5 There are millions of asteroids in the Solar System.
(a) The table shows information about four objects in space.
distance from the Sun diameter
object year of discovery
in km in km
A 57 909 000 4 879 1631
B 353 000 000 530 1807
C 413 690 000 952 1801
D 4 473 600 000 49 244 1846
Two of the objects are planets and two of the objects are asteroids.
Which two objects are asteroids?
and
Explain your answer.
Use information from the table.
[2]
1
(b) Blessy looks at descriptions of some objects in the Solar System.
object description
Bennu a collection of stones connected by gravity
Ceres three quarters rock, one quarter water
Hale-Bopp ice, dust and gas
Ida silica rock
Kleopatra nickel and iron centre, surrounded by rock
Blessy knows that four of the objects are asteroids because of their descriptions.
Which object is not an asteroid?
Explain your answer.
Use information from the table.
[2]
(c) Vesta is one of the largest asteroids in the Solar System.
Vesta orbits around the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Describe how Vesta was formed.
[2]
2
11 Rajiv investigates the reflection of light.
Rajiv:
• places a mirror on a sheet of paper against the edge of a protractor
• shines a beam of light towards the mirror.
sheet of
flashlight paper
(torch)
80 100 11
protractor 70 0 120 beam of
60 13 light from
50 0
flashlight
14
40
01
0
50
0 3
160
0 10 2
170
mirror
180
(a) Suggest a value for the angle of incidence.
° [1]
(b) Write down the law of reflection.
[1]
(c) Explain why it is difficult for Rajiv to measure the angle of reflection accurately.
Suggest how Rajiv improves his investigation to measure this angle more accurately.
explanation
improvement
[2]
3
7 Look at part of a recent news report.
Space telescope discovers remote galaxy
This may be the most distant galaxy from Earth.
Scientists predict that the newly discovered galaxy contains stars.
Suggest two other objects the newly found galaxy contains.
2
[1]
11 This question is about coloured light.
(a) The diagram shows what happens when a narrow beam of white light is shone towards
a special piece of glass.
ray of
white light
........................................ light
........................................
(i) Complete the labels on the diagram.
Choose words from the list.
black lens mirror
prism red violet
[2]
(ii) The white light is split into different colours.
What is the name of this process?
[1]
4
(b) Different coloured light from three sources is shone onto the same area of a white screen.
cyan
........................................
blue green
........................................ red ........................................
Complete the labels on the diagram.
Choose words from the list.
indigo magenta pink
orange violet white
yellow
[2]
13 Aiko makes an electrical circuit.
(a) Circle the names of the two components in her circuit.
battery of cells buzzer cell lamp switch
[2]
(b) Aiko needs an extra component to turn the circuit on and off.
Redraw the electrical circuit to show the position of this extra component.
Use the correct standard conventional electrical symbol for the component.
[2]
(c) Write down the name of the particle that flows around an electrical circuit.
[1]
5
11 Lily learns about the properties of light.
She uses an analogy.
Look at the diagram of her analogy.
toy car moves
quickly
smooth
surface
rough
surface
same toy car
moves slowly
(a) Describe what is meant by an analogy.
[1]
(b) Which property of light is shown by her analogy?
Circle the correct answer.
absorption dispersion reflection refraction
[1]
(c) Explain how her analogy is used to show this property of light.
[1]
6
12 There are many galaxies in the Universe.
(a) Write down the components that form the structure of a galaxy.
[3]
(b) Galaxies change from round to surfboard shape when they collide.
Look at the pictures of these types of galaxy.
round surfboard
In the past, scientists predicted that all the galaxies in the early Universe were round
because the galaxies had not collided.
Scientists now have images of the early Universe that show 80% of the galaxies were
surfboard shape.
These images contradict one of the ideas that scientists in the past had about galaxies.
Tick () this contradiction.
All galaxies are surfboard shape.
Galaxies have not collided.
The Milky Way is a galaxy.
There are two types of galaxies.
[1]
7
14 The diagram shows equal amounts of colours of light overlapping.
When colours of light overlap the colours of light are added together.
