NCTB MATHEMATICS

Complete Study Guide

Class 5 to Class 10
All Topics • Step-by-Step Order • Importance Ratings

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

⭐⭐⭐ High Priority — Do these first, most important for SSC

⭐⭐ Medium Priority — Important, study after high priority
⭐ Foundation — Quick read, builds base for later topics

Tick the [ ] Done box after completing each chapter.

Your 6-Month Study Roadmap
You have 5 Math books covering Class 5 to 10. This guide lists EVERY chapter and subtopic from all
books in the exact order you should study them. Follow this from top to bottom without skipping.

Phase Duration Books Goal

Phase 1 Weeks 1–4 Class 5 Fast pass — plug basic gaps
Phase 2 Weeks 5–12 Class 6, 7, 8 Build the real foundation
Phase 3 Weeks 13–24 Class 9–10 SSC-level mastery + board
prep
PHASE 1 — Class 5 Mathematics
Go through this book quickly. The goal is to plug any gaps in basic arithmetic before moving to Class 6.
Spend about 3–4 days per chapter.

Class 5 Ch 1: Multiplication ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 1.1 Method of Multiplication (multi-digit numbers)

◦ Multiplying 3–4 digit numbers by 3 digit numbers
◦ Understanding multiplicand × multiplier = product
• 1.2 Multiplication of larger numbers (e.g. 8536 × 972)
• 1.3 Word problems using multiplication
• Exercises: Practice 12–15 problems until fast and accurate

Class 5 Ch 2: Division ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 2.1 Long division method with 4–5 digit dividends

• 2.2 Division with remainder
• 2.3 Relationship between multiplication and division
• 2.4 Word problems involving division

Class 5 Ch 3: Problems of Four Basic Operations ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 3.1 Mixed problems using +, −, ×, ÷ together

• 3.2 BODMAS / order of operations
• 3.3 Real-life word problems with all four operations
• 3.4 Problems with brackets

Class 5 Ch 4: Mathematical Symbols ⭐ [ ] Done

• 4.1 Understanding <, >, =, ≤, ≥ symbols

• 4.2 Comparing numbers using symbols
• 4.3 Writing number sentences with symbols

Class 5 Ch 5: Multiples and Factors ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 5.1 Factors of a number — finding all factors

• 5.2 Multiples of a number
• 5.3 Prime numbers and composite numbers
 • 5.4 Prime factorization
• 5.5 HCF (Highest Common Factor) — finding by listing and by prime factorization
• 5.6 LCM (Lowest Common Multiple) — finding by listing and by prime factorization
• 5.7 Using HCF and LCM in word problems

Class 5 Ch 6: Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 6.1 Types of fractions: proper, improper, mixed

• 6.2 Converting mixed numbers to improper fractions and back
• 6.3 Equivalent fractions — simplifying to lowest terms
• 6.4 Comparing fractions with different denominators
• 6.5 Addition of fractions (same and different denominators)
• 6.6 Subtraction of fractions
• 6.7 Multiplication of fractions
• 6.8 Division of fractions
• 6.9 Word problems with fractions

Class 5 Ch 7: Decimal Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 7.1 Place value in decimals (tenths, hundredths, thousandths)

• 7.2 Converting fractions to decimals and back
• 7.3 Comparing and ordering decimals
• 7.4 Addition and subtraction of decimals
• 7.5 Multiplication of decimals
• 7.6 Division of decimals
• 7.7 Word problems with decimals

Class 5 Ch 8: Average ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 8.1 Concept of average (arithmetic mean)

• 8.2 Calculating average of a set of numbers
• 8.3 Finding missing value when average is given
• 8.4 Real-life average problems

Class 5 Ch 9: Percentage ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 9.1 Meaning of percent (per hundred)

• 9.2 Converting fractions and decimals to percentages
• 9.3 Finding percentage of a number
• 9.4 Converting percentage back to fraction/decimal
• 9.5 Word problems: discount, profit, loss using %
Class 5 Ch 10: Geometry ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 10.1 Points, lines, line segments, rays

