CE 310-CE32S5 - Principles of

Transporta!on Engineering
 1.0 Introduc!on to

Transporta!on Engineering

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1.0 Introduc!on to
Transporta!on
Engineering

Introduc!on to the Topic:

Highways, railroads and different kind of

transporta!on have all played a major role in the
development of the society ever since. Til today,
these modes of transporta!on have all con!nued to
provide and be a cri!cal aspect of a developing
civiliza!on.

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. ) Define transporta!on and its importance

2. ) Learn the different modes of transporta!on, its
characteris!cs.

TRANSPORTATION - movement of people and/or

goods from one place to another.

Transporta!on Engineering
Defined as the applica!on of technology and
scien!fic principles to the planning, func!onal design,
opera!on and management of facili!es for any mode
of transporta!on. Its main purpose is to provide the
safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and
environmentally compa!ble movement of people and
goods.

A transporta!on system consists of:

Fixed Facili!es - physical components of the

system that are fixed in space and cons!tute
the network of links and nodes.
Flow En!!es - units that traverse the fixed
facili!es.
Control System - vehicle control; flow control

Transporta!on system is con!nuous

planning, a part of overall regional and na!onal
transporta!on structure. The prime determinant of
trip genera!on ac!vity is land use. Planning involves
short term and long term goals.

Short Term - less complex, has no great

demand on construc!on ac!vi!es,
concerned with obtaining maximum
capacity or op!mal opera!on from exis!ng
facili!es
Long Term - comprehensive and strategic
transporta!on planning, very complex,
needs huge financial expenditure, involves
large and extensive construc!on programs,
policy making is carefully constructed by
the mul!-level government and
administra!on involved, and best solved
using systems approach.

System Approach

different collabora!on from different branches

involved and strategies for the achievement of
an objec!ve.
clear evalua!on of the combina!ons of all the
elements of problem.

System Engineering

organizing and scheduling the complex

strategies to solve the problem and
development of procedures.
tackling the problem considering all the
facets of it
working as per predetermined sequence
scien!fic decision

Elements of Long Term Transporta!on Planning

demand forecast
economic, social and environmental changes
evalua!on of the whole system in terms of the
advantages and disadvantages

General Phases of Transporta!on Engineering

Planning
Design
Construc!on
Opera!ons
Maintenance

Func!onal Classifica!on of Highways

Highways are classified based upon two primary

func!ons:

Mobility - con!nuous, high speed travel

Accessibility - direct access to abu#ng property

Current Transporta!on Challenges:

Conges!on - the worsening traffic in Metro Manila

now costs P3.5 billion in lost opportuni!es per
day, highligh!ng the need for new and modern
infrastructure to ease conges!on.
Safety - 334 reported accidents per day, with one
resul!ng in fatality, 56 being non-fatal, and 276
leading to damages to property (2019)
Infrastructure - At the beginning of 2009, the
country’s road system totaled 205,778 kilometers
(km), na!onal roads comprised 14.4%. About 72%
of na!onal roads are paved with asphalt and/or
concrete; only 22% of local roads are paved. The
coverage and quality of the Philippine road system
may be characterized as poor.

Transporta!on Funding

In 2017, the Duterte Administra!on launched the

ambi!ous $180 billion “Build, Build, Build” (BBB)
Program to address the na!on’s moun!ng
infrastructure challenges. The ini!a!ve ini!ally
designated 75 projects valued at $48 billion as
flagship projects. These included big-!cket rail,
airport, road, and bridge projects across the na!on. a
However, a July 2019 review indicated that only two
projects had been completed, and that only 21
projects were expected to be completed by 2022.

Out of the 73 transport and mobility projects, 32 will

be funded by development aid, with only 16 to be
financed through government funds. There are 25 PPP
projects, 15 of which are unsolicited proposals. It
should be noted that there are unsolicited PPP
proposals, especially on airport projects, that are being
reviewed and revised by the project proponents in
view of the effects of the COVID pandemic.