Complete the three labels on the diagram to show these colours of light.
Choose words from the list.
cyan magenta yellow
......................................
green red
blue
...................................... ......................................
[1]
4 Space has many parts.
Draw a straight line from each part to its correct description.
part description
clouds of particles in space
galaxy
object orbiting a planet
solar system large group of stars
small planets
stellar dust
planets orbiting around a star
[3]
8
5 Asteroids are in the Solar System.
(a) Which statement describes an asteroid?
Tick () the correct answer.
a piece of ice that is larger than a planet
a piece of ice that is smaller than a planet
a rock that is larger than a planet
a rock that is smaller than a planet
[1]
(b) Most asteroids are in a region of space between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars.
This region is called the asteroid belt.
(i) Draw the letter X on the diagram to show the position of the asteroid belt.
Sun
not to scale
[1]
(ii) Suggest why the asteroid belt is near planets.
[1]
9
(c) When asteroids are first discovered they are given an identity.
The asteroid Europa has the identity Europa1885C.
The four numbers are the year of discovery.
The letter indicates the month and the date in the month of discovery.
Look at the table showing the letters for the months from January to March.
month date range letter
January 1 – 15 A
January 16 – 31 B
February 1 – 15 C
February 16 – 29 D
March 1 – 15 E
March 16 – 31 F
Europa1885C was discovered on 4 February in the year 1885.
(i) When was Bamberga1892D discovered?
Use the information in the table.
Tick () the correct answer.
15 February in the year 1892
25 February in the year 1892
15 March in the year 1892
25 March in the year 1892
[1]
(ii) Write down the identity for Cybele discovered on 8 March in the year 1861.
[1]
10
11 Blessy draws a diagram to show what may happen during reflection.
A B C
plane mirror
(a) Which letters show the incident ray and the reflected ray?
Circle the correct answer.
A and B A and C B and E C and D
[1]
(b) Write down the law of reflection.
[1]
12 Explain how the nucleus holds the electrons in place in an atom.
[1]
11
13 Pierre uses a light ray and a triangular piece of glass.
Look at the diagram.
................................ light ray ..................................... light
.............................................
Complete the three labels on the diagram.
Choose words from the list.
green lens magnifying glass mirror
prism red violet white
[2]
3 Safia uses an electromagnet to pick up steel pins.
She changes the current in the wire and records her results in the table.
current
number of pins
in A
0.25 1
0.50 2
0.75 3
1.00 1
1.25 5
(a) Circle the anomalous result in the table. [1]
(b) The current in the wire changes the strength of the electromagnet.
Suggest one other factor that changes the strength of the electromagnet.
[1]
12
7 This question is about asteroids.
(a) The table shows some information about asteroids that have passed near to the Earth.
nearest distance
date asteroid was
asteroid from the Earth
nearest to the Earth
in km
A February 2004 5481
B March 2004 6542
C October 2009 6259
D October 2019 6242
E August 2020 2946
(i) Which asteroid passed nearer than 5000 km from the Earth?
[1]
(ii) Suggest why the distances in the table may not be accurate.
[1]
(iii) Describe how asteroids in space are formed.
[1]
13
(b) The Moon has many craters formed when asteroids hit the surface of the Moon.
Ahmed makes this hypothesis about craters.
‘The bigger the asteroid hitting the Moon,
the bigger the crater that is made.’
Ahmed wants to test this hypothesis.
The diagram shows some of the equipment he uses.
ruler
ball
sand
Ahmed drops the ball and measures the size of the crater.
Describe how Ahmed uses this equipment to test his hypothesis.
[2]
14
11 Mike investigates the reflection of a light ray at a plane mirror.
Look at his ray diagram.
plane mirror
w z
x y
light ray
P
lamp
metal ray box
(a) (i) Write down the name of the dotted line P in the diagram.
[1]
(ii) Which row in the table identifies the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection in
Mike’s diagram?
angle of angle of
incidence reflection
A w x
B w y
C x y
D x z
row [1]
15
(b) Mike changes the angle of incidence and measures the angle of reflection.