• 10.2 Types of angles: acute, right, obtuse, straight, reflex
• 10.3 Triangles: types by sides and angles
• 10.4 Quadrilaterals: square, rectangle, parallelogram
• 10.5 Perimeter of shapes
• 10.6 Area of rectangles and squares

Class 5 Ch 11: Measurement ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 11.1 Units of length: mm, cm, m, km — conversions

• 11.2 Units of mass: g, kg, ton — conversions
• 11.3 Units of capacity: ml, L — conversions
• 11.4 Word problems with measurement and unit conversion

Class 5 Ch 12: Time ⭐ [ ] Done

• 12.1 Reading 12-hour and 24-hour time

• 12.2 Calculating elapsed time (duration)
• 12.3 Converting between seconds, minutes, hours, days
• 12.4 Calendar problems

Class 5 Ch 13: Data Arrangement ⭐ [ ] Done

• 13.1 Collecting and organizing data in tables

• 13.2 Reading and drawing bar charts
• 13.3 Interpreting pictograms

Class 5 Ch 14: Calculator and Computer ⭐ [ ] Done

• 14.1 Using a calculator for arithmetic operations

• 14.2 Basic introduction to computers (awareness level)
PHASE 2 — Class 6 Mathematics
This is where algebra begins. Take your time here, especially Chapters 4 and 5. Every chapter here
directly connects to Class 9–10.

Class 6 Ch 1: Natural Numbers and Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 1.1 Enumeration: national and international number systems

◦ Reading and writing numbers in different systems
◦ Understanding place value up to millions/billions
• 1.2 Prime, composite and co-prime numbers
◦ Identifying prime numbers using the Sieve of Eratosthenes
◦ Co-prime (relatively prime) numbers — what they are
• 1.3 Divisibility rules for 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10
◦ Applying rules to quickly test divisibility without dividing
• 1.4 HCF of common fractions and decimal fractions
◦ HCF by prime factorization method
◦ HCF by continuous division method
• 1.5 LCM of common fractions and decimal fractions
◦ LCM by prime factorization method
• 1.6 Simplifying fractions using HCF and LCM
◦ Addition and subtraction of fractions using LCM
◦ Complex fraction simplification

Class 6 Ch 2: Ratios and Percentages ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 2.1 Concept of ratio: a:b notation

• 2.2 Simplifying ratios
• 2.3 Equivalent ratios
• 2.4 Dividing a quantity in a given ratio
• 2.5 Proportion: direct and inverse
• 2.6 Unitary method (one unit value method)
• 2.7 Percentages: converting between %, fraction, decimal
• 2.8 Profit and loss calculations
◦ Cost price, selling price, profit, loss formulas
◦ Profit % and loss % word problems
• 2.9 Simple interest (introduction)

Class 6 Ch 3: Integers ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 3.1 Negative numbers — concept and real-life meaning

 • 3.2 Number line: positive and negative integers
• 3.3 Absolute value (modulus) of integers
• 3.4 Comparing and ordering integers
• 3.5 Addition of integers (same and different signs)
• 3.6 Subtraction of integers
• 3.7 Multiplication of integers — sign rules (+×+ = +, +×− = −, etc.)
• 3.8 Division of integers — sign rules
• 3.9 Mixed operations with integers

Class 6 Ch 4: Algebraic Expressions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 4.1 Variables, constants, coefficients — what each means

• 4.2 Terms: monomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial
• 4.3 Writing algebraic expressions from word descriptions
• 4.4 Like and unlike terms
• 4.5 Addition and subtraction of algebraic expressions
• 4.6 Multiplication of algebraic expressions
◦ Monomial × monomial
◦ Monomial × polynomial
◦ Binomial × binomial (FOIL method)
• 4.7 Substitution: finding value of expression when x = some number

