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Number System (Lec-2)

The document explains various number systems, including Decimal (Base 10), Binary (Base 2), Octal (Base 8), and Hexadecimal (Base 16), detailing their symbols and usage. It provides examples of converting numbers between these systems and describes the methods for these conversions. Each system has its own set of digits and rules for representing values based on their position.

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7 views5 pages

Number System (Lec-2)

The document explains various number systems, including Decimal (Base 10), Binary (Base 2), Octal (Base 8), and Hexadecimal (Base 16), detailing their symbols and usage. It provides examples of converting numbers between these systems and describes the methods for these conversions. Each system has its own set of digits and rules for representing values based on their position.

Uploaded by

solaimandc770
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Number System

A number system is a way of expressing numbers using a consistent set of


symbols. It helps us count, measure, and perform calculations.

There are several types of number systems, but the most common ones are:

1.​ Decimal (Base 10)​

2.​ Binary (Base 2)​

3.​ Octal (Base 8)​

4.​ Hexadecimal (Base 16)​

Decimal Number System (Base 10)

●​ Most widely used.​

●​ Uses 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9​

●​ Each digit’s value depends on its position (place value).​

Example:

235= (2×102)+(3×101)+(5×100) = 200+30+5


Binary Number System (Base 2)

●​ Uses 2 digits: 0 and 1​

●​ Commonly used in computers.​

Example: Convert decimal 13 to binary:

Binary (write remainders from bottom to top):

Octal Number System (Base 8)

●​ Uses 8 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7​

●​ Each digit represents powers of 8.​

Example: Convert decimal 65 to octal:

1.​ Divide by 8:​


Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)

●​ Uses 16 symbols:​

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

●​ A = 10, B = 11, ..., F = 15​

●​ Used in computing and digital electronics.​

Example: Convert decimal 254 to hexadecimal:

1.​ Divide by 16:​


Summary
System Base Symbols Example (Decimal 13)

Decimal 10 0-9 13

Binary 2 0,1 1101

Octal 8 0-7 15

Hexadecimal 16 0-9, A-F D

Number System Conversions

Decimal to Other Systems

●​ Decimal → Binary: Divide by 2 and record remainders.​


Example: 13 → 1101​

●​ Decimal → Octal: Divide by 8 and record remainders.​


Example: 45 → 55​

●​ Decimal → Hexadecimal: Divide by 16 and record remainders.​


Example: 255 → FF​

Binary to Other Systems

●​ Binary → Decimal: Multiply each bit by 2^position and sum.​


Example: 1011 → 11​

●​ Binary → Octal: Group bits in sets of 3 from right.​


Example: 101110 → 56​
●​ Binary → Hexadecimal: Group bits in sets of 4 from right.​
Example: 11110110 → F6​

Octal to Other Systems

●​ Octal → Decimal: Multiply each digit by 8^position and sum.​


Example: 57 → 47​

●​ Octal → Binary: Convert each digit to 3-bit binary.​


Example: 57 → 101111​

●​ Octal → Hexadecimal: Convert to binary first, then to hex.​

Hexadecimal to Other Systems

●​ Hexadecimal → Decimal: Multiply each digit by 16^position and sum.​


Example: 1A → 26​

●​ Hexadecimal → Binary: Convert each digit to 4-bit binary.​


Example: 1F → 00011111​

●​ Hexadecimal → Octal: Convert to binary first, then group in 3-bit sets.

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