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Data Collection Methods 2

The document outlines data collection methods, distinguishing between primary data (gathered firsthand) and secondary data (sourced from existing materials). It also discusses sampling methods, particularly stratified sampling, which involves dividing a population into groups and taking proportional samples from each. Examples illustrate how to calculate sample sizes from different strata based on given populations.

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amuhaya.collins
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5 views4 pages

Data Collection Methods 2

The document outlines data collection methods, distinguishing between primary data (gathered firsthand) and secondary data (sourced from existing materials). It also discusses sampling methods, particularly stratified sampling, which involves dividing a population into groups and taking proportional samples from each. Examples illustrate how to calculate sample sizes from different strata based on given populations.

Uploaded by

amuhaya.collins
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Data Collection Methods (Statistics)

Data collection is the process of gathering information for analysis and decision-making.

1. Primary Data Collection

Data collected first-hand by the researcher.

• Surveys / questionnaires

• Interviews

• Observations

• Experiments

Example: A teacher collecting students’ marks through a class test.

2. Secondary Data Collection

Data collected from existing sources.

• Books

• Government reports

• Websites

• Research papers

Example: Using Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) population data.

Sampling Methods (Overview)

Sampling is selecting a subset of a population to represent the whole.

• Simple Random Sampling

• Systematic Sampling

• Cluster Sampling

• Stratified Sampling

Stratified Sampling (Important Topic)


Definition

Stratified sampling is a method where the population is divided into homogeneous groups
(strata), and samples are taken from each group proportionally.

Why use it?

• Ensures fair representation of all groups

• Reduces bias

• Improves accuracy

Steps in Stratified Sampling

1. Divide population into strata (groups)

2. Determine proportion of each group

3. Take random samples from each stratum

Formula (Proportional Allocation)


𝑁𝑖
𝑛𝑖 = ×𝑛
𝑁

Where:

• 𝑛𝑖 = sample from stratum

• 𝑁𝑖 = population in stratum

• 𝑁= total population

• 𝑛= total sample size

Solved Example 1

Question:
A school has:

• Form 1: 200 students


• Form 2: 300 students

• Form 3: 500 students

A sample of 100 students is required using stratified sampling. Find how many students to select
from each form.

Solution:

Total population:

𝑁 = 200 + 300 + 500 = 1000

Form 1:
200
𝑛1 = × 100 = 20
1000

Form 2:
300
𝑛2 = × 100 = 30
1000

Form 3:
500
𝑛3 = × 100 = 50
1000

Final Answer:

• Form 1 → 20 students

• Form 2 → 30 students

• Form 3 → 50 students

Solved Example 2

Question:
A company has 80 male and 120 female employees. A sample of 50 is required.

Solution:
Total:

𝑁 = 80 + 120 = 200

Males:
80
𝑛𝑚 = × 50 = 20
200

Females:
120
𝑛𝑓 = × 50 = 30
200

Final Answer:

• Males = 20

• Females = 30

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