Class 6 Ch 5: Simple Equations ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 5.1 What is an equation? LHS = RHS

• 5.2 Solving one-step equations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing)
• 5.3 Solving two-step equations
• 5.4 Solving equations with variables on both sides
• 5.5 Word problems — converting sentences to equations and solving

Class 6 Ch 6: Basic Concepts of Geometry ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 6.1 Points, lines, line segments, rays — precise definitions

• 6.2 Types of angles and measuring with protractor
• 6.3 Adjacent, complementary, supplementary angles
• 6.4 Vertically opposite angles
• 6.5 Transversal cutting parallel lines — alternate, co-interior, corresponding angles
• 6.6 Triangles: angle sum property (always 180°)
• 6.7 Exterior angle theorem

Class 6 Ch 7: Practical Geometry ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

 • 7.1 Constructing perpendicular bisector of a line segment
• 7.2 Constructing angle bisector
• 7.3 Constructing 60°, 90°, 120° angles without a protractor
• 7.4 Constructing triangles given: 3 sides (SSS), 2 sides + angle (SAS), 2 angles + side (ASA)

Class 6 Ch 8: Information and Data ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 8.1 Types of data: primary vs secondary

• 8.2 Frequency distribution tables
• 8.3 Bar graphs and histograms — drawing and interpreting
• 8.4 Line graphs
• 8.5 Mean, median, mode — calculating each
PHASE 2 (cont.) — Class 7 Mathematics
This book deepens algebra significantly and introduces key geometry theorems. Chapters 4, 5, and 9
are critical — SSC algebra is built on these.

Class 7 Ch 1: Rational and Irrational Numbers ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 1.1 Rational numbers: definition and examples (p/q form)

• 1.2 Irrational numbers: √2, √3, π — cannot be written as p/q
• 1.3 Representing rational numbers on number line
• 1.4 Properties of rational numbers (closure, commutative, associative, distributive)
• 1.5 Operations on rational numbers: +, −, ×, ÷
• 1.6 Comparison and ordering of rational numbers
• 1.7 Square roots: perfect squares and non-perfect squares
• 1.8 Cube roots

Class 7 Ch 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 2.1 Continued proportion

• 2.2 Direct proportion problems (more → more)
• 2.3 Inverse proportion problems (more → less)
• 2.4 Profit and loss — detailed word problems
◦ Finding CP when SP and profit% are given
◦ Finding SP when CP and loss% are given
• 2.5 Discount: marked price, discount%, selling price
• 2.6 VAT (Value Added Tax) problems
• 2.7 Commission problems

Class 7 Ch 3: Measurement ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 3.1 Area of triangles using different formulas

◦ Area = ½ × base × height
◦ Heron's formula (when all 3 sides given)
• 3.2 Area of parallelogram and trapezium
• 3.3 Area of circle: πr²
• 3.4 Circumference of circle: 2πr
• 3.5 Volume of cuboid and cube
• 3.6 Surface area of cuboid and cube

Class 7 Ch 4: Multiplication and Division of ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

 Algebraic Expressions

• 4.1 Multiplying polynomials: (a+b)(c+d) expansion

• 4.2 Important algebraic identities:
◦ (a+b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
◦ (a−b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
◦ (a+b)(a−b) = a² − b²
◦ (a+b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³
◦ (a−b)³ = a³ − 3a²b + 3ab² − b³
• 4.3 Factorization by common factor
• 4.4 Factorization by grouping
• 4.5 Factorization using algebraic identities (difference of squares, perfect square)
• 4.6 Division of algebraic expressions

Class 7 Ch 5: Algebraic Formulae and Applications ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 5.1 Using identities to evaluate expressions without full calculation

◦ Example: find 101² using (100+1)² = 10201
• 5.2 Factorizing quadratic expressions: ax² + bx + c
• 5.3 Applications: finding values like a²+b², a³+b³ when a+b and ab are given
• 5.4 Important results: a²+b² = (a+b)² − 2ab, a³+b³ = (a+b)(a²−ab+b²)

