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Expanded Compiler Assignment

The document outlines the phases of a compiler, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation, each contributing to the transformation of high-level code into machine code. It also discusses the role of lexical analysis as the initial phase that tokenizes the source code while removing unnecessary characters. A simple lexical analyzer example in Python is provided to illustrate the tokenization process.

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2 views2 pages

Expanded Compiler Assignment

The document outlines the phases of a compiler, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation, each contributing to the transformation of high-level code into machine code. It also discusses the role of lexical analysis as the initial phase that tokenizes the source code while removing unnecessary characters. A simple lexical analyzer example in Python is provided to illustrate the tokenization process.

Uploaded by

dansokoto765436
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMPILER DESIGN ASSIGNMENT

QUESTION 1
Explain the different phases of a compiler with a diagram and detailed explanation.

Introduction
A compiler is a system software that translates high-level programming languages into
machine code. This process occurs in several phases, each transforming the program closer
to executable form.

Phases of a Compiler
1. Lexical Analysis: Converts source code into tokens such as keywords, identifiers, and
constants.
2. Syntax Analysis: Ensures the tokens follow grammatical rules and builds a parse tree.
3. Semantic Analysis: Checks for logical errors such as type mismatches and undeclared
variables.
4. Intermediate Code Generation: Produces a machine-independent representation.
5. Code Optimization: Improves performance by eliminating redundant code.
6. Code Generation: Converts optimized code into machine or assembly language.

Conclusion for Question 1


Each compiler phase plays a critical role in transforming high-level code into efficient
machine code.

QUESTION 2
Discuss the role of lexical analysis and design a simple lexical analyzer.

Role of Lexical Analysis


Lexical analysis is the first stage of compilation. It reads the source program and converts it
into tokens, removing unnecessary characters such as whitespace and comments.

Functions of Lexical Analyzer


- Tokenization
- Removal of whitespace and comments
- Error detection
- Symbol table interaction
Simple Lexical Analyzer (Python Example)
keywords = {"int", "if", "else", "while", "return"}
operators = {"+", "-", "*", "/", "="}
separators = {";", "(", ")", ","}

def lexical_analyzer(code):
for word in [Link]():
if word in keywords:
print(word, "-> Keyword")
elif word in operators:
print(word, "-> Operator")
elif [Link]():
print(word, "-> Constant")
elif word in separators:
print(word, "-> Separator")
else:
print(word, "-> Identifier")

code = "int x = 25 + y;"


lexical_analyzer(code)

Conclusion for Question 2


Lexical analysis simplifies compiler design by converting raw input into manageable tokens.

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