The table shows the angles of incidence he uses.
Complete the table to predict the angles of reflection.
angle of incidence angle of reflection
in ° in °
20
30
40
50
[1]
(c) Mike uses a metal ray box connected to a power supply in his investigation.
Write down one safety hazard in Mike’s investigation.
Describe how he avoids this hazard.
safety hazard
description of how Mike avoids the hazard
[2]
16
7 Ahmed investigates primary and secondary colours.
(a) Which colour of light is produced when red light and green light are mixed?
Circle the correct answer.
yellow blue cyan magenta white
[1]
(b) Ahmed wears a magenta and green striped shirt.
Complete the sentences to explain how Ahmed’s shirt looks in blue light.
In blue light, the magenta stripes look the colour .
This is because magenta
In blue light, the green stripes look the colour .
This is because green
.
[2]
(c) Ahmed passes cyan light through a yellow filter.
cyan light
yellow filter screen
Explain which colour light is seen on the screen.
colour light
reason
[1]
17
15 Look at the diagram showing the Sun, the Earth and the orbit of the Moon.
Earth
Sun orbit of
the Moon
not to scale
Sometimes a lunar eclipse happens.
(a) Draw a circle on the diagram to represent the position of the Moon during a lunar eclipse.
[1]
(b) Write down the name of the force which keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth.
[1]
13 a Which of these is found in galaxies? [1]
Tick (✓) one box.
stars only
stars and planets only
stars, planets and dust only
stars, planets, dust and gas
b In 1917, a scientist called Einstein had a hypothesis that the universe may be getting bigger.
In 1929, a scientist called Hubble observed many galaxies. He discovered that these galaxies are
moving away from each other. He predicted that all galaxies are moving further apart.
More recently, a galaxy called M90 has been discovered moving toward the Milky Way galaxy.
Complete the sentences using the best words. [2]
The observation made by Hubble _______________ Einstein’s hypothesis.
The information about galaxy M90 _______________ Hubble’s prediction.
18
8 This question is about sound.
Look at the table showing the speed of sound through the three states of matter.
approximate speed of sound
state of matter
in m/s
solid 5000
liquid 1500
gas 340
(a) Suggest why sound travels faster through a solid.
Use ideas about particles.
[2]
(b) Bats use echoes to hunt prey.
(i) What is an echo?
[1]
(ii) A bat produces a sound wave.
6 seconds later the bat hears the echo from its prey.
The sound travels 340 m in 1 second.
Calculate the total distance travelled by the sound.
Calculate the distance between the bat and the prey.
[2]
19
1 a State the law of reflection. [1]
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b The diagram shows a plane mirror and a normal line.
Draw a ray of light being reflected at the point where the normal meets the mirror. [2]
2 a State what happens to the speed of light when light passes from air into glass. [1]
_______________________________________________________________________________
b The diagram shows the surface of a glass block and a normal line.
Draw a ray of light passing from air into the glass at the point where the normal meets the surface. [2]
3 White light is made from many colours.
Use the best words to complete these sentences about light. [2]
a White light can be split into many colours by passing the white light through a ______________.
b Splitting white light into many colours is called __________________.
4 State the colour of light produced when red and green light of equal brightness are added. [1]
__________________________________________________________________________________
20
5 Which of these explains where asteroids came from? [1]
Tick (✓) one box.
They were formed when a planet in the Solar System broke apart.
They were formed when another star in the Solar System broke apart.
They were formed from rocks left over from the formation of the Solar System.
They arrived from space after the formation of the Solar System.
3 The diagram shows a ray of light arriving at a mirror.
a Write the letter that shows the direction of the ray that has been reflected by the mirror.
_______________ [1]
b Which type of mirror is shown in the diagram? [1]
Tick (✓) one box.
curved
even
plane
line
4 Complete these sentences using words from the list.
The words can be used once, more than once or not at all.
reflection refraction changes normal
When a ray of light passes from air into water, it _______________________ direction.
This is called _______________________ [2]
21