Class 7 Ch 6: Algebraic Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 6.1 Simplifying algebraic fractions (cancel common factors)

• 6.2 Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
• 6.3 Multiplication and division of algebraic fractions
• 6.4 Compound algebraic fractions

Class 7 Ch 7: Simple Equations ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 7.1 Solving equations with fractions and decimals

• 7.2 Equations leading to identities or contradictions
• 7.3 Word problems: age problems, number problems, geometry problems
• 7.4 Setting up and solving two-step word problems

Class 7 Ch 8: Parallel Straight Lines ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 8.1 Properties of parallel lines

• 8.2 Corresponding angles (equal when lines are parallel)
• 8.3 Alternate interior angles (equal when lines are parallel)
 • 8.4 Co-interior (same-side interior) angles (supplementary)
• 8.5 Proving lines are parallel using angle conditions

Class 7 Ch 9: Triangles ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 9.1 Congruence conditions: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, RHS

• 9.2 Isosceles triangle theorem: base angles are equal
• 9.3 Properties of equilateral triangles
• 9.4 Triangle inequality: sum of two sides > third side
• 9.5 Exterior angle theorem: exterior angle = sum of two non-adjacent interior angles
• 9.6 Median, altitude, angle bisector, perpendicular bisector of a triangle

Class 7 Ch 10: Congruence and Similarity ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 10.1 Congruent figures — same shape AND same size

• 10.2 Similar figures — same shape, different size
• 10.3 Ratio of corresponding sides in similar triangles
• 10.4 AA similarity condition

Class 7 Ch 11: Information and Data ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 11.1 Frequency distribution (grouped and ungrouped)

• 11.2 Cumulative frequency
• 11.3 Mean from frequency table
• 11.4 Median and mode from grouped data
• 11.5 Drawing and interpreting pie charts
PHASE 2 (cont.) — Class 8 Mathematics
This book introduces simultaneous equations, Pythagoras theorem, and circle geometry. These are
DIRECTLY tested in SSC. Spend extra time on Chapters 6, 8, 9, and 10.

Class 8 Ch 1: Patterns ⭐ [ ] Done

• 1.1 Number patterns: arithmetic sequences (constant difference)

• 1.2 Geometric sequences (constant ratio)
• 1.3 Finding the next term in a pattern
• 1.4 Finding the nth term formula for simple patterns
• 1.5 Pascal's triangle and patterns

Class 8 Ch 2: Profits ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 2.1 Profit and loss — advanced problems

• 2.2 Simple interest: I = PRT/100
◦ Finding Interest, Principal, Rate, Time when others are given
• 2.3 Compound interest: A = P(1 + r/100)^n
◦ Annual, half-yearly and quarterly compounding
• 2.4 Tax calculations (income tax, VAT)
• 2.5 Insurance basics
• 2.6 Real-life financial word problems

Class 8 Ch 3: Measurement ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 3.1 Area of circle, sector, segment

• 3.2 Surface area of cylinder, cone, sphere
• 3.3 Volume of cylinder: πr²h
• 3.4 Volume of cone: ½πr²h
• 3.5 Volume of sphere: ⅔πr³
• 3.6 Conversion between units of area and volume
• 3.7 Word problems with combined shapes

Class 8 Ch 4: Algebraic Formulae and Applications ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 4.1 Review and extension of Class 7 identities

• 4.2 New identity: (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ca
• 4.3 Factorization of polynomials of degree 3
• 4.4 Factor theorem: if f(a)=0, then (x−a) is a factor
 • 4.5 Sum and difference of cubes: a³+b³ and a³−b³
• 4.6 Applications to find a²+b²+c², a³+b³+c³ from given conditions

Class 8 Ch 5: Algebraic Fractions ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 5.1 Simplifying complex algebraic fractions

