No Dokumen: Tarikh:
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA
MELAKA BMKT 3343 13-10-2024
Tajuk: Semakan Tarikj: Mukasurat:
TUTORIAL 3: FORCE VIBRATION AND 9-10-2024 1
VIBRATION CONTROL
1. A 100 kg mass is suspended by a spring of stiffness 30 kN/m with a viscous damping constant of 1000
Ns/m. The mass is initially at rest and at in equilibrium. Calculate the steady-state displacement
amplitude and phase if the mass is excited by a harmonic cosine force of 80 N at 3 Hz.
(Ans. X = 4.1 mm; -1.285 rad)
2. A system modelled by Figure 1 has an instrument with mass of 225 kg mounted on a support of a spring having
stiffness 35 kN/m and an unknown damper.
a. Find the displacement transmissibility of the system.
b. What is the frequency range where the support can isolate the vibration from the base to the instrument?
Ignore damping.
c. When drive at the natural frequency, the system has deflection amplitude of 0.7 cm and the base has
deflection amplitude of 0.3 cm, what is the damping factor of the support?
Figure 1.
3. A compressor of mass 2000 kg is to be supported on 4 spring mounts of equal stiffness. The
compressor runs at 1200 rpm (revolutions per minute). Find the natural frequency and the stiffness of
each mount if the transmissibility is to be 10% or less. Neglect damping.
(Ans. n 6 rad/s, k =18 kN/m)
4. Figure 1 shows a piezoelectric accelerometer which is a device used to measure the acceleration of a
vibrating object. In principle, it consists of a disc of piezoelectric material (cross-sectional area A,
thickness d and elastic modulus E) which behaves like a spring. Its top and bottom surfaces are covered
by electrodes to which terminals are attached. On it is mounted a seismic mass m. The base is attached
to the vibrating surface, which has acceleration 𝑦̈ . When the accelerometer vibrates, a force F is
produced in the piezoelectric material and a charge Q sF appears across the terminals, where s is a
constant that depends on the piezoelectric constsnt for the material.
Find the stiffness of the piezoelectric disc.
a. Write down the equation of motion of the mass.
b. For time harmonic vibration, show that the transmissibility is expressed by
c. Show that for frequencies which are much lower than the natural frequency of the
accelerometer, the charge output from the terminals is indeed proportional to the
acceleration of the vibrating structure.
d. Up to what frequency approximately is the measured magnitude of the
acceleration accurate to 2%? (Ignore damping)
Figure 2.
5. A machine of mass 40 kg runs at 1000 rpm. It is supported by four mounts each of
which has a stiffness k and vibrates as a single degree of freedom system. When the
machine operates, time harmonic internal forces are generated at the running speed.
a. If the machine is to be mount on a floor, show that the ratio of the force
transmitted to the floor and the force excitation from the machine is given by
b. Assume the mounts have zero damping. What should the stiffness of each mount
be if the force transmissibility should be 0.25 or less?
c. What effects does the viscous damping in the mounts have? Show your
calculation and illustrate your answer with a sketch.