Transporta!on Agencies

Department of Transporta!on (DOTr) has sectoral and

a%ached agencies, these are:

Sectoral Offices:

The Land Transporta!on Office (LTO)

Land Transporta!on Franchising And Regulatory
Board (LTFRB)
Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

A#ached Agencies:

Office For Transporta!on Security (OTS)

Civil Avia!on Authority Of The Philippines
Manila Interna!onal Airport Authority
Clark Interna!onal Airport Corpora!on
Civil Aeronau!cs Board (CAB)
Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)
Office Of Transport Coopera!ves (OTC)
Philippine Na!onal Railways (PNR)
Light Rail Transit Transit Authority (LRTA)
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Mari!me Industry Authority (MARINA)

Transporta!on System
Diverse characteris!cs

Mul!-modal: Covering all modes of transport; air,

land, and sea for both passenger and freight.
Mul!-sector: Encompassing the problems and
viewpoints of government, private industry, and
public.
Mul!-problem: Ranging across a spectrum of issues
that includes na!onal and interna!onal policy,
planning of regional system, the loca!on and
design of specific facili!es, carrier management
issues,
regulatory, ins!tu!onal and financial policies.
Mul!-objec!ve: Aiming at na!onal and regional
economic development, urban development,
environment
quality, and social quality, as well as service to
users and financial and economic feasibility.
Mul!-disciplinary: Drawing on the theories and
methods of engineering, economics, opera!ons
research,
poli!cal science, psychology, other natural, and
social sciences, management and law.

Major Disciplines of Transporta!on

Transporta!on engineering can be broadly consis!ng

of the four major parts:
1. Transporta!on Planning
2. Geometric Design
3. Pavement Design
4. Traffic Engineering

Other important disciplines:

Public transporta!on: Public transporta!on or

mass transporta!on deals with study of the
transporta!on
system that meets the travel need of several
people by sharing a vehicle.
Financial and economic analysis: Transporta!on
facili!es require large capital investments.
Therefore
it is impera!ve that who ever invests money
should get the returns.
Environmental impact assessment: The deple!on
of fossil fuels and the degrada!on of the
environment
has been a severe concern of the planners in the
past few decades. Transporta!on; in spite of its
benefits
to the society is a major contributor to the above
concern.
Accident analysis and reduc!on: One of the silent
killers of humanity is transporta!on. Several
sta!s!cs evaluates that more people are killed due
to transporta!on than great wars and natural
disasters.
Intelligent transport system: With advent to
computers, communica!on, and vehicle
technology, it is
possible in these days to operate transporta!on
system much effec!vely with significant reduc!on
in the
adverse impacts of transporta!on.

Different Modes of Transporta!on

1. ) Roadways - from the name itself, this is a mode

of transporta!on on land. Roadway systems
include a large variety of interconnected ways to
transport different kind of goods and people. This
includes small streets, to feeder roads, small roads,
providing ways for all vehicles and pedestrians.
2. ) Railways - these are steel tracks that are
constructed on the ground, used by the trains.
Railways have been used for a very long !me to
transport large amount of goods and people from
and to different places in the world. Railways are
more advantageous for places that are way too far,
an example of this is the PNR, or the Philippine
Na!onal Railways. PNR provides trips from
Northern Manila to Bicol.
3. ) Waterways - this mode of transporta!on u!lizes
canals, rivers, lakes up to oceans for the movement
of goods and cargo, and large number of people.
Transporta!on using waterways is possible
through ports, terminals along lakes and rivers.
Though it is the slowest type of transporta!on, it
is the most efficient since the rela!ve amount of
power to the amount of loads, goods and services
waterway transporta!on provide is much lower.
4. ) Airways - the fastest and safest, provides more
comfort, but cost so much more than the other
ways of transporta!on.
5. ) Pipelines - this mode of transporta!on is
specifically designed for goods such as water,
crude, oil and petroleum gas.

VIDEO DISCUSSION/EXAMPLES:

(link a%er mee!ng)

End of Discussion.

See a%ached lecture:

Reference:

Highway Engineering, Khanna, S.K., Justo, C.E.G,

2011

Urban Transporta!on Planning, Opera!on and

Management: Victor, D. Johnson, Ponnuswamy, S.,
Tata McGraw Hill Educa!on Private Limited 2012

For more references, kindly check TIP Online

Resources

TIP Library

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