• 5.2 Partial fractions (introduction)
• 5.3 Solving equations involving algebraic fractions

Class 8 Ch 6: Simple Simultaneous Equations ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 6.1 What are simultaneous equations? (two equations, two unknowns)

• 6.2 Solving by substitution method
◦ Express one variable in terms of the other, substitute
• 6.3 Solving by elimination method
◦ Add or subtract equations to eliminate one variable
• 6.4 Solving by cross-multiplication method
• 6.5 Word problems leading to simultaneous equations
◦ Age problems, mixture problems, boat/stream problems

Class 8 Ch 7: Set ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 7.1 Definition of a set; roster and set-builder notation

• 7.2 Types of sets: empty, finite, infinite, universal
• 7.3 Subsets and power sets
• 7.4 Union of sets (A ∪ B)
• 7.5 Intersection of sets (A ∩ B)
• 7.6 Complement of a set (A')
• 7.7 Difference of sets (A − B)
• 7.8 Venn diagrams — drawing and solving problems
• 7.9 Laws of sets (commutative, associative, distributive, De Morgan's)

Class 8 Ch 8: Quadrilaterals ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 8.1 Properties of parallelogram (opposite sides equal and parallel, diagonals bisect)
• 8.2 Properties of rectangle, rhombus, square
• 8.3 Properties of trapezium
• 8.4 Midpoint theorem of triangles
• 8.5 Proofs of quadrilateral theorems

Class 8 Ch 9: Pythagoras Theorem ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

 • 9.1 Statement: In a right triangle, hypotenuse² = base² + height²
• 9.2 Proof of Pythagoras theorem
• 9.3 Finding the third side when two sides are given
• 9.4 Pythagorean triples: (3,4,5), (5,12,13), (8,15,17), etc.
• 9.5 Converse: if c² = a²+b², then it's a right triangle
• 9.6 Applications: finding distance, height, diagonal

Class 8 Ch 10: Circle ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 10.1 Parts of a circle: center, radius, diameter, chord, arc, sector, segment
• 10.2 Central angle and inscribed angle relationship
• 10.3 Angle in a semicircle = 90°
• 10.4 Angles in the same segment are equal
• 10.5 Tangent to a circle: perpendicular to radius at point of contact
• 10.6 Two tangents from an external point are equal
• 10.7 Chord properties: perpendicular from center bisects chord

Class 8 Ch 11: Information and Data ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

• 11.1 Measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode (revision and extension)
• 11.2 Frequency polygons
• 11.3 Ogive (cumulative frequency curve)
• 11.4 Finding median from ogive
• 11.5 Range and measures of dispersion (basic)
PHASE 3 — Class 9–10 Mathematics (SSC Level)
This is the most important book. ALL 17 chapters are examinable in SSC. Study each one thoroughly.
Chapters marked ⭐⭐⭐ appear every single year in board exams.

NOTE: This one book covers BOTH Class 9 and Class 10. Work through it in order.

Class 9- Ch 1: Real Numbers ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 1.1 Classification of numbers: natural, whole, integer, rational, irrational, real

• 1.2 Real number line
• 1.3 Expressing irrational numbers in decimal form (non-terminating non-repeating)
• 1.4 Laws of indices/exponents: a^m × a^n = a^(m+n), (a^m)^n = a^(mn), etc.
• 1.5 Simplifying expressions using index laws
• 1.6 Surds: √2, √3, ³√5 — simplifying and rationalizing denominators
• 1.7 Rationalization: multiplying by conjugate to remove surd from denominator

Class 9- Ch 2: Sets and Functions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 2.1 Sets — review and extension from Class 8

• 2.2 Venn diagram problems with 2 and 3 sets
• 2.3 Cardinality formula: |A∪B| = |A| + |B| − |A∩B|
• 2.4 Functions: definition, domain, co-domain, range
• 2.5 Types of functions: one-to-one (injective), onto (surjective), bijective
• 2.6 Composition of functions: f(g(x))
• 2.7 Inverse functions

