Designed By: Abdul Mosan Bashir Cell: 03485633565
Title: 5th Class Science Notes
Subject: Science
Chapters: Full Book Short Questions
According to New Scheme of Study 2025-2026
Prepared by: Abdul Mosan Bashir ([Link] +
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Email: mosanbashir786@[Link]
Designed By: Abdul Mosan Bashir Cell: 03485633565
CHAPTER 01
1. What are different types of blood cells?
Red blood cells – Carry oxygen.
White blood cells – Fight infections.
Platelets – Help in clotting.
2. What is the function of platelets?
Stop bleeding by forming clots.
3. What is plasma?
Liquid part of blood, carries nutrients and waste.
4. Define the term response.
How the body reacts to a stimulus.
5. What are the functions of the five senses?
Sight – See.
Hearing – Hear.
Touch – Feel.
Taste – Taste.
Smell – Smell.
Differentiate between:
1. Arteries and veins.
Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Veins: Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
2. Information and response.
Information: Data received by the body.
Response: How the body reacts to that data.
3. Inhalation and exhalation.
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Inhalation: Breathing in oxygen.
Exhalation: Breathing out carbon dioxide.
4. Lungs and heart.
Lungs: Help in breathing.
Heart: Pumps blood.
5. Red blood cells and white blood cells.
Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen.
White Blood Cells: Fight infections.
CHAPTER 02
1. What are microorganisms?
Tiny living things that can't be seen without a microscope.
2. Which diseases are caused by viruses?
Flu, COVID-19, measles, dengue, and AIDS.
3. What are germs or pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause diseases.
4. What are decomposers?
Organisms that break down dead plants and animals.
5. Why should we wear a mask?
To prevent the spread of germs and protect from diseases.
C. Differentiate between:
1. Contagious diseases and non-contagious diseases.
Contagious: Spread from person to person (e.g., flu, COVID-19).
Non-contagious: Do not spread (e.g., diabetes, cancer).
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2. Yeast and mushroom.
Yeast: Unicellular fungus used in baking.
Mushroom: Multicellular fungus, some are edible.
3. Wound and infection.
Wound: Physical injury or cut.
Infection: When germs enter and cause illness.
4. COVID-19 and diabetes.
COVID-19: Viral disease, spreads through air.
Diabetes: Non-infectious, affects blood sugar levels.
5. Waterborne diseases and foodborne diseases.
Waterborne: Spread through contaminated water (e.g., cholera).
Foodborne: Spread through contaminated food (e.g., food poisoning).
CHAPTER 03
1. Define the term 'ecosystem'.
A system where living and non-living things interact.
2. What is a food web?
A network of connected food chains in an ecosystem.
3. What is a food chain?
A sequence showing how energy flows from one organism to another.
4. What is global warming?
The rise in Earth's temperature due to pollution.
5. What is predation?
When one animal (predator) hunts and eats another (prey).
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C. Differentiate between:
1. Pollution and pollutant.
Pollution: Harmful changes in the environment.
Pollutant: Substances that cause pollution.
2. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.
Biodegradable: Breaks down naturally (e.g., paper).
Non-biodegradable: Does not break down easily (e.g., plastic).
3. Abiotic and biotic components.
Abiotic: Non-living parts of an ecosystem (e.g., water, soil).
Biotic: Living organisms (e.g., plants, animals).
4. Prey and predator.
Prey: The animal that gets hunted.
Predator: The animal that hunts.
5. Producer and consumer.
Producer: Makes its own food (e.g., plants).
Consumer: Eats other organisms (e.g., animals).
CHAPTER 04
1. What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
2. What are three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
3. What is decaying?
The breakdown of dead things by bacteria and fungi.
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4. What do you mean by change in states of matter?
When matter changes from one state to another (e.g., ice melting into water).
5. What are decomposers?
Organisms that break down dead plants and animals (e.g., fungi, bacteria).
C. Differentiate between:
1. Solid and liquid.
Solid: Has a fixed shape and volume.
Liquid: Has a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
2. Physical change and chemical change.
Physical change: No new substance is formed (e.g., melting ice).
Chemical change: A new substance is formed (e.g., rusting iron).
3. Heating and cooling.
Heating: Increases temperature, can change solid to liquid or gas.
Cooling: Decreases temperature, can change gas to liquid or solid.
4. Rusting and burning.
Rusting: Slow process where iron reacts with air and water.
Burning: Fast process that produces heat, light, and ash.
CHAPTER 05
1. Which materials allow all light to pass through them?
Transparent materials (e.g., glass, clear water).
2. What is noise?
Unwanted or unpleasant sound.
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3. Does light only travel in a straight line, or can it bend?
Light travels in a straight line but can bend when passing through different mediums
(refraction).
4. How is sound produced?
Sound is produced by vibrations.
C. Differentiate between:
1. Natural sources of light and artificial sources of light.
Natural: Sun, fireflies.
Artificial: Bulbs, candles.
2. Luminous and non-luminous objects.
Luminous: Emit their own light (e.g., sun, lamp).
Non-luminous: Do not emit light (e.g., moon, table).
3. Pleasant sound and unpleasant sound.
Pleasant sound: Soft, musical (e.g., melody).
Unpleasant sound: Harsh, noisy (e.g., traffic noise).
4. Light and sound.
Light: Travels faster, does not need a medium.
Sound: Travels slower, needs a medium like air or water.
CHAPTER 06
1. What is electric current?
The flow of electric charge through a wire.
2. What is a magnetic compass?
A device with a needle that points north using Earth's magnetism.
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3. What is the difference between a magnet and a magnetic material?
Magnet: Produces its own magnetic field.
Magnetic material: Attracted by a magnet but does not produce its own magnetism.
C. Differentiate between:
1. Cell and battery.
Cell: A single unit that produces electricity.
Battery: A group of cells connected together.
2. Bulb and switch.
Bulb: Produces light when electricity flows.
Switch: Controls the flow of electricity.
3. Proton and electron.
Proton: Positively charged, found in the nucleus.
Electron: Negatively charged, orbits the nucleus.
CHAPTER 07
1. What is a spirit level?
A tool used to check if a surface is level or straight.
2. What is a footbridge?
A small bridge for people to walk across.
3. What is the use of a bookshelf?
To store and organize books.
4. What does LED stand for?
Light Emitting Diode.
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5. What are the three steps of an earthquake drill?
Drop – Get down on your hands and knees.
Cover – Protect your head and neck under a sturdy object.
Hold – Stay in place until the shaking stops.
CHAPTER 08
1. What does the internal structure of the Earth consist of?
Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
2. What is a crater?
A bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.
3. Define the term volcano.
A mountain that releases magma, gases, and ash from the Earth's crust.
4. What are tectonic plates?
Large moving pieces of the Earth's crust.
5. Compare the temperature of the crust, mantle, and core.
Crust: Coolest.
Mantle: Hotter.
Core: Hottest.
C. Differentiate between:
1. Crust and mantle.
Crust: Outer, thin, and solid layer.
Mantle: Thick layer beneath the crust, made of molten rock.
2. Fault and fault line.
Fault: A break in the Earth's crust.
Designed By: Abdul Mosan Bashir Cell: 03485633565
Fault line: The visible crack where movement occurs.
3. Inner core and outer core.
Inner core: Solid and made of iron and nickel.
Outer core: Liquid and surrounds the inner core.
4. Magma and lava.
Magma: Molten rock inside the Earth.
Lava: Molten rock that reaches the Earth's surface.
CHAPTER 09
1. What is soil?
The top layer of Earth where plants grow.
2. What is soil pollution?
The contamination of soil by harmful substances.
3. What is seismology?
The study of earthquakes and seismic waves.
4. What is general soil composition?
Minerals, organic matter, water, and air.
5. What is a mineral?
A natural, solid substance found in rocks.
C. Differentiate between:
1. Topsoil and subsoil.
Topsoil: Upper layer, rich in nutrients.
Subsoil: Below topsoil, has fewer nutrients.
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2. Clay and sand.
Clay: Small particles, holds water.
Sand: Large particles, drains water quickly.
3. Loam and silt.
Loam: Mix of sand, silt, and clay, best for plants.
Silt: Fine particles, smooth texture.
4. Organic matter and humus.
Organic matter: Decaying plant and animal material.
Humus: Fully decomposed organic matter, very rich in nutrients.
5. Seismologist and paleontologist.
Seismologist: Studies earthquakes.
Paleontologist: Studies fossils and ancient life.
CHAPTER 10
1. Planet and satellite.
Planet: A large body that orbits a star (e.g., Earth).
Satellite: An object that orbits a planet (e.g., Moon).
2. Artificial satellite and natural satellite.
Artificial Satellite: Man-made, orbits Earth for communication, research, etc. (e.g., GPS
satellites).
Natural Satellite: Naturally occurring, orbits a planet (e.g., Moon).
D. Answer the following questions briefly:
1. What does NASA stand for?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
2. Define artificial satellite.
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A man-made object placed in orbit around Earth or another planet.
3. Define natural satellite.
A celestial body that naturally orbits a planet (e.g., Moon).
4. What is space?
The vast, empty region beyond Earth’s atmosphere.
5. What does SUPARCO stand for?
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Pakistan's space agency).
THE END