CHAPTER 14 - Workplace Quality Measures

Check Your Progress - Exercise Solutions | Class X | 2023-24

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must have ________.
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: To provide a healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must have cleanliness,
filtered water and clean wash-room.

2. Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the ________ in the surrounding air.
(a) dust
(b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases
(d) All of above
Answer: (d) All of above
Explanation: Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the dust, mixture of solid particles and gases in the
surrounding air.

3. Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your ________.

(a) neck
(b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your neck, shoulder, wrist or fingers.

4. The security department organisation is not responsible for ________.

(a) other safety
(b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) transport safety
Answer: (d) transport safety
Explanation: The security department of an organisation is responsible for other safety, computer system safety
and electrical safety. Transport safety is not under the security department.

5. For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce ________.

(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company
Answer: (a) liabilities
Explanation: For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce liabilities.
 6. Do not wear ________ when working with machines.
(a) jewellery
(b) safety glasses
(c) masks
(d) gloves
Answer: (a) jewellery
Explanation: Remove rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer. These ornaments are often
made of conductive metals which can damage computer components by striking them with static electricity.

7. Sore lower back is caused due to ________.

(a) reaching forward frequently
(b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair
(d) reaching forward for long periods
Answer: (b) no lumbar support
Explanation: Sore lower back is caused due to no lumbar support. The corrective action is to use back rest of
chair or put a small pillow or lumbar support on the backrest of the chair.

8. What should you do with the problem of dry eyes?

(a) Forget to blink
(b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
(c) Do exercise
(d) Blink the eyes
Answer: (b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
Explanation: Dry eyes are caused by forgetting to blink. The corrective action is to rest eyes periodically and do
simple eye exercises.

9. If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer from ________.
(a) eye strain
(b) sore eyes
(c) dry eyes
(d) eye strain and sore eyes
Answer: (d) eye strain and sore eyes
Explanation: Eye strain and sore eyes are caused by glares from overhead lights or windows. If light is coming
directly behind or in front of you, you may suffer from eye strain and sore eyes. The corrective action is to
re-orient your desk and computer so light is not directly behind or in front of you.

B. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using - physical, ________ and ________ analysis.
Answer: chemical and biological
Explanation: Air and water pollution can be analysed by using several methods. There are three common forms
of analysis - physical, chemical and biological.

2. The PH value of the water can be measured through ________ analysis.

Answer: chemical
Explanation: The PH value of the water can be measured through chemical analysis.

3. The ________ indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
 Answer: microbial
Explanation: The microbial indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.

4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with ________ and arranging things.

Answer: designing
Explanation: Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging things so that people can use
them easily and safely.

5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause ________.
Answer: arching wrists
Explanation: Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause arching wrists. The corrective action
is to add a wrist rest to the front of keyboard and mouse pad.

6. The repetition of a seemingly ________ task over a period of time can cause an injury.
Answer: innocuous
Explanation: In an office setting, the repetition of a seemingly innocuous task over a period of time can cause
an injury.

7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with ________.
Answer: hazard tape
Explanation: If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with hazard tape.

8. Loose cords and wires can cause ________.

Answer: hazard and even electrical hazards
Explanation: Loose cords and wires can cause hazard and even electrical hazards.

9. Glare and ________ on the screen should be prevented.

Answer: reflections
Explanation: Possible disturbing glare and reflections on the screen or other equipment should be prevented.

10. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid ________ glare.
Answer: reflective
Explanation: The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare.

C. STATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE

1. The work environment of the organisation must be free from hazards and risk.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: It is always safe to keep your workplace clean to avoid hazardous. The work environment must be
free from hazards and risk.

2. Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air pollution.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Extensive use of automobile vehicles in the campus can lead to air pollution. So organisation must
use limited number of vehicles to avoid air pollution. Practice a no vehicle day in every week.

3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Applying ergonomics can reduce the potential for accidents, injury to improve performance and
productivity.
4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Remove rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer. These ornaments are often
made of conductive metals which can damage computer components by striking them with static electricity.

5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Avoid water at all times when working with electricity. Never touch or try repairing any electrical
equipment or circuits with wet hands. It increases the electrical conductivity of the body for the flow of electric
currents.

6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working on computer.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Unplug all power sources and cables from computer. If you are working with plugged in computer
then it might damage your hardware.

7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a collective term
for a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft
tissues.

8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily and find a comfortable position. It
should be adjustable in height.

9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping problems.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Artificial lighting from computer screens can trick your brain and suppress its release of melatonin
substance that assists your sleeping patterns.

10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The keyboard and mouse should be kept at the same level. In addition, use of ergonomic
keyboard and mouse help to reduce the risk of wrist related conditions.

D. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What causes the water pollution?

Answer: Most of the human activities pollute the surrounding water. The sewage or the waste water can also
cause the water pollution. Extensive use of fertilizers and pesticide can make the ground water polluted. Take
care that waste is not mixed with the surrounding water.

2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?

Answer: Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is a collective term for a
range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues,
with or without physical manifestations. It is usually caused or aggravated by work, and is associated with
repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or forceful movements. Psycho-social factors,
including stress in the working environment, may be important in the development of occupational overuse
 syndrome.

3. What are musculoskeletal problems?

Answer: Musculoskeletal problems include different areas of your body, such as neck, back, chests, arms
shoulders and feet. It occurs because of your wrong posture, uncomfortable chair for sitting that is not
ergonomically correct while working on the computer. To avoid this problem, position your computer such that
the end of the monitor should be at your eye level, keep the neck neutral with monitor directly ahead, keep your
monitor at least arm length distance, maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair, and
always take small breaks while working on the computer.

4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?

Answer: The following cautions should be taken while working on the computer: Use a surge protector when
you plug your system in as static electricity generated by walking on the carpet can damage computer
components. A battery backup system is the best way to protect against a power outage. Remove rings,
watches and necklaces while working on the computer as these are made of conductive metals which can
damage computer components. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer before working on it.
Modern processors will overheat within 7 seconds if heat sink is not attached. Avoid water at all times when
working with electricity and never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands.

5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

Answer: The growing use of laptops cause more pain and strain. Laptops are designed for short periods of use.
In laptop the screen and keyboard are very close together and there is really no right way to use a laptop
because if you position the screen at the right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your
arms and shoulders too high to use it and vice versa. It will probably cause a problem. To overcome this
problem, you may use desktop that is set up ergonomically correct, while working for long hours.

6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?

Answer: Computer's bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and visual fatigue. When you
constantly focus on screen, you forget about blinking your eyes that can cause drying eyes. Computer Vision
Syndrome is caused by poor lighting and glare on the computer screen, which causes blurry vision, burning
and/or watering eyes, headaches and in some instances shoulder and neck pain. To avoid eye strain: adjust
the brightness of computer screen, reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights or windows, keep a proper
vision distance from computer screen and blink your eyes in an interval, wear anti-glare glasses while working
on computer, give your eyes periodic breaks and focus on something 30 metres away for 30 seconds every 30
minutes, and keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face.

7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?

Answer: Use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing between the characters and
lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering or other forms of instability. The screen must
be free of reflective glare and reflections liable to cause discomfort to the user. The screen colours should be
easy to look at, and the characters should be sharp and legible.

8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?

Answer: The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen to find a comfortable working position and avoid
fatigue in the arms or hands. The space in front of the keyboard must be sufficient to provide support for the
hands and arms of the user. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on
the keys must be adequately contrasted and legible from the design working position. Use of ergonomic
keyboard helps to reduce the risk of wrist related conditions.

Domestic Data Entry Operator - Class X | Chapter 14 - Exercise Solutions | 2023-24