Class 9- Ch 3: Algebraic Expressions ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 3.1 Polynomials: degree, leading coefficient

• 3.2 Operations on polynomials
• 3.3 Factorization techniques — all methods:
◦ Common factor
◦ Grouping
◦ Difference of squares: a²−b²
◦ Perfect square trinomials
◦ Sum/difference of cubes
◦ Cross multiplication method for quadratics
 • 3.4 Division of polynomials (long division)
• 3.5 Remainder theorem and factor theorem
• 3.6 HCF and LCM of algebraic expressions

Class 9- Ch 4: Exponents and Logarithms ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 4.1 Laws of exponents (full review and advanced applications)

• 4.2 Scientific notation: a × 10^n
• 4.3 Introduction to logarithms: log_a(x) = y means a^y = x
• 4.4 Common logarithm (base 10) and natural logarithm (base e)
• 4.5 Laws of logarithms:
◦ log(mn) = log m + log n
◦ log(m/n) = log m − log n
◦ log(m^n) = n × log m
• 4.6 Changing base formula
• 4.7 Solving exponential equations using logs
• 4.8 Using logarithm tables / calculator for computation

Class 9- Ch 5: Equations in One Variable ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 5.1 Linear equations: ax + b = 0

• 5.2 Quadratic equations: ax² + bx + c = 0
◦ Solving by factorization
◦ Solving by completing the square
◦ Quadratic formula: x = [−b ± √(b²−4ac)] / 2a
• 5.3 Discriminant: b²−4ac and nature of roots
◦ If b²−4ac > 0: two distinct real roots
◦ If b²−4ac = 0: two equal real roots
◦ If b²−4ac < 0: no real roots
• 5.4 Sum and product of roots: α+β = −b/a, α×β = c/a
• 5.5 Forming a quadratic equation from given roots
• 5.6 Word problems leading to quadratic equations

Class 9- Ch 6: Lines, Angles and Triangles ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 6.1 Parallel lines and transversal — all angle relationships (full proofs)
• 6.2 Triangle angle sum theorem — proof
• 6.3 Exterior angle theorem — proof
• 6.4 Congruence theorems: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, RHS with proofs
• 6.5 Isosceles triangle theorem and its converse
 • 6.6 Inequalities in triangles

Class 9- Ch 7: Practical Geometry ⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 7.1 Constructing triangles from various given conditions

• 7.2 Constructing quadrilaterals
• 7.3 Constructing circumscribed circle (circumcircle) of a triangle
• 7.4 Constructing inscribed circle (incircle) of a triangle

Class 9- Ch 8: Circle ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 8.1 Theorems about chords — proofs required:

◦ Equal chords are equidistant from center
◦ Perpendicular from center bisects chord (and converse)
• 8.2 Arc and angle theorems — proofs:
◦ Central angle = 2 × inscribed angle on same arc
◦ Angles in same segment are equal
◦ Angle in semicircle = 90°
• 8.3 Cyclic quadrilateral: opposite angles sum to 180°
• 8.4 Tangent theorems — proofs:
◦ Tangent is perpendicular to radius at point of contact
◦ Two tangents from external point are equal
• 8.5 Tangent-chord angle = inscribed angle in alternate segment

Class 9- Ch 9: Trigonometric Ratio ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 9.1 Right triangle: opposite, adjacent, hypotenuse

• 9.2 Six trig ratios: sinθ, cosθ, tanθ, cosecθ, secθ, cotθ
• 9.3 Reciprocal identities: sinθ=1/cosecθ, cosθ=1/secθ, tanθ=1/cotθ
• 9.4 Standard angles table — MEMORIZE:
◦ sin 0°=0, sin 30°=1/2, sin 45°=1/√2, sin 60°=√3/2, sin 90°=1
◦ cos 0°=1, cos 30°=√3/2, cos 45°=1/√2, cos 60°=1/2, cos 90°=0
◦ tan 0°=0, tan 30°=1/√3, tan 45°=1, tan 60°=√3, tan 90°=undefined
• 9.5 Pythagorean identities: sin²θ+cos²θ=1, 1+tan²θ=sec²θ, 1+cot²θ=cosec²θ
• 9.6 Proving trigonometric identities
• 9.7 Complementary angle relationships: sin(90−θ)=cosθ, etc.

