que compras online cuando estás en clase y desde ING queremos decirte algo: te lo mereces
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-10163656

CLAUSES OF TIME AK

1. Before renting a small flat, he wants to find a job.

2. As soon as I improve my speaking, I'll go to England.

3. After you listen to me, start talking.

.

4. Before I go to bed, I'll finish reading this report.

5. Whenever I don't have too much work, I normally go out for lunch.

6. Until I pass all my exams, I won't go to Italy.

7. Until you are 18, you can't get your driving license.

8. After I find that book, I'll stop searching.

9. As soon as I see Tom, I'll tell him.

10. When I am on holiday in two months' time, I'll feel more relaxed.

11. As soon as the movie ends, we'll go home.

12. After Jim closed the door, he locked it.

13. After they rented a car, they drove to the beach.

14. While they were having dinner, their friends showed up.

15. When there were bargains at Hardy's, she bought a nice dress.

16. While she was taking a shower, the door bell rang.

17. After they went to the dining-room, they had breakfast.

18. Before everyone said hello to him, he said hello to them.

19. When it got late, they went to bed.

20. As soon as they arrived, the fireworks show started.

Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.