4.
FUNCTION GENENRATOR USING OP AMP 741
Aim: 1. To design and study the Wien Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp 741
2. To design and study the square wave and triangular generator using Op Amp 741
Apparatus:
1. CRO
2. Dual Regulated Power Supply
Components:
1. Resistors.
2. Capacitors
3. IC 741
4. Connecting Wires
5. Probes
6. Bread board
Theory:
Commonly used audio frequency oscillator is a Wien bridge oscillator. It may be
noted that the feedback signal in this circuit is connected to the non inverting input terminal
so that the op amp is working as non inverting amplifier. Therefore, the feedback network
need not provide any phase shift. The condition of zero phase shift around the circuit is
achieved by balancing the bridge.
Let us consider that the output of the comparator A1 is at +Vsat. The output of the
integrator A2 will be a negative going ramp as shown in the circuit. Thus one end of the
voltage divider R2R3 is at a voltage +Vsat and the other at the negative going ramp of A2. At
a time t=t1, when the negative going ramp attains a value of –Vramp, the effective voltage
at the point P becomes slightly less than 0V. This switches the output of A1 from positive
saturation to negative saturation level –Vsat. During the time when the output of A1 is at –
Vsat, the output of A2 increases in the positive direction. And at the instant t=t2, the voltage
at the point P becomes just above 0V, thereby switching the output of A1 from –Vsat to
+Vsat. This cycle repeats and generates a triangular waveform. It can be seen that the
frequency of the square wave and triangular wave will be the same. However, the
amplitude of the triangular wave depends upon the RC value of the integrator A2 and the
output voltage level of A1. The output voltage of A1 can be set to the desired level by using
appropriate zener diodes.
Procedure:
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Wien Bridge Oscillator:
1. Construct the circuit as shown in the figure.
2. Adjust the potentiometer Rf such that an output wave form is obtained.
3. Calculate the output wave form frequency and peak to peak voltage.
4. Compare the theoretical and practical values of the output waveform frequency.
Square wave and Triangular Wave generator:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure
2. For different values of R3, note down the Amplitude, Time period of square and
triangular waveform at output1 and output2 respectively.
3. Compare the theoretical and practical values.
4. Plot the square and triangular waveform.
Result:
Hence, the function generator circuit is designed and studied using op amp 741 and
its output is verified.
Viva Voice:
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1. How do you vary the frequency and amplitude of different waveforms obtained from function
generator?
2. What are the different types of function generators IC’s?
3. What type of output waveforms is obtained from function generator?
4. What is the advantage of using Op Amp as an oscillator?
5. Why do we call sine to square wave converter as zero crossing detector?
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Circuit Diagram:
Square and Triangular wave generator
Design:
Wien Bridge Oscillator:
Gain required for sustained oscillation is Av = 1/β = 3
(Pass band Gain) (i.e.) 1+Rf/R1 = 3
Rf = 2R1
Let R1 = 10 KΩ and Rf = 2 * 10 KΩ
Frequency of Oscillation fo = 1/2π R C
(Say) fo = 1 KHz
Let C = 0.05 m F
R = 1/2 π foC
R = 3.2 KΩ
Square wave and triangular wave generator:
Model Wave forms:
V
V i
i 11
t
t i
i
Observations:
Tabular Column:
Square Waveform Triangular Waveform
R3 Theoretical Practical
[Link] Amplitude Vo in Volts Amplitude Vo in Volts
(KΩ) T(ms) T(ms)
Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
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