Class 9- Ch 10: Distance and Elevation ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10
 • 10.1 Angle of elevation (looking UP to an object)
• 10.2 Angle of depression (looking DOWN to an object)
• 10.3 Using tanθ = opposite/adjacent for height and distance problems
• 10.4 Problems with two angles of elevation from different points
• 10.5 Problems involving shadow length
• 10.6 Lighthouse, building, tower problems — very common in SSC

Class 9- Ch 11: Algebraic Ratio and Proportion ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 11.1 Ratio, equal ratio, inverse ratio

• 11.2 Componendo, dividendo, componendo-dividendo rules
◦ If a/b = c/d, then (a+b)/(a−b) = (c+d)/(c−d) — very common in SSC
• 11.3 Continued proportion: a:b:c where a/b = b/c
• 11.4 Mean proportional: b = √(ac)
• 11.5 Applying proportion properties to simplify complex algebraic expressions

Class 9- Ch 12: Simple Simultaneous Equations in ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10 Two Variables

• 12.1 Review: substitution and elimination methods

• 12.2 Cross-multiplication method
• 12.3 Graphical solution: where two lines intersect
• 12.4 Conditions for unique solution, no solution, infinite solutions
• 12.5 Word problems: all types
◦ Age problems
◦ Number problems
◦ Speed/distance problems
◦ Mixture and solution problems
◦ Income/expenditure problems

Class 9- Ch 13: Finite Series ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 13.1 Sequences and series — difference

• 13.2 Arithmetic progression (AP): a, a+d, a+2d, ...
◦ nth term: a_n = a + (n−1)d
◦ Sum of n terms: S_n = n/2 [2a + (n−1)d]
• 13.3 Geometric progression (GP): a, ar, ar², ...
◦ nth term: a_n = ar^(n−1)
◦ Sum of n terms: S_n = a(r^n − 1)/(r−1) for r≠1
• 13.4 Sum of special series: 1+2+3+...+n = n(n+1)/2
• 13.5 Sum of squares: 1²+2²+...+n² = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
 • 13.6 Sum of cubes: 1³+2³+...+n³ = [n(n+1)/2]²

Class 9- Ch 14: Ratio, Similarity and Symmetry ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 14.1 Similar triangles: AA, SAS, SSS conditions for similarity

• 14.2 Basic proportionality theorem (Thales): line parallel to one side divides other two sides
proportionally
• 14.3 Converse of basic proportionality theorem
• 14.4 Areas of similar triangles: ratio = square of ratio of corresponding sides
• 14.5 Symmetry: line symmetry and rotational symmetry
• 14.6 Axis of symmetry, order of rotational symmetry

Class 9- Ch 15: Area Related Theorems and ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10 Constructions

• 15.1 Theorem: triangles on same base between same parallels have equal area
• 15.2 Theorem: triangle = half area of parallelogram on same base between same parallels
• 15.3 Proof-based problems using these two theorems
• 15.4 Construction: divide a line segment in given ratio
• 15.5 Construction: triangle equal in area to given quadrilateral

Class 9- Ch 16: Mensuration ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 16.1 Area of triangle: ½ base × height, Heron's formula, ½ ab sin C

• 16.2 Area of quadrilaterals: parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium
• 16.3 Area of circle, sector, segment: formulas and problems
• 16.4 Surface area of:
◦ Cuboid: 2(lb+bh+hl)
◦ Cube: 6a²
◦ Cylinder (open and closed): 2πrh and 2πr(r+h)
◦ Cone: πrl + πr² where l = slant height
◦ Sphere: 4πr², Hemisphere: 3πr²
• 16.5 Volume of: cuboid, cube, cylinder (πr²h), cone (⅓πr²h), sphere (⅔πr³)
• 16.6 Combined solid shape problems (e.g. cone on top of cylinder)
• 16.7 Conversion problems (e.g. melting a sphere into cylinders)

Class 9- Ch 17: Statistics ⭐⭐⭐ [ ] Done

10

• 17.1 Frequency distribution table — constructing from raw data

• 17.2 Grouped frequency — class intervals, class marks, frequency
• 17.3 Mean from grouped data: Σ(f×x) / Σf
• 17.4 Median from grouped data using formula
• 17.5 Mode from grouped data using formula
• 17.6 Histogram and frequency polygon
• 17.7 Ogive (less than and more than cumulative frequency curves)
• 17.8 Reading median from ogive
• 17.9 Measures of dispersion: range, mean deviation, standard deviation
• 17.10 Probability — basic introduction (Class 9–10 level)
◦ Definition: P(A) = favorable outcomes / total outcomes
◦ Complementary events: P(A') = 1 − P(A)
Master Chapter Checklist — All 5 Books
Print this page and tick off each chapter as you complete it. Your goal is to tick every single row.

Book Ch. Topic Priority Done?

Class 5 1 Multiplication ⭐⭐ []
Class 5 2 Division ⭐⭐ []
Class 5 3 Four Basic Operations ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 5 4 Mathematical Symbols ⭐ []
Class 5 5 Multiples and Factors ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 5 6 Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 5 7 Decimal Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 5 8 Average ⭐⭐ []
Class 5 9 Percentage ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 5 10 Geometry ⭐⭐ []
Class 5 11 Measurement ⭐⭐ []
Class 5 12 Time ⭐ []
Class 5 13 Data Arrangement ⭐ []
Class 5 14 Calculator and Computer ⭐ []
Class 6 1 Natural Numbers and Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 6 2 Ratios and Percentages ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 6 3 Integers ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 6 4 Algebraic Expressions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 6 5 Simple Equations ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 6 6 Basic Concepts of Geometry ⭐⭐ []
Class 6 7 Practical Geometry ⭐⭐ []
Class 6 8 Information and Data ⭐⭐ []
Class 7 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 2 Proportion, Profit and Loss ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 3 Measurement ⭐⭐ []
Class 7 4 Multiplication/Division of Algebra ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 5 Algebraic Formulae & Applications ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 6 Algebraic Fractions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 7 Simple Equations ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 8 Parallel Straight Lines ⭐⭐ []
Class 7 9 Triangles ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 7 10 Congruence and Similarity ⭐⭐ []
Class 7 11 Information and Data ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 1 Patterns ⭐ []
Class 8 2 Profits ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 3 Measurement ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 4 Algebraic Formulae & Applications ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 8 5 Algebraic Fractions ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 6 Simple Simultaneous Equations ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 8 7 Set ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 8 Quadrilaterals ⭐⭐ []
Class 8 9 Pythagoras Theorem ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 8 10 Circle ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 8 11 Information and Data ⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 1 Real Numbers ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 2 Sets and Functions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 3 Algebraic Expressions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 4 Exponents and Logarithms ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 5 Equations in One Variable ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 6 Lines, Angles and Triangles ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 7 Practical Geometry ⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 8 Circle ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 9 Trigonometric Ratio ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 10 Distance and Elevation ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 11 Algebraic Ratio and Proportion ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 12 Simultaneous Equations (Two Variables) ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 13 Finite Series ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 14 Ratio, Similarity and Symmetry ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 15 Area Theorems and Constructions ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 16 Mensuration ⭐⭐⭐ []
Class 9-10 17 Statistics ⭐⭐⭐ []

Total: 57 chapters across 5 books. You